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Zhang W, Ran Q, Li H, Lou H. Endolichenic Fungi: A Promising Medicinal Microbial Resource to Discover Bioactive Natural Molecules-An Update. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:99. [PMID: 38392771 PMCID: PMC10889713 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lichens are some of the most unique fungi and are naturally encountered as symbiotic biological organisms that usually consist of fungal partners (mycobionts) and photosynthetic organisms (green algae and cyanobacteria). Due to their distinctive growth environments, including hot deserts, rocky coasts, Arctic tundra, toxic slag piles, etc., they produce a variety of biologically meaningful and structurally novel secondary metabolites to resist external environmental stresses. The endofungi that live in and coevolve with lichens can also generate abundant secondary metabolites with novel structures, diverse skeletons, and intriguing bioactivities due to their mutualistic symbiosis with hosts, and they have been considered as strategically significant medicinal microresources for the discovery of pharmaceutical lead compounds in the medicinal industry. They are also of great importance in the fundamental research field of natural product chemistry. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive review and systematic evaluation of the secondary metabolites of endolichenic fungi regarding their origin, distribution, structural characteristics, and biological activity, as well as recent advances in their medicinal applications, by summarizing research achievements since 2015. Moreover, the current research status and future research trends regarding their chemical components are discussed and predicted. A systematic review covering the fundamental chemical research advances and pharmaceutical potential of the secondary metabolites from endolichenic fungi is urgently required to facilitate our better understanding, and this review could also serve as a critical reference to provide valuable insights for the future research and promotion of natural products from endolichenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qian Ran
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hehe Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, China
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2
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Kanehara R, Oinuma Y, Maeda H, Okazaki M, Konno K, Tanaka K, Hashimoto M. Pseudo-Enantiomeric Paraphaeolactones and Their Biosynthetic Derivatives from Paraphaeosphaeria sp. KT4192: A Proposition of a Favorskii Rearrangement for Their Biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1832-1843. [PMID: 37385971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Paraphaeolactones A1, A2, B1, and B2 (1-4, respectively), known arthropsadiol D (5), massariphenone (6) and its positional isomer 7, and massarilactones E (8) and G (9) were isolated from the culture broth of Paraphaeosphaeria sp. KT4192. Although the structural resemblance between 1 and 2 implies that these comprised a diastereomeric pair at the C-2 stereogenic center, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral analyses revealed that they were pseudo-enantiomers possessing the common (2R)-configuration. Paraphaeolactones B1 and B2 (3 and 4) were the derivatives of 2, which equipped the 3-(1-hydroxy-2-oxopropyl)-4-methylcatechol moiety via an acetal bond at C-10. The relative configurations of their acetal carbons were elucidated by NOE experiments, and those of C-8' were deduced independently by ECD spectral analysis. The present study disclosed that 1-5, 8, and 9 contain a methylcyclohexene substructure with the same absolute configuration. This prompted us to reinvestigate the absolute configurations of known structurally related fungal metabolites, allowing us to conclude that the methylcyclohexene moieties of these natural products have the same absolute configuration despite the variety of configurations of other stereogenic centers. The plausible biosynthetic routes for 1-9 are discussed on the basis of the above conclusion. We propose a Favorskii rearrangement as the key transformation for biosyntheses of 1-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuhi Kanehara
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yuki Oinuma
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Masaaki Okazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Konno
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Masaru Hashimoto
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3-Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
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3
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Wang K, Chen L, Dai X, Ye Z, Zhou C, Zhang CJ, Feng Z. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N - (3 - (1H-imidazol-2-yl) phenyl) - 3-phenylpropionamide derivatives as a novel class of covalent inhibitors of p97/VCP ATPase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115094. [PMID: 36634454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent inhibitors of p97 have entered clinical studies. Compared with noncovalent inhibitors, covalent inhibitors have unique advantages in maintaining inhibitory effect and improving the resistance of the target. We previously employed the activity-based protein profiling to definitely identify p97 as the protein target of FL-18 that has a unique scaffold of benpropargylamide coupled with an imidazole. In this study, we report a thorough structure-activity-relationship study involving the new scaffold. A total of three rounds of optimization led to the discovery of the most potent covalent inhibitor of p97 to date. A chemical proteomics study indicated that the newly-synthesized compounds still targeted the C522 residue of p97 and retained selectivity among the complicated whole proteome. This study provides a suite of new covalent inhibitors of p97 to assist in its biological study and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, PR China
| | - Xinyan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Zi Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Chong-Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Xiannongtan Street, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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Kilgas S, Ramadan K. Inhibitors of the ATPase p97/VCP: From basic research to clinical applications. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:3-21. [PMID: 36640759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis deficiencies underlie various cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are responsible for most of the protein degradation in mammalian cells and, therefore, represent attractive targets for cancer therapy and that of neurodegenerative diseases. The ATPase p97, also known as VCP, is a central component of the UPS that extracts and disassembles its substrates from various cellular locations and also regulates different steps in autophagy. Several UPS- and autophagy-targeting drugs are in clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the development of various p97 inhibitors, including the ATPase inhibitors CB-5083 and CB-5339, which reached clinical trials by demonstrating effective anti-tumor activity across various tumor models, providing an effective alternative to targeting protein degradation for cancer therapy. Here, we provide an overview of how different p97 inhibitors have evolved over time both as basic research tools and effective UPS-targeting cancer therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kilgas
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Ye Z, Wang K, Chen L, Jin X, Chen H, Tang G, Yao SQ, Feng Z, Zhang CJ. A targeted covalent inhibitor of p97 with proteome-wide selectivity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:982-989. [PMID: 35256959 PMCID: PMC8897041 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A resurging interest in targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) focus on compounds capable of irreversibly reacting with nucleophilic amino acids in a druggable target. p97 is an emerging protein target for cancer therapy, viral infections and neurodegenerative diseases. Extensive efforts were devoted to the development of p97 inhibitors. The most promising inhibitor of p97 was in phase 1 clinical trials, but failed due to the off-target-induced toxicity, suggesting the selective inhibitors of p97 are highly needed. We report herein a new type of TCIs (i.e., FL-18) that showed proteome-wide selectivity towards p97. Equipped with a Michael acceptor and a basic imidazole, FL-18 showed potent inhibition towards U87MG tumor cells, and in proteome-wide profiling, selectively modified endogenous p97 as confirmed by in situ fluorescence scanning, label-free quantitative proteomics and functional validations. FL-18 selectively modified cysteine residues located within the D2 ATP site of p97. This covalent labeling of cysteine residue in p97 was verified by LC‒MS/MS-based site-mapping and site-directed mutagenesis. Further structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies with FL-18 analogs were established. Collectively, FL-18 is the first known small-molecule TCI capable of covalent engagement of p97 with proteome-wide selectivity, thus providing a promising scaffold for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanghui Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shao Q. Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 63165311, fax: +86 10 63017757.
| | - Chong-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 63165311, fax: +86 10 63017757.
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Bhaktavalsala Suresh A, Kilingar Nadumane V. The metabolite 5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol and its derivative methyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate from the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum with potent apoptotic and anti-angiogenesis effects. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:346. [PMID: 34178568 PMCID: PMC8212346 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has been a rich resource of novel anticancer agents, one such source being lichens, which represent the symbiosis between algae and fungi with diverse range of secondary metabolites having therapeutic significance. With respect to this, the present study evaluates the in vitro apoptogenic profile of secondary metabolites from the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum towards cancer cell lines. Treatment with TLC-purified fraction 1 from P. tinctorum resulted in significant reduction in the cell viabilities of cancer cells with IC50 values ranging between 1.2 and 12.8 μg/ml. The potential anticancer effect of the bioactive fraction was further supported by Trypan blue cell viability, LDH and DNA fragmentation assays. At the cellular level, induction of apoptosis was confirmed through the activation of the caspase cascade and apoptotic cells accumulating in the Sub-G1 phase of cell cycle. Angiogenesis being one of the major characteristics needed for cancer growth, the ability of the lichen fraction to inhibit angiogenesis was checked through in ovo Yolk Sac Membrane (YSM) assay and was found to be significant. The study also verified the non-toxic nature of the bioactive fraction towards normal human peripheral lymphocytes. HPLC analysis and GC-MS characterisation of the bioactive fraction indicated the presence of 5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol and its derivative methyl-2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrini Bhaktavalsala Suresh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Block-I, Jain (Deemed-to-be-University), #18/3, 9th Main, III Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore, 560 011 India
| | - Varalakshmi Kilingar Nadumane
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Block-I, Jain (Deemed-to-be-University), #18/3, 9th Main, III Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore, 560 011 India
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7
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Zhang D, Gu G, Zhang B, Wang Y, Bai J, Fang Y, Zhang T, Dai S, Cen S, Yu L. New phenol and chromone derivatives from the endolichenic fungus Daldinia species and their antiviral activities. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22489-22494. [PMID: 35480826 PMCID: PMC9034232 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03754d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new phenolic metabolites, daldispols A–C (1–3), two new chromone derivatives, (5R,7R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4-one (9) and (5R,7R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-propyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4-one (10), together with five known phenolic compounds (4–8) and two known chromone compounds (11 and 12) were isolated from the endolichenic fungus Daldinia sp. CPCC 400770. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and comparison with reported data. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 9, and 11 exhibited significant anti-influenza A virus (IAV) activities with IC50 values of 12.7, 6.4, 12.5, 16.1, and 9.0 μM, respectively, and compound 8 displayed significant anti-ZIKV activity with inhibitory ratio of 42.7% at 10 μM. The results demonstrated that the fungus Daldinia sp. CPCC 400770 might be a rich source for discovering anti-IAV secondary metabolites as potential novel leading compounds. Eight phenols including three new ones (1–3) and four chromones including two new ones (9 and 10) were isolated from endolichenic fungus Daldinia sp. CPCC 400770, and some of them showed significant antiviral activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewu Zhang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Guowei Gu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Bingyuan Zhang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China .,School of Pharmacy, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Jinglin Bai
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Yuang Fang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Shengjun Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University Yantai 264005 P. R. China
| | - Shan Cen
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
| | - Liyan Yu
- Division for Medicinal Microorganisms Related Strains CAMS Collection Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100050 P. R. China
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8
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Zhang G, Li S, Wang F, Jones AC, Goldberg AFG, Lin B, Virgil S, Stoltz BM, Deshaies RJ, Chou TF. A covalent p97/VCP ATPase inhibitor can overcome resistance to CB-5083 and NMS-873 in colorectal cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113148. [PMID: 33476933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of p97 are useful tools to study p97 function. Human p97 is an important AAA ATPase due to its diverse cellular functions and implication in mediating the turnover of proteins involved in tumorigenesis and virus infections. Multiple p97 inhibitors identified from previous high-throughput screening studies are thiol-reactive compounds targeting Cys522 in the D2 ATP-binding domain. Thus, these findings suggest a potential strategy to develop covalent p97 inhibitors. We first used purified p97 to assay several known covalent kinase inhibitors to determine if they can inhibit ATPase activity. We evaluated their selectivity using our dual reporter cells that can distinguish p97 dependent and independent degradation. We selected a β-nitrostyrene scaffold to further study the structure-activity relationship. In addition, we used p97 structures to design and synthesize analogues of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP). We incorporated electrophiles into a PP-like compound 17 (4-amino-1-tert-butyl-3-phenyl pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine) to generate eight compounds. A selective compound 18 (N-(1-(tert-butyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)acrylamide, PPA) exhibited excellent selectivity in an in vitro ATPase activity assay: IC50 of 0.6 μM, 300 μM, and 100 μM for wild type p97, yeast Cdc48, and N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF), respectively. To further examine the importance of Cys522 on the active site pocket during PPA inhibition, C522A and C522T mutants of p97 were purified and shown to increase IC50 values by 100-fold, whereas replacement of Thr532 of yeast Cdc48 with Cysteine decreased the IC50 by 10-fold. The molecular modeling suggested the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions in addition to the covalent bonding at Cys522 between WT-p97 and PPA. Furthermore, tandem mass spectrometry confirmed formation of a covalent bond between Cys522 and PPA. An anti-proliferation assay indicated that the proliferation of HCT116, HeLa, and RPMI8226 was inhibited by PPA with IC50 of 2.7 μM, 6.1 μM, and 3.4 μM, respectively. In addition, PPA is able to inhibit proliferation of two HCT116 cell lines that are resistant to CB-5083 and NMS-873, respectively. Proteomic analysis of PPA-treated HCT116 revealed Gene Ontology enrichment of known p97 functional pathways such as the protein ubiquitination and the ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane. In conclusion, we have identified and characterized PPA as a selective covalent p97 inhibitor, which will allow future exploration to improve the potency of p97 inhibitors with different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Shan Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Amanda C Jones
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Alexander F G Goldberg
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Benjamin Lin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Scott Virgil
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States.
| | - Raymond J Deshaies
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, United States.
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States; Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, United States.
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9
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Teratopyrones A-C, Dimeric Naphtho-γ-Pyrones and Other Metabolites from Teratosphaeria sp. AK1128, a Fungal Endophyte of Equisetum arvense. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215058. [PMID: 33143346 PMCID: PMC7662774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of a cytotoxic extract derived from a solid potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture of Teratosphaeria sp. AK1128, a fungal endophyte of Equisetum arvense, afforded three new naphtho-γ-pyrone dimers, teratopyrones A–C (1–3), together with five known naphtho-γ-pyrones, aurasperone B (4), aurasperone C (5), aurasperone F (6), nigerasperone A (7), and fonsecin B (8), and two known diketopiperazines, asperazine (9) and isorugulosuvine (10). The structures of 1–3 were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that nigerasperone A (7) was moderately active against the cancer cell lines PC-3M (human metastatic prostate cancer), NCI-H460 (human non-small cell lung cancer), SF-268 (human CNS glioma), and MCF-7 (human breast cancer), with IC50s ranging from 2.37 to 4.12 μM while other metabolites exhibited no cytotoxic activity up to a concentration of 5.0 μM.
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Xie F, Luan XY, Gao Y, Xu K, Lou HX. Cytotoxic Heptaketides from the Endolichenic Fungus Ulospora bilgramii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1623-1633. [PMID: 32394716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Eleven new metabolites including nine heptaketides, ulosporin A-G (1a-7b), one diphenyl compound, ulophenol (8), and one spirobisnaphthalene, palmarumycin P5 (9), were isolated from the endolichenic fungus Ulospora bilgramii, which inhabits the lichen Umbilicaria sp. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on comprehensive analysis of their spectroscopic, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Ulosporin G (7) inhibited the growth of the human cancer cell lines A549, MCF-7, and KB with IC50 values of 1.3, 1.3, and 3.0 μM, respectively. Additionally, it induced A549 cell apoptosis through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest caused by DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yi Luan
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
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11
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Huryn DM, Kornfilt DJP, Wipf P. p97: An Emerging Target for Cancer, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Viral Infections. J Med Chem 2019; 63:1892-1907. [PMID: 31550150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The AAA+ ATPase, p97, also referred to as VCP, plays an essential role in cellular homeostasis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), mitochondrial-associated degradation (MAD), chromatin-associated degradation, autophagy, and endosomal trafficking. Mutations in p97 have been linked to a number of neurodegenerative diseases, and overexpression of wild type p97 is observed in numerous cancers. Furthermore, p97 activity has been shown to be essential for the replication of certain viruses, including poliovirus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and influenza. Taken together, these observations highlight the potential for targeting p97 as a therapeutic approach in neurodegeneration, cancer, and certain infectious diseases. This Perspective reviews recent advances in the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of p97, their optimization and characterization, and therapeutic potential.
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12
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Westphal KR, Werner MIH, Nielsen KAH, Sørensen JL, Andrushchenko V, Winde J, Hertz M, Jensen MA, Mortensen ML, Bouř P, Sondergaard TE, Wimmer R. Characterization of Eight Novel Spiroleptosphols from Fusarium avenaceum. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193498. [PMID: 31561557 PMCID: PMC6804164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical analyses of Fusarium avenaceum grown on banana medium resulted in eight novel spiroleptosphols, T1, T2 and U-Z (1-8). The structures were elucidated by a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometric data and 1- and 2-D NMR experiments. The relative stereochemistry was assigned by 1H coupling and NOESY/ROESY experiments. Absolute stereochemistry established for 7 by vibrational circular dichroism was found analogous to that of the putative polyketide spiroleptosphol from Leptosphaeria doliolum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ringsborg Westphal
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Section for Biotechnology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Manuela Ilse Helga Werner
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Section for Biotechnology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Katrine Amalie Hamborg Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Section for Biotechnology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Jens Laurids Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.
| | - Valery Andrushchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Jacob Winde
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Section for Biotechnology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Morten Hertz
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Section for Biotechnology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Mikkel Astrup Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Section for Biotechnology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Mathilde Lauge Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Section for Biotechnology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Petr Bouř
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Teis Esben Sondergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Section for Biotechnology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
| | - Reinhard Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience-Section for Biotechnology, Aalborg University, Frederik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
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13
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Cao J, Yang X, Teng P, Liu Z, Yang J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Luo M, Gao D, Kong D, Xia S, Zhao E, Yuan L. On-line dynamic detection in the column chromatography separation based on an optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:5774-5779. [PMID: 31503880 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.005774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this design, we introduced a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber-sensing probe into a column chromatography (CC) system to realize on-line dynamic detection in sample separation. The refractive index of the gel around the probe would be adjusted dynamically by the concentration change of the sample during CC separation. To demonstrate the separation and on-line detection process, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and riboflavin-5-phosphate sodium (FMN-Na) are chosen as the analytes in a Sephadex gel filtration chromatography system. The results show that the apparent reversible shift of the SPR spectrum can characterize the separation process. Specifically, the separated BSA with an outflow time of 8 min can cause a resonance wavelength shift of 15.5 nm, and the FMN-Na with an outflow time of 26 min can cause a shift of 8.4 nm. This on-line dynamic detection of SPR spectra has great potential to save time and simplify the analysis process compared to the complex thin layer chromatography detection steps in traditional manual CC.
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14
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Ding R, Zhang T, Wilson DJ, Xie J, Williams J, Xu Y, Ye Y, Chen L. Discovery of Irreversible p97 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2814-2829. [PMID: 30830772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of human p97 (also known as valosin-containing protein) have been actively pursued because of their potential therapeutic applications in cancer and other diseases. However, covalent and irreversible p97 inhibitors have not been well explored. Herein, we report our design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of covalent and irreversible inhibitors of p97. Among an amide and a reverse amide series we synthesized, we have identified a p97 inhibitor whose functional irreversibility has been established both in vitro and in cells. Also importantly, mass spectrometry reveals three potential cysteine residues labeled by this compound, and mutagenesis together with computer modeling suggests Cys522 as a major site, which when modified, could compromise the function of p97. Taken together, this new inhibitor may provide a template for designing more potent p97 inhibitors with covalent and irreversible characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Daniel J Wilson
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Jessica Williams
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Yue Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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15
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Ariefta NR, Nikmawahda HT, Aboshi T, Murayama T, Tawaraya K, Koseki T, Katagi G, Kakihara Y, Shiono Y. Fusaspirols A-D, novel oxaspirol derivatives isolated from Fusarium solani B-18. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Chen M, Wang R, Zhao W, Yu L, Zhang C, Chang S, Li Y, Zhang T, Xing J, Gan M, Feng F, Si S. Isocoumarindole A, a Chlorinated Isocoumarin and Indole Alkaloid Hybrid Metabolite from an Endolichenic Fungus Aspergillus sp. Org Lett 2019; 21:1530-1533. [PMID: 30785290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Isocoumarindole A (1), a novel polyketide synthetase-nonribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS) hybrid metabolite, was isolated from the endolichenic fungus Aspergillus sp. CPCC 400810. The structure of isocoumarindole A (1) was featured by an unprecedented skeleton containing chlorinated isocoumarin and indole diketopiperazine alkaloid moieties linked by a carbon-carbon bond, which was determined by a combination of spectroscopic analyses, Marfey's method, and calculations of NMR chemical shifts, ECD spectra, and optical rotation values. Isocoumarindole A showed significant cytotoxicity and mild antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory for Microbial Drug Bioengeering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine , Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Urumqi 830004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Renzhong Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory for Microbial Drug Bioengeering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China.,Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wuli Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory for Microbial Drug Bioengeering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory for Microbial Drug Bioengeering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Conghui Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory for Microbial Drug Bioengeering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Chang
- NHC Key Laboratory for Microbial Drug Bioengeering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory for Microbial Drug Bioengeering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory for Microbial Drug Bioengeering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Xing
- Key Laboratory for Uighur Medicine , Institute of Materia Medica of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region , Urumqi 830004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Maoluo Gan
- NHC Key Laboratory for Microbial Drug Bioengeering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory for Microbial Drug Bioengeering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
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17
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Calcott MJ, Ackerley DF, Knight A, Keyzers RA, Owen JG. Secondary metabolism in the lichen symbiosis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1730-1760. [PMID: 29094129 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lichens, which are defined by a core symbiosis between a mycobiont (fungal partner) and a photobiont (photoautotrophic partner), are in fact complex assemblages of microorganisms that constitute a largely untapped source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Historically, compounds isolated from lichens have predominantly been those produced by the dominant fungal partner, and these continue to be of great interest for their unique chemistry and biotechnological potential. In recent years it has become apparent that many photobionts and lichen-associated bacteria also produce a range of potentially valuable molecules. There is evidence to suggest that the unique nature of the symbiosis has played a substantial role in shaping many aspects of lichen chemistry, for example driving bacteria to produce metabolites that do not bring them direct benefit but are useful to the lichen as a whole. This is most evident in studies of cyanobacterial photobionts, which produce compounds that differ from free living cyanobacteria and are unique to symbiotic organisms. The roles that these and other lichen-derived molecules may play in communication and maintaining the symbiosis are poorly understood at present. Nonetheless, advances in genomics, mass spectrometry and other analytical technologies are continuing to illuminate the wealth of biological and chemical diversity present within the lichen holobiome. Implementation of novel biodiscovery strategies such as metagenomic screening, coupled with synthetic biology approaches to reconstitute, re-engineer and heterologously express lichen-derived biosynthetic gene clusters in a cultivable host, offer a promising means for tapping into this hitherto inaccessible wealth of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Calcott
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
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18
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Padumadasa C, Xu YM, Wijeratne EMK, Espinosa-Artiles P, U'Ren JM, Arnold AE, Gunatilaka AAL. Cytotoxic and Noncytotoxic Metabolites from Teratosphaeria sp. FL2137, a Fungus Associated with Pinus clausa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:616-624. [PMID: 29373790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new naphthoquinone, teratosphaerone A (1), four new naphthalenones, namely, teratosphaerone B (2), structurally related to 1, iso-balticol B (3), iso-balticol B-4,9-acetonide (4), and (+)-balticol C (5), a new furanonaphthalenone, (3a S,9 R,9a S)-1(9a),3(3a),9-hexahydromonosporascone (6), and the known metabolite monosporascone (7) were isolated from Teratosphaeria sp. FL2137, a fungal strain inhabiting the internal tissue of recently dead but undecomposed foliage of Pinus clausa. The structures of 1-6 were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data including 2D NMR, and absolute configurations of 2, 3, and 6 were determined by the modified Mosher's ester method. When evaluated in a panel of five tumor cell lines, metabolites 1 and 7 isolated from a cytotoxic fraction of the extract exhibited moderate selectivity for metastatic breast adenocarcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231. Of these, 1 showed cytotoxicity to this cell line with an IC50 of 1.2 ± 0.1 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanika Padumadasa
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road , Tucson , Arizona 85706 , United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences , University of Sri Jayewardenepura , Gangodawila, Nugegoda , Sri Lanka
| | - Ya-Ming Xu
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road , Tucson , Arizona 85706 , United States
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road , Tucson , Arizona 85706 , United States
| | - Patricia Espinosa-Artiles
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road , Tucson , Arizona 85706 , United States
| | - Jana M U'Ren
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , University of Arizona , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences , University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road , Tucson , Arizona 85706 , United States
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19
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Li Y, Zhu R, Zhang J, Xie F, Wang X, Xu K, Qiao Y, Zhao Z, Lou H. Ophiosphaerellins A-I, Polyketide-Derived Compounds from the Endolichenic Fungus Ophiosphaerella korrae. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:176-180. [PMID: 30023771 PMCID: PMC6045351 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ophiosphaerellins A-I (1-9), the first example of bicyclo[4.1.0]heptenones, as well as their biosynthetic relatives ophiosphaerekorrins A-B (10-11) were isolated from the endolichenic fungus Ophiosphaerella korrae. Biosynthetically, they were derived from the polyketide pathway, and their absolute configurations were determined on the basis of the combination analysis of spectral data, circular dichroism calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurement. Preliminary test with thin-layer chromatography bioautography found that this type of compounds showed moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelan Li
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong
University, No. 44 West
Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong
University, No. 27 Shanda
Nanlu, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaozhen Zhang
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong
University, No. 44 West
Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong
University, No. 44 West
Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong
University, No. 44 West
Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong
University, No. 44 West
Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Qiao
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong
University, No. 44 West
Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuntian Zhao
- College
of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department
of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong
University, No. 44 West
Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, People’s Republic of China
- E-mail:
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20
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Raja H, Miller AN, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. Fungal Identification Using Molecular Tools: A Primer for the Natural Products Research Community. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:756-770. [PMID: 28199101 PMCID: PMC5368684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are morphologically, ecologically, metabolically, and phylogenetically diverse. They are known to produce numerous bioactive molecules, which makes them very useful for natural products researchers in their pursuit of discovering new chemical diversity with agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications. Despite their importance in natural products chemistry, identification of fungi remains a daunting task for chemists, especially those who do not work with a trained mycologist. The purpose of this review is to update natural products researchers about the tools available for molecular identification of fungi. In particular, we discuss (1) problems of using morphology alone in the identification of fungi to the species level; (2) the three nuclear ribosomal genes most commonly used in fungal identification and the potential advantages and limitations of the ITS region, which is the official DNA barcoding marker for species-level identification of fungi; (3) how to use NCBI-BLAST search for DNA barcoding, with a cautionary note regarding its limitations; (4) the numerous curated molecular databases containing fungal sequences; (5) the various protein-coding genes used to augment or supplant ITS in species-level identification of certain fungal groups; and (6) methods used in the construction of phylogenetic trees from DNA sequences to facilitate fungal species identification. We recommend that, whenever possible, both morphology and molecular data be used for fungal identification. Our goal is that this review will provide a set of standardized procedures for the molecular identification of fungi that can be utilized by the natural products research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzefa
A. Raja
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
| | - Andrew N. Miller
- Illinois
Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States
| | - Cedric J. Pearce
- Mycosynthetix,
Inc., 505 Meadowland
Drive, Suite 103, Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402, United States
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21
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Luo JG, Xu YM, Sandberg DC, Arnold AE, Gunatilaka AAL. Montagnuphilones A-G, Azaphilones from Montagnulaceae sp. DM0194, a Fungal Endophyte of Submerged Roots of Persicaria amphibia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:76-81. [PMID: 28099011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Seven azaphilones, montagnuphilones A-G (1-7), together with previously known azaphilones 8-11, were encountered in Montagnulaceae sp. DM0194, an endophytic fungus isolated from submerged roots of Persicaria amphibia. The structures of 1-7 were elucidated on the basis of their MS and NMR spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-8 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Among these, none were found to be cytotoxic to RAW264.7 cells up to 100.0 μM, but 8, 5, and 2 showed NO inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 9.2 ± 0.9, 25.5 ± 1.1, and 39.6 ± 1.8 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guang Luo
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ming Xu
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Dustin C Sandberg
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
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22
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Bastola P, Neums L, Schoenen FJ, Chien J. VCP inhibitors induce endoplasmic reticulum stress, cause cell cycle arrest, trigger caspase-mediated cell death and synergistically kill ovarian cancer cells in combination with Salubrinal. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1559-1574. [PMID: 27729194 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP) or p97, a member of AAA-ATPase protein family, has been associated with various cellular functions including endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), Golgi membrane reassembly, autophagy, DNA repair, and cell division. Recent studies identified VCP and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) as synthetic lethal targets in ovarian cancer. Here, we describe the preclinical activity of VCP inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Results from our studies suggest that quinazoline-based VCP inhibitors initiate G1 cell cycle arrest, attenuate cap-dependent translation and induce programmed cell death via the intrinsic and the extrinsic modes of apoptosis. Mechanistic studies point to the unresolved unfolded protein response (UPR) as a mechanism by which VCP inhibitors contribute to cytotoxicity. These results support an emerging concept that UPR and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways may be targeted in ovarian cancer as a source of vulnerability. Since prolonged ER stress may result in CHOP-mediated cell death, we tested the hypothesis that VCP inhibitors act synergistically with compounds that enhance CHOP expression. Here, we show that VCP inhibitors act synergistically with Salubrinal, an inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation, by enhancing CHOP expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Our results provide a proof-of-concept that VCP inhibitors can be used as a single agent and can be synergized with compounds that enhance CHOP expression to induce cell death in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Bastola
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Lisa Neums
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Frank J Schoenen
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; Target Acceleration Group, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66047, USA
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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23
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Vekaria PH, Home T, Weir S, Schoenen FJ, Rao R. Targeting p97 to Disrupt Protein Homeostasis in Cancer. Front Oncol 2016; 6:181. [PMID: 27536557 PMCID: PMC4971439 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are addicted to numerous non-oncogenic traits that enable them to thrive. Proteotoxic stress is one such non-oncogenic trait that is experienced by all tumor cells owing to increased genomic abnormalities and the resulting synthesis and accumulation of non-stoichiometric amounts of cellular proteins. This imbalance in the amounts of proteins ultimately culminates in proteotoxic stress. p97, or valosin-containing protein (VCP), is an ATPase whose function is essential to restore protein homeostasis in the cells. Working in concert with the ubiquitin proteasome system, p97 promotes the retrotranslocation from cellular organelles and/or degradation of misfolded proteins. Consequently, p97 inhibition has emerged as a novel therapeutic target in cancer cells, especially those that have a highly secretory phenotype. This review summarizes our current understanding of the function of p97 in maintaining protein homeostasis and its inhibition with small molecule inhibitors as an emerging strategy to target cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trisha Home
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA
| | - Scott Weir
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas , Kansas City, KS , USA
| | - Frank J Schoenen
- Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS , USA
| | - Rekha Rao
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA
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