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Mendes E, Ramalhete C, Duarte N. Myrsinane-Type Diterpenes: A Comprehensive Review on Structural Diversity, Chemistry and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:147. [PMID: 38203318 PMCID: PMC10779237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia species are important sources of polycyclic and macrocyclic diterpenes, which have been the focus of natural-product-based drug research due to their relevant biological properties, including anticancer, multidrug resistance reversal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. Premyrsinane, cyclomyrsinane, and myrsinane diterpenes are generally and collectively designated as myrsinane-type diterpenes. These compounds are derived from the macrocyclic lathyrane structure and are characterized by having highly oxygenated rearranged polycyclic systems. This review aims to describe and summarize the distribution and diversity of 220 myrsinane-type diterpenes isolated in the last four decades from about 20 Euphorbia species. Some myrsinane diterpenes obtained from Jatropha curcas are also described. Discussion on their plausible biosynthetic pathways is presented, as well as isolation procedures and structural elucidation using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the most important biological activities are highlighted, which include cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities, the modulation of efflux pumps, the neuroprotective effects, and the inhibition of enzymes such as urease, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and prolyl endopeptidase, among other biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Mendes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Cátia Ramalhete
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.M.); (C.R.)
- ATLÂNTICA—Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
| | - Noélia Duarte
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.M.); (C.R.)
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Jadranin M, Savić D, Lupšić E, Podolski-Renić A, Pešić M, Tešević V, Milosavljević S, Krstić G. LC-ESI QToF MS Non-Targeted Screening of Latex Extracts of Euphorbia seguieriana ssp. seguieriana Necker and Euphorbia cyparissias and Determination of Their Potential Anticancer Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4181. [PMID: 38140508 PMCID: PMC10747863 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia seguieriana ssp. seguieriana Necker (ES) and Euphorbia cyparissias (EC) with a habitat in the Deliblato Sands were the subject of this examination. The latexes of these so far insufficiently investigated species of the Euphorbia genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds and warts on the skin. To determine their chemical composition, non-targeted screening of the latexes' chloroform extracts was performed using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry employing an electrospray ionization source (LC-ESI QTOF MS). The analysis of the obtained results showed that the latexes of ES and EC represent rich sources of diterpenes, tentatively identified as jatrophanes, ingenanes, tiglianes, myrsinanes, premyrsinanes, and others. Examination of the anticancer activity of the ES and EC latex extracts showed that both extracts significantly inhibited the growth of the non-small cell lung carcinoma NCI-H460 and glioblastoma U87 cell lines as well as of their corresponding multi-drug resistant (MDR) cell lines, NCI-H460/R and U87-TxR. The obtained results also revealed that the ES and EC extracts inhibited the function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in MDR cancer cells, whose overexpression is one of the main mechanisms underlying MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milka Jadranin
- University of Belgrade—Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danica Savić
- University of Belgrade—Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ema Lupšić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (E.L.); (A.P.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (E.L.); (A.P.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia; (E.L.); (A.P.-R.); (M.P.)
| | - Vele Tešević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Slobodan Milosavljević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (S.M.)
- Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, Kneza Mihaila 35, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Krstić
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12–16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (S.M.)
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Cai Q, Zha HJ, Yuan SY, Sun X, Lin X, Zheng XY, Qian YX, Xia RF, Luo YS, Shi Z, Su JC, Wan LS. Diterpenoids from Euphorbia fischeriana with Kv1.3 Inhibitory Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2379-2390. [PMID: 37796721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia diterpenoids possess inhibitory effects of Kv1.3 ion channel, but most of this research has focused on diterpenoids with jatrophane-related or ingenane-related skeletons. In the present study, nine undescribed (1-9) and 16 known (10-25) diterpenoids, based on jatrophane, lathyrane, ingenane, abietane, and atisane skeletons, were identified from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Euphorbia fischeriana. The structures were established by analysis of the spectroscopic data as well as by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Among the isolated diterpenoids, macrocyclic jatrophanes and lathyranes exerted Kv1.3 blocking activity. Compound 8 exhibited good selectivity on the inhibition of the Kv 1.3 channel rather than hERG channel, with a selectivity index over 7.0. The selective activity of lathyrane diterpenoids indicates that macrocyclic diterpenoids have the potential to be further investigated as therapeutic agents for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jing Zha
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Ying Yuan
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Sun
- Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang 050026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yu Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xian Qian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Feng Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Shan Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimian Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Luo-Sheng Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
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Zhao H, Sun L, Kong C, Mei W, Dai H, Xu F, Huang S. Phytochemical and pharmacological review of diterpenoids from the genus Euphorbia Linn (2012-2021). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115574. [PMID: 35944737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Euphorbia is one of the major genera in angiosperms, which is widely distributed all over the world, including Asia, Africa and Central and South America. The roots or tubers of Euphorbia are famous for medicinal purposes, especially in China. Many of them, such as Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr, Euphorbia fischeriana Steud and Euphorbia Kansui S.L.Liou ex S.B.Ho. . are used as Chinese herbal medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper reviews the diterpenoids isolated from the genus Euphorbia species and the pharmacological activities of these compounds to evaluate its traditional use and potential future development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the studies of the genus Euphorbia Linn was collected from scientific journals, books and reports via library and electronic data search (Scifinder, Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Google Scholar, Springer, Science Direct, Wiley, ACS, CNKI and Kew Plants of the Word Online). Meanwhile, it was also obtained from published works of material medica, folk records, ethnophmacological literatures, Ph.D. and Masters dissertations. RESULTS Known as the main constituents of the genus Euphorbia Linn, Diterpenoids possess many pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammation, antiviral activities and cytotoxicity. To date, various types of diterpenoids were identified from this genus, including isopimarane, rosane, abietane, ent-kaurane, ent-atisane. cembrane, casbane, lathyrane, myrsinane, jatropholane, tigliane, ingenane, jatrophane, paraliane, pepluane, and euphoractin. CONCLUSIONS This review describes 14 types of diterpenoid isolated from 45 Euphorbia species from 2012 to 2021, a total of 615 compounds. Among them, mainly include jatrophane (171), lathyrane (92), myrsinane (62), abietane (70), ent-atisane (36), ent-kaurane (7), tigliane (26) and ingenane (19). The possible biological pathways of these compounds were presumed. At the same time, more than 10 biological activities of these compounds were summarized, such as anti-inflammation, antiviral activities and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - ChuiHao Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - WenLi Mei
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, PR China
| | - HaoFu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, PR China
| | - FengQing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of New Manufacturing Technology for Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces, Hefei, 230012, PR China.
| | - ShengZhuo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, PR China.
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Xu L, Xiao S, Lee JJ, Jiang H, Li X, Zhang X, Zhao Y. In Vivo Metabolites of Panaxadiol Inhibit HepG-2 Cell Proliferation by Inducing G1 Arrest and ROS-Mediated Apoptosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11560-11571. [PMID: 36094400 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 10 metabolites were obtained by collecting and extracting fecal samples after oral administration of panaxadiol (PD). Of these 10 metabolites, M7 (3β,21β,22α-hydroxy-24-norolean-12-ene), M8 (21β,22α-hydroxy-24-norolean-12-ene-3-one), M9 (3β,30α-hydroxy-24-norolean-22,30-epoxy-12-ene), and M10 (3β,21β-hydroxy-24-norolean-12-ene) were new compounds. MTT screening of the isolated compounds revealed that the inhibitions of cancer cells by M2, M4, M7, M8, and M10 were significantly stronger than that by the mother drug M0, with the activity of M2 being the most significant. Further, we investigated the anticancer mechanism of M2. The results showed that M2 significantly increased the level of ROS in cells; regulated the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, and Cyt-C through the mitochondrial pathway; triggered the caspase cascade; and induced apoptosis. M2 could also induce G1 phase arrest and significantly regulate cell cycle-related proteins. In conclusion, the experimental results provide data for further study on the metabolic mechanism of PD in vivo and the potential of developing new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shengnan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jung Joon Lee
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Zhan ZJ, Li S, Chu W, Yin S. Euphorbia diterpenoids: isolation, structure, bioactivity, biosynthesis, and synthesis (2013-2021). Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:2132-2174. [PMID: 36111621 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00047d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2013 to 2021As the characteristic metabolites of Euphorbia plants, Euphorbia diterpenoids have always been a hot topic in related science communities due to their intriguing structures and broad bioactivities. In this review, we intent to provide an in-depth and extensive coverage of Euphorbia diterpenoids reported from 2013 to the end of 2021, including 997 new Euphorbia diterpenoids and 78 known ones with latest progress. Multiple aspects will be summarized, including their occurrences, chemical structures, bioactivities, and syntheses, in which the structure-activity relationship and biosynthesis of this class will be discussed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zha-Jun Zhan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Wang Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
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Luo H, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Wickman K. Neuronal G protein-gated K + channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C439-C460. [PMID: 35704701 PMCID: PMC9362898 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00102.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK/Kir3) channels exert a critical inhibitory influence on neurons. Neuronal GIRK channels mediate the G protein-dependent, direct/postsynaptic inhibitory effect of many neurotransmitters including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine, adenosine, somatostatin, and enkephalin. In addition to their complex regulation by G proteins, neuronal GIRK channel activity is sensitive to PIP2, phosphorylation, regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, intracellular Na+ and Ca2+, and cholesterol. The application of genetic and viral manipulations in rodent models, together with recent progress in the development of GIRK channel modulators, has increased our understanding of the physiological and behavioral impact of neuronal GIRK channels. Work in rodent models has also revealed that neuronal GIRK channel activity is modified, transiently or persistently, by various stimuli including exposure drugs of abuse, changes in neuronal activity patterns, and aversive experience. A growing body of preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that dysregulation of GIRK channel activity contributes to neurological diseases and disorders. The primary goals of this review are to highlight fundamental principles of neuronal GIRK channel biology, mechanisms of GIRK channel regulation and plasticity, the nascent landscape of GIRK channel pharmacology, and the potential relevance of GIRK channels to the pathophysiology and treatment of neurological diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichang Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Kevin Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Yazdiniapour Z, Mirian M, Zolfaghari B, Mehdifar P, Ghanadian M, Lanzotti V. Myrsinane-type diterpenes from Euphorbia gedrosiaca with cell growth inhibitory activity and apoptotic effects on melanoma cancer cells. Fitoterapia 2022; 157:105138. [PMID: 35104567 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical analysis of Euphorbia gedrosiaca Rech.f., Aellen & Esfand., an Iranian endemic spurge, afforded the isolation of four myrsinane types diterpene polyesters. Two new compounds (1-2) were based on a myrsinane skeleton while the others (3-4) were known diterpenes based on a cyclomyrsinane backbone. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The isolated compounds were tested to evaluate their cell growth inhibitory activity and apoptotic effects on melanoma cell lines, B16F10 and A375. The IC50 values for compounds 1-4 were 58.45, 55.43, 86.52 and 82.27 μM, respectively, on B16F10, and 20.66, 21.88, 36.21 and 39.87 μM, respectively, on A375 cells. Non-treated cells were used as negative control (100% cell growth) and 5 nM Taxol were considered as a positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Yazdiniapour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Mirian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Zolfaghari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pegah Mehdifar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Virginia Lanzotti
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Napoli, Italy.
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Kir Channel Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Implications. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 267:277-356. [PMID: 34345939 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
For the past two decades several scholarly reviews have appeared on the inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels. We would like to highlight two efforts in particular, which have provided comprehensive reviews of the literature up to 2010 (Hibino et al., Physiol Rev 90(1):291-366, 2010; Stanfield et al., Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 145:47-179, 2002). In the past decade, great insights into the 3-D atomic resolution structures of Kir channels have begun to provide the molecular basis for their functional properties. More recently, computational studies are beginning to close the time domain gap between in silico dynamic and patch-clamp functional studies. The pharmacology of these channels has also been expanding and the dynamic structural studies provide hope that we are heading toward successful structure-based drug design for this family of K+ channels. In the present review we focus on placing the physiology and pharmacology of this K+ channel family in the context of atomic resolution structures and in providing a glimpse of the promising future of therapeutic opportunities.
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Therapeutic potential of targeting G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels in the central nervous system. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107808. [PMID: 33476640 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir3/GirK) are important for maintaining resting membrane potential, cell excitability and inhibitory neurotransmission. Coupled to numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), they mediate the effects of many neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and hormones contributing to the general homeostasis and particular synaptic plasticity processes, learning, memory and pain signaling. A growing number of behavioral and genetic studies suggest a critical role for the appropriate functioning of the central nervous system, as well as their involvement in many neurologic and psychiatric conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, mood disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, epilepsy, alcoholism and drug addiction. Hence, GirK channels emerge as a very promising tool to be targeted in the current scenario where these conditions already are or will become a global public health problem. This review examines recent findings on the physiology, function, dysfunction, and pharmacology of GirK channels in the central nervous system and highlights the relevance of GirK channels as a worthful potential target to improve therapies for related diseases.
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Abdolmohammadi MH, Fallahian F, Ghanadian M, Mirjani A, Aghaei M. New Diterpene Compound from Euphorbia connate Boiss., 3,7,14,15-Tetraacetyl-5-Propanoyl-13(17)-Epoxy-8,10(18)-Myrsinadiene, Inhibits the Growth of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Promoting Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2030-2038. [PMID: 32933316 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1820049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer due to the difficulties in early clinical diagnosis and absence of successfull treatment has poor prognosis and high mortality among all gynecological malignancies. Many evidence has revealed that plants of the Euphorbiaceae family are precious sources of novel bioactive compounds with anti-tumor activities. 3,7,14,15-tetraacetyl-5-propanoyl-13(17)-epoxy-8,10(18)-myrsinadiene (TPEM) is a new myrsinane-type diterpene isolated recently by our group from aerial parts of Euphorbia Connata and the present study was aimed to explore its inhibitory effects on growth of two human ovarian cancer cells, OVCAR-3, and Caov-4. The obtained results indicated that growth of OVCAR-3 and Caov-4 cells was significantly inhibited by TPEM in a dose-dependent manner, with the IC50 values of 41.27 ± 1.52 and 36.44 ± 2.41 µM, respectively. Furthermore, using Annexin V-FITC and PI staining it was confirmed that the induced cell death was mainly mediated through apoptotic pathway. Further observations such as decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), increase in the activity of caspase-3 and elevation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio suggested the role of mitochondria in the induction of apoptosis by TPEM. ROS level was also remarkably increased in OVCAR-3 and Caov-4 cells in response to TPEM treatment. In conclusion, these findings provide first evidences about potential anticancer properties of TPEM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faranak Fallahian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Mirjani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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NO inhibitory diterpenoids as potential anti-inflammatory agents from Euphorbia antiquorum. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103237. [PMID: 31536954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two new ent-atisane-type diterpenoids (1 and 2), three new lathyrane-type diterpenoids (3-5), and seven known analogues (6-12) were isolated from Euphorbia antiquorum. The structures of these diterpenoids were established by analysis of their NMR, MS, and electronic circular dichroism data. The anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated biologically and compounds 1, 4, 7, 8, and 10 displayed strong NO inhibitory effects with IC50 values less than 40 μM. The potential anti-inflammatory mechanism was also investigated using molecular docking and Western blotting.
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Li BG, Wu WJ, Zheng HC, Yang HF, Zuo YX, Cui XP. Long noncoding RNA GAS5 silencing inhibits the expression of KCNQ3 by sponging miR-135a-5p to prevent the progression of epilepsy. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 35:527-534. [PMID: 31373759 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in humans. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be important players in neurological diseases. Herein, this study aimed to examine the effect of lncRNA GAS5 on the occurrence of epilepsy in rat and cell models of epileptic seizure. The expression of lncRNA GAS5 was measured in the established rat and cell models. The binding sites between lncRNA GAS5 and miR-135a-5p, as well as those between miR-135a-5p and 3' untranslated region of KCNQ3 were predicted by miRDB and Targetscan, separately, followed by verification using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. The expression of miR-135a-5p was measured in response to the overexpression of lncRNA GAS5. The mRNA and protein levels of KCNQ3 were examined in response to overexpression of miR-135a-5p. Next, the latency of epilepsy and frequency of epileptic seizures were assessed in rats injected with Lv-shGAS5 and Lv-miR-135a-5p in epileptic seizure model. In the rat and cell models, lncRNA GAS5 was highly expressed when epileptic seizure was induced. The expression of miR-135a-5p was decreased by overexpression of lncRNA GAS5. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of KCNQ3 were decreased in response to knockdown of miR-135a-5p. After the treatment of Lv-shGAS5 and Lv-miR-135a-5p, the average latent period of epilepsy was prolonged and the frequency of seizures was decreased. The key findings of the present study provide evidence emphasizing that lncRNA GAS5 functions as a competitive endogenous RNA of miR-135a-5p to increase expression of KCNQ3, and lncRNA GAS5 silencing inhibited the occurrence and progression of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Guang Li
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hua-Cheng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hua-Fang Yang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yue-Xian Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Pu Cui
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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14
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Ványolós A, Orvos P, Chuluunbaatar B, Tálosi L, Hohmann J. GIRK channel activity of Hungarian mushrooms: From screening to biologically active metabolites. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104272. [PMID: 31326417 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the current study effects of fungal extracts on the G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channel (GIRK1/4) were screened using the automated patch-clamp method. 40 organic (n-hexane, chloroform, and 50% methanol) and aqueous extracts were prepared from 10 mushroom species native to Hungary. Among the examined fungal fractions of different polarities some n-hexane and chloroform extracts exerted considerable ion channel activity. One of the most active fungal species, Hypholoma lateritium was selected for further detailed examination to determine the compounds responsible for the observed pharmacological property. Evaluation of the ion channel activity of mushroom metabolites 1-10 revealed that lanosta-7,9(11)-diene-12β,21α-epoxy-2α,3β,24β,25-tetraol (5) demonstrates remarkable blocking activity on GIRK current (IC50 395.1 ± 31.8 nM). Investigation of the selectivity of the GIRK inhibitory effect proved that lanosta-7,9(11)-diene-12β,21α-epoxy-2α,3β,24β,25-tetraol (5) has only weak inhibitory activity on hERG channel (7.9 ± 2.8% at 100 μM), exerting more than three orders of magnitude lower blocking activity on hERG channel than on GIRK channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Ványolós
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Péter Orvos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 10-11, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 12, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bayar Chuluunbaatar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Tálosi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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15
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Hammadi R, Kúsz N, Mwangi PW, Kulmány Á, Zupkó I, Orvos P, Tálosi L, Hohmann J, Vasas A. Isolation and Pharmacological Investigation of Compounds From Euphorbia matabelensis. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19863509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work deals with the isolation and pharmacological investigations of compounds of Euphorbia matabelensis. After multiple separation process, including thin layer chromatography (TLC), vacuum liquid chromatography, preparative TLC, and high-performance liquid chromatography, 1 diterpene (ingenol) and 2 flavonoids (naringenin and eriodictyol) were obtained from the methanol extracts prepared from the stems and roots of the plant. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and MS measurements and comparison with literature data. All compounds were isolated for the first time from the plant. Eriodictyol was detected for the first time from a Euphorbia species. The compounds were tested for their antiproliferative (on HeLa, C33a, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines) and GIRK channel blocking activities. None of the compounds proved to be active in these test systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hammadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kúsz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Ágnes Kulmány
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Orvos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Tálosi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Natural Products, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Vasas
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Hungary
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16
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Liang Y, An L, Shi Z, Zhang X, Xie C, Tuerhong M, Song Z, Ohizumi Y, Lee D, Shuai L, Xu J, Guo Y. Bioactive Diterpenoids from the Stems of Euphorbia antiquorum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1634-1644. [PMID: 31180680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A total of 18 diterpenoids, including 10 new analogues (1-10), were isolated from Euphorbia antiquorum. The structures were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, and circular dichroism data analysis was adopted to confirm the absolute configurations of 1-10. Compounds 1-9 were classified as ent-atisane diterpenoids, and 10 was assigned as an ent-kaurane diterpenoid. The biological evaluation of nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition was conducted, and all of these isolates showed the property of inhibiting NO generation in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 cells. Further research on molecular docking disclosed the affinities between the diterpenoids obtained and inducible nitric oxide synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun An
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xuke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Muhetaer Tuerhong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences , Kashgar University , Kashgar 844000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine , Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. , Tianjin 300410 , People's Republic of China
| | | | - Dongho Lee
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin 300350 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources , Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004 , People's Republic of China
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17
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Kúsz N, Orvos P, Bereczki L, Fertey P, Bombicz P, Csorba A, Tálosi L, Jakab G, Hohmann J, Rédei D. Diterpenoids from Euphorbia dulcis with Potassium Ion Channel Inhibitory Activity with Selective G Protein-Activated Inwardly Rectifying Ion Channel (GIRK) Blocking Effect. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2483-2492. [PMID: 30411614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nine new (1-9) and two known (10, 11) jatrophane diterpenoids were isolated from the methanol extract of Euphorbia dulcis. The structure elucidation of the compounds was performed by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS, 1D (1H, JMOD), and 2D (HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H-COSY, NOESY) NMR experiments. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The electrophysiological effects of compounds 1-11 and the five diterpenoids (12-16) previously isolated from Euphorbia taurinensis were investigated on stable transfected HEK-GIRK1/4 (Kir3.1/3.4) and HEK-hERG (Kv11.1) cell lines using automated patch-clamp equipment. The majority of the diterpenoids showed significant blocking activity on GIRK channels (60.8-88.7% at 10 μM), while compounds 1, 2, 9-11, 13, and 14 exerted notable inhibitory effects even at 1 μM concentration. None of the jatrophane diterpenoids interfered with the function of hERG proteins; however, compound 14 remarkably hampered K+ flow through hERG channels. These selective activities suggest that jatrophane diterpenoids may represent a group of potential lead compounds for the development of novel therapeutic agents against atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Bereczki
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | - Pierre Fertey
- Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers-Saint Aubin , B.P. 4891 192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex , France
| | - Petra Bombicz
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , 1117 Budapest , Hungary
| | | | | | - Gusztáv Jakab
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Water and Environmental Management , Szent István University , 5540 Szarvas , Hungary
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18
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Xiang Y, Li Z, Wang LN, Yu ZX. TfOH- and HBF4-Mediated Formal Cycloisomerizations and [4+3] Cycloadditions of Allene-alkynylbenzenes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7633-7647. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zining Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu-Ning Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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19
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20
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Esposito M, Nothias LF, Retailleau P, Costa J, Roussi F, Neyts J, Leyssen P, Touboul D, Litaudon M, Paolini J. Isolation of Premyrsinane, Myrsinane, and Tigliane Diterpenoids from Euphorbia pithyusa Using a Chikungunya Virus Cell-Based Assay and Analogue Annotation by Molecular Networking. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2051-2059. [PMID: 28671832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Six new premyrsinol esters (1-6) and one new myrsinol ester (8) were isolated from an aerial parts extract of Euphorbia pithyusa, together with a known premyrsinol (7) and two known dideoxyphorbol esters (9 and 10), following a bioactivity-guided purification procedure using a chikungunya virus (CHIKV) cell-based assay. The structures of the new diterpene esters (1-6 and 8) were elucidated by MS and NMR spectroscopic data interpretation. Compounds 1-10 were evaluated against CHIKV replication, and results showed that the 4β-dideoxyphorbol ester 10 was the most active compound, with an EC50 value of 4.0 ± 0.3 μM and a selectivity index of 10.6. To gain more insight into the structural diversity of diterpenoids produced by E. pithyusa, the initial extract and chromatographic fractions were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. The generated data were annotated using a molecular networking procedure and revealed that dozens of unknown premyrsinane, myrsinane, and tigliane analogues were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Esposito
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, UMR CNRS SPE 6134, University of Corsica , 20250, Corte, France
- Institute of Natural Substances Chemistry, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay , 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Louis-Félix Nothias
- Institute of Natural Substances Chemistry, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay , 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institute of Natural Substances Chemistry, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay , 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean Costa
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, UMR CNRS SPE 6134, University of Corsica , 20250, Corte, France
| | - Fanny Roussi
- Institute of Natural Substances Chemistry, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay , 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory for Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Laboratory for Virology and Experimental Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven , 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Touboul
- Institute of Natural Substances Chemistry, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay , 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institute of Natural Substances Chemistry, CNRS UPR 2301, University of Paris-Saclay , 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Julien Paolini
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, UMR CNRS SPE 6134, University of Corsica , 20250, Corte, France
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21
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Li Y, Fu X, Zhang Z, Yu B. Knockdown of cardiac Kir3.1 gene with siRNA can improve bradycardia in an experimental sinus bradycardia rat model. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 429:103-111. [PMID: 28205094 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore whether the inhibition of potassium inwardly rectifying channel (Kir3.1) with short interfering RNA (siRNA) can improve bradycardia in an experimental sinus bradycardia rat model. 54 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: experimental group, control group, and sham group. Sinus bradycardia model was established in SD rats through chemical ablation of sinoatrial (SA) node with 20% formaldehyde. Variations of Kir3.1 expression at mRNA and protein level were examined with qPCR and Western blotting. Electrocardiograms (ECG) of rats at 3 days and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after chemical ablation and lentivirus injection were recorded and differences were compared among the three groups. The differences among multiple groups were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). It was found through RT-PCR and Western blot that the mRNA and protein levels of Kir3.1 at sinoatrial node areas were decreased by 42 ± 7% and 31 ± 7% in comparison with control group, respectively (P < 0.05 in both comparisons) after 4 weeks of chemical ablation/injection. Whole-cell patch clamp data showed that the lentiviral construct could significantly inhibit the potassium current of a muscarinic acetylcholine-sensitive K+ channel, IKACh. ECG data showed that the heart rate of experimental group increased after 3 days of chemical ablation/injection and lasted for at least 4 weeks after the chemical ablation/injection (heart rate increased 15.4 ± 3.8% in comparison with control group, P < 0.05). Inhibition of Kir3.1 could rescue sinus bradycardia induced by chemical ablation of SA node with 20% formaldehyde at least partly through inhibiting IKACh channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing north street, No. 155, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian City, Dalian, 116091, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Nanjing north street, No. 155, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial as opposed to marine sources and includes labdanes, clerodanes, abietanes, pimaranes, kauranes, cembranes and their cyclization products. The literature from January to December, 2016 is reviewed.
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23
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Tsai JY, Rédei D, Forgo P, Li Y, Vasas A, Hohmann J, Wu CC. Isolation of Phorbol Esters from Euphorbia grandicornis and Evaluation of Protein Kinase C- and Human Platelet-Activating Effects of Euphorbiaceae Diterpenes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2658-2666. [PMID: 27731641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human platelets contain conventional (α and β) and novel isoforms of PKC (δ and θ), and PKC activation can result in platelet aggregation and secretion reaction that are important for thrombus formation. Several tumor-promoting Euphorbiaceae diterpenes are known to act as direct activators of PKC, but many types of such diterpenes have not been studied as platelet stimulators. In the present study, two new and five known phorbol esters were isolated from Euphorbia grandicornis. Two of the isolated phorbol esters together with compounds representing ingenane, jatrophane, and myrsinane structural types were studied on PKC activation and platelet stimulation. The investigated phorbol esters and ingenane esters induced blood platelet aggregation and ATP secretion. PKC activation was demonstrated by inducing membrane translocation of PKCs, phosphorylation of PKC substrates, and activation of PKC signaling pathways. The PKC-activating effect of the compounds correlated well with their efficacy to cause platelet stimulation. Moreover, by using an isoform-specific PKC inhibitor, it was found that besides conventional PKCs novel PKCs also play a positive role in platelet activation caused by phorbol/ingenane esters, especially in regulating platelet aggregation. The present results suggest that platelets afford a useful model for studying PKC activators of natural origin or their chemical derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Ying Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and ‡Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and ⊥Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged , Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Rédei
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and ‡Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and ⊥Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged , Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Forgo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and ‡Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and ⊥Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged , Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yu Li
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and ‡Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and ⊥Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged , Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Vasas
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and ‡Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and ⊥Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged , Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and ‡Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and ⊥Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged , Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products and ‡Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and ⊥Interdisciplinary Centre for Natural Products, University of Szeged , Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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