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Troncoso ME, Germanó MJ, Arrieta VJ, García Bustos MF, Cifuente D, Cargnelutti DE, Lozano ES. Antiparasitic Activity of Two Natural Terpenes from Salvia cuspidata against Leishmania amazonensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:797-803. [PMID: 36857574 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by flagellated parasites of the Leishmania genus affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. Current treatments for leishmaniasis involve the administration of poorly tolerated drugs with toxic side effects in patients. There is an imperative necessity for novel compounds to treat this disease. One of the most used strategies in the search for different antiparasitic compounds is the screening of purified plant molecules. The diterpenes 12-hydroxy-11,14-diketo-6,8,12-abietatrien-19,20-olide (HABTO) and 5-epi-icetexone (ICTX) isolated from Salvia cuspidata were shown to be effective against Leishmania amazonensis in vitro and in vivo. They displayed an antiproliferative effect against L. amazonensis promastigotes. They also induce an increase in ROS levels and affect the mitochondrial activity of parasites. HABTO and ICTX in an in vivo model of cutaneous leishmaniasis decrease footpad swelling, parasite load, and splenic index. Moreover, they induce significant reduction in the O.D. of total anti-Leishmania IgG and IgG1 subtype antibody responses against L. amazonensis compared to the PBS group but maintain high levels of IgG2a. This suggests that in HABTO- or ICTX-treated mice, there is a slowdown in the progression of the disease. These terpenes could be considered as possible novel antileishmanial agents against L. amazonensis and thus treat cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Elizabeth Troncoso
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, M5502, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Mendoza, Mendoza, M5502BZG, Argentina
| | - María José Germanó
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
| | - Victoria J Arrieta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
| | - María Fernanda García Bustos
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Salta, A4408FVY, Argentina
| | - Diego Cifuente
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigación en Tecnología Química, San Luis, 78216, Argentina
| | - Diego E Cargnelutti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, M5502, Argentina
| | - Esteban S Lozano
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Mendoza, 5500, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, M5502, Argentina
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Luu-dam NA, Le CVC, Satyal P, Le TMH, Bui VH, Vo VH, Ngo GH, Bui TC, Nguyen HH, Setzer WN. Chemistry and Bioactivity of Croton Essential Oils: Literature Survey and Croton hirtus from Vietnam. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052361. [PMID: 36903605 PMCID: PMC10005233 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Using essential oils to control vectors, intermediate hosts, and disease-causing microorganisms is a promising approach. The genus Croton in the family Euphorbiaceae is a large genus, with many species containing large amounts of essential oils, however, essential oil studies are limited in terms of the number of Croton species investigated. In this work, the aerial parts of C. hirtus growing wild in Vietnam were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 141 compounds were identified in C. hirtus essential oil, in which sesquiterpenoids dominated, comprising 95.4%, including the main components β-caryophyllene (32.8%), germacrene D (11.6%), β-elemene (9.1%), α-humulene (8.5%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.0%). The essential oil of C. hirtus showed very strong biological activities against the larvae of four mosquito species with 24 h LC50 values in the range of 15.38-78.27 μg/mL, against Physella acuta adults with a 48 h LC50 value of 10.09 μg/mL, and against ATCC microorganisms with MIC values in the range of 8-16 μg/mL. In order to provide a comparison with previous works, a literature survey on the chemical composition, mosquito larvicidal, molluscicidal, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Croton species was conducted. Seventy-two references (seventy articles and one book) out of a total of two hundred and forty-four references related to the chemical composition and bioactivity of essential oils of Croton species were used for this paper. The essential oils of some Croton species were characterized by their phenylpropanoid compounds. The experimental results of this research and the survey of the literature showed that Croton essential oils have the potential to be used to control mosquito-borne and mollusk-borne diseases, as well as microbial infections. Research on unstudied Croton species is needed to search for species with high essential oil contents and excellent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Anh Luu-dam
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
| | - Canh Viet Cuong Le
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue 530000, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Prabodh Satyal
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
| | - Thi Mai Hoa Le
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Vinh Medical University, 161 Nguyen Phong Sac, Vinh 461150, Vietnam
| | - Van Huong Bui
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Graduate University of Science and Technology, No. 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi 100803, Vietnam
| | - Van Hoa Vo
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Gia Huy Ngo
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 5000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Chinh Bui
- Faculty of Biology, University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi St., Hue 530000, Vietnam
| | - Huy Hung Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 5000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +84-967036828
| | - William N. Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
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Schäfer I, Müller E, Naucke TJ. Ein Update zur Leishmaniose des Hundes: Diagnostik, Therapie und Monitoring. TIERÄRZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE K: KLEINTIERE / HEIMTIERE 2022; 50:431-445. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1970-9590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungAufgrund von steigenden Importzahlen von Hunden aus dem Ausland, zunehmendem Reiseverkehr sowie den Veränderungen klimatischer Bedingungen in Europa gewinnen Infektionen mit Leishmania (L.) infantum bei Hunden in Deutschland zunehmend an Bedeutung. Daher sollten auch Hunde aus dem Ausland, die keine klinischen Symptome zeigen, direkt nach Import sowie erneut 6 Monate später auf vektorübertragene Infektionserreger getestet werden. Bei Hunden mit klinischer Symptomatik, die hinweisend auf eine Leishmaniose sind, werden direkte und indirekte Nachweisverfahren sowie eine hämatologische und biochemische Untersuchung unter Einbezug von Serumeiweißelektrophorese sowie Bestimmung des C-reaktiven Proteins empfohlen. Als Leitfaden für die Therapie sowie das Monitoring stehen die LeishVet-Guidelines zur Verfügung. Es stehen leishmanizide und leishmaniostatische Wirkstoffe zur Verfügung, die in first-line, second-line und third-line unterschieden werden. Zur Anpassung der Allopurinol-Dosierung wird der Stufenplan empfohlen. Aufgrund der Veränderung der klimatischen Bedingungen kommt es zu einer Ausbreitung der Habitate von Sandmücken, die als Vektoren der Leishmaniose bekannt sind. Als weitere Infektionsquellen sind Deckakte, transplazentare Infektionen, Bisswunden und Bluttransfusionen beschrieben. Leishmania infantum hat zoonotisches Potential und ist daher auch in Hinblick auf den „One-Health“-Gedanken bedeutend.
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Ramazani E, Akaberi M, Emami SA, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Pharmacological and biological effects of alpha-bisabolol: An updated review of the molecular mechanisms. Life Sci 2022; 304:120728. [PMID: 35753438 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-bisabolol (α-bisabolol), an unsaturated monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, is known as one of the "most-used herbal constituents" in the world. Various therapeutic and biological properties of α-bisabolol in preventing oxidative stress, inflammatory disorders, infections, neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders have been reported. In this review, we evaluated new findings regarding the molecular mechanisms of α-bisabolol published from 2010 until 2021 in PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus. The antioxidant mechanism of α-bisabolol is mainly associated with the reduction of ROS/RNS, MDA, and GSH depletion, MPO activity, and augmentation of SOD and CAT. Additionally, upregulating the expression of bcl-2 and suppression of bax, P53, APAF-1, caspase-3, and caspase-9 activity indicates the anti-apoptotic effects of α- bisabolol. It possesses anti-inflammatory effects via reduction of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2 and suppresses the activation of ERK1/2, JNK, NF-κB, and p38. The antimicrobial effect is mediated by inhibiting the viability of infected cells and improves cognitive function via downregulation of bax, cleaved caspases-3 and 9 levels, β-secretase, cholinesterase activities, and upregulation of bcl-2 levels. Finally, due to multiple biological activities, α-bisabolol is worthy to be subjected to clinical trials to achieve new insights into its beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ramazani
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Health Benefits, Pharmacological Effects, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential of α-Bisabolol. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071370. [PMID: 35405982 PMCID: PMC9002489 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Bisabolol is one of the important monocyclic sesquiterpenes, derived naturally from essential oils of many edible and ornamental plants. It was first obtained from Matricaria chamomilla, commonly known as chamomile or German chamomile. The available literature indicates that this plant along with other α-Bisabolol containing plants is popularly used in traditional medicine for potential health benefits and general wellbeing. Nutritional studies are indicative of the health benefits of α-Bisabolol. Numerous experimental studies demonstrated pharmacological properties of α-Bisabolol including anticancer, antinociceptive, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and antimicrobial. This review aims to collectively present different pharmacological activities based on both in vitro and in vivo studies. In the present review using synoptic tables and figures, we comprehensively present that α-Bisabolol possesses therapeutic and protective activities, therefore, it can be used for potential health benefits based on pharmacological effects, underlying molecular mechanism, and favorable pharmaceutical properties. Based on the studies mostly performed on cell lines or animal models, it is evident that α-Bisabolol may be a promising nutraceutical and phytomedicine to target aberrant biological mechanisms which result in altered physiological processes and various ailments. Given the polypharmacological effects and pleiotropic properties, along with favorable pharmacokinetics, and dietary availability and safety, α-Bisabolol can be used as a dietary agent, nutraceutical or phytopharmaceutical agent or as an adjuvant with currently available modern medicines. The regulatory approval of this molecule for use as food additives, and in cosmetics and fragrance industry is also supportive of its human usage. Moreover, further studies are necessary to address pharmaceutical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects before clinical or nutritional usage in humans. The biological actions and health benefits open opportunities for pharmaceutical development with pharmacological basis of its use in future therapeutics.
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Park J, Han F, Lee IS. Biotransformation of (-)-α-Bisabolol by Absidia coerulea. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030881. [PMID: 35164145 PMCID: PMC8840173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(−)-α-Bisabolol, a bioactive monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol, has been used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and skin-caring properties. However, the poor water solubility of (−)-α-bisabolol limits its pharmaceutical applications. It has been recognized that microbial transformation is a very useful approach to generate more polar metabolites. Fifteen microorganisms were screened for their ability to metabolize (−)-α-bisabolol in order to obtain its more polar derivatives, and the filamentous fungus Absidia coerulea was selected for scale-up fermentation. Seven new and four known metabolites were obtained from biotransformation of (−)-α-bisabolol (1), and all the metabolites exhibited higher aqueous solubility than that of the parent compound 1. The structures of newly formed metabolites were established as (1R,5R,7S)- and (1R,5S,7S)-5-hydroxy-α-bisabolol (2 and 3), (1R,5R,7S,10S)-5-hydroxybisabolol oxide B (4), (1R,7S,10S)-1-hydroxybisabolol oxide B (5), 12-hydroxy-α-bisabolol (7), (1S,3R,4S,7S)- and (1S,3S,4S,7S)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-bisabolol (8 and 10) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. These compounds could also be used as reference standards for the detection and identification of the metabolic products of 1 in the mammalian system.
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Gervazoni LFO, Barcellos GB, Ferreira-Paes T, Almeida-Amaral EE. Use of Natural Products in Leishmaniasis Chemotherapy: An Overview. Front Chem 2020; 8:579891. [PMID: 33330368 PMCID: PMC7732490 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.579891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious parasitic disease that is caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, a member of the Trypanosomatidae family. Leishmaniasis is classified by the World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease that is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. Although there are many possible treatments for leishmaniasis, these treatments remain mostly ineffective, expensive, and long treatment, as well as causing side effects and leading to the development of resistance. For novel and effective treatments to combat leishmaniasis, many research groups have sought to utilize natural products. In addition to exhibiting potential as therapeutic compounds, natural products may also contribute to the development of new drugs based on their chemical structures. This review presents the most promising natural products, including crude extracts and isolated compounds, employed against Leishmania spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza F O Gervazoni
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle B Barcellos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taiana Ferreira-Paes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elmo E Almeida-Amaral
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatideos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Okuda-Hanafusa C, Uchio R, Fuwa A, Kawasaki K, Muroyama K, Yamamoto Y, Murosaki S. Turmeronol A and turmeronol B from Curcuma longa prevent inflammatory mediator production by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, partially via reduced NF-κB signaling. Food Funct 2019; 10:5779-5788. [PMID: 31454011 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00336c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation depends on inflammatory mediators produced by activated macrophages and is the common pathological basis for various diseases. Turmeronol is a sesquiterpenoid found in the spice turmeric (Curcuma longa), which is known to have anti-inflammatory activity. To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of turmeronol, we investigated the influence of turmeronol A and turmeronol B in mouse macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Pretreatment of RAW264.7 cells with either turmeronol A or B significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide, as well as expression of mRNAs for the corresponding synthetic enzymes. In addition, the turmeronols significantly inhibited LPS-induced upregulation of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α at the mRNA and protein levels. Both turmeronols also inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), with a similar time course to the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, but not curcumin (another NF-κB inhibitor). Thus, both turmeronols prevented activation of macrophages and inflammatory mediator production, possibly by suppressing activation of NF-κB, and therefore have potential for use in preventing chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinatsu Okuda-Hanafusa
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami City, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan.
| | - Ryusei Uchio
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami City, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan.
| | - Arisa Fuwa
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami City, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan.
| | - Kengo Kawasaki
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami City, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan.
| | - Koutarou Muroyama
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami City, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami City, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan.
| | - Shinji Murosaki
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corporation, 3-20 Imoji, Itami City, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan.
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Moraes Neto RN, Setúbal RFB, Higino TMM, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, da Silva LCN, Aliança ASDS. Asteraceae Plants as Sources of Compounds Against Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:477. [PMID: 31156427 PMCID: PMC6530400 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease cause great impact on social and economic aspects of people living in developing countries. The treatments for these diseases are based on the same regimen for over 40 years, thus, there is an urgent need for the development of new drugs. In this scenario, Asteraceae plants (a family widely used in folk medicine worldwide) are emerging as an interesting source for new trypanocidal and leishmanicidal compounds. Herein, we provide a non-exhaustive review about the activity of plant-derived products from Asteraceae with inhibitory action toward Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi. Special attention was given to those studies aiming the isolation (or identification) of the bioactive compounds. Ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and ursolic acid (Baccharis uncinella DC.) were efficient to treat experimental leishmaniasis; while deoxymikanolide (Mikania micrantha) and (+)-15-hydroxy-labd-7-en-17-al (Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam.) showed in vivo anti-T. cruzi action. It is also important to highlight that several plant-derived products (compounds, essential oils) from Artemisia plants have shown high inhibitory potential against Leishmania spp., such as artemisinin and its derivatives. In summary, these compounds may help the development of new effective agents against these neglected diseases.
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Chemical Constituents with Leishmanicidal Activity from a Pink-Yellow Cultivar of Lantana camara var. aculeata (L.) Collected in Central Mexico. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040872. [PMID: 30781602 PMCID: PMC6413047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lantana camara (L.) is employed by several ethnical groups to treat numerous diseases. Although there are no ethnomedical reports on its use against leishmaniasis, organic extracts prepared from L. camara were shown to display leishmanicidal activity. In the present study, we carried out a bioassay-guided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract from Mexican L. camara in order to identify the compounds responsible for the leishmanicidal activity. Eighteen chromatographic fractions (FI⁻FXVIII) were evaluated in vitro against Leishmania mexicana and L. amazonensis. FII, FX, FXI, FXV, and FXVI showed significant activity against both Leishmania strains, the most potent of which was FXV. Eicosane (1), squalene (2), β-ionone (3), caryophyllene oxide (4), β-caryophyllene (5), hexanoic acid (6), tiglic acid (7), a mixture of lantanilic (8) and camaric (9) acids, and lantadene B (10) were identified and obtained from the active fractions and evaluated for their leishmanicidal activity. The mixture of lantanilic (8) and camaric (9) acids (79%/21%) was the most potent one (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 12.02 ± 0.36 μM). This study indicates that this cultivar of L. camara has high potential for the development of phytomedicines or as a source of natural products, which might represent lead compounds for the design of new drugs against leishmaniasis.
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α-Bisabolol abrogates isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction and intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:89-102. [PMID: 30159796 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays crucial role in the pathologenesis of myocardial infarction (MI). The present study evaluated the protective effect of α-bisabolol against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in rats. Male albino Wistar rats were pre- and co-treated with intraperitoneal injection of α-bisabolol (25 mg/kg body weight) daily for 10 days. To induce experimental MI, ISO (85 mg/kg body weight) was injected subcutaneously to the rats at an interval of 24 h for 2 days (9th and 10th day). ISO-induced MI was indicated by the decreased activities of heart creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in rats. ISO administration also enhanced the concentrations of heart mitochondrial lipid peroxidation products and decreased the activities/concentrations of mitochondrial antioxidants, Kreb's cycle dehydrogenases and mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I, II + III and IV in rats. Furthermore, ISO triggers calcium overload and ATP depletion in the rat's heart mitochondria followed by the mitochondrial cytochrome-C release and the activation of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis by upregulating the myocardial pro-apoptotic Bax, P53, APAF-1, active caspase-3, active caspase-9 and down regulating the expressions of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. α-Bisabolol pre and co-treatment showed considerable protective effects on all the biochemical and molecular parameters studied. Transmission electron microscopic study and mitochondrial swelling assay confirmed our biochemical and molecular findings. The in vitro study on hydroxyl radical also revealed the potent free radical scavenging activity of α-bisabolol. Thus, α-bisabolol attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction and intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in ISO-induced myocardial infarcted rats.
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Nuutinen T. Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:198-228. [PMID: 30096653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cannabaceae plants Cannabis sativa L. and Humulus lupulus L. are rich in terpenes - both are typically comprised of terpenes as up to 3-5% of the dry-mass of the female inflorescence. Terpenes of cannabis and hops are typically simple mono- and sesquiterpenes derived from two and three isoprene units, respectively. Some terpenes are relatively well known for their potential in biomedicine and have been used in traditional medicine for centuries, while others are yet to be studied in detail. The current, comprehensive review presents terpenes found in cannabis and hops. Terpenes' medicinal properties are supported by numerous in vitro, animal and clinical trials and show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anticonvulsive, antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticancer, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-mutagenic, anti-allergic, antibiotic and anti-diabetic attributes, among others. Because of the very low toxicity, these terpenes are already widely used as food additives and in cosmetic products. Thus, they have been proven safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarmo Nuutinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Univerisity of Eastern Finland (UEF), Finland; Department of Physics and Mathematics, UEF, Finland.
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13
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Leishmanicidal activity of α-bisabolol from Tunisian chamomile essential oil. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2855-2867. [PMID: 29955971 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, leishmaniasis is considered as a major neglected tropical disease causing an enormous impact on global public health. Available treatments were complicated due to the high resistance, toxicity, and high cost. Therefore, the search for novel sources of anti-leishmania agents is an urgent need. In the present study, an in vitro evaluation of the leishmanicidal activity of the essential oil of Tunisian chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) was carried out. Chamomile essential oil exhibits a good activity on promastigotes forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum with a low inhibitory concentration at 50% (IC50) (10.8 ± 1.4 and 10.4 ± 0.6 μg/mL, respectively). Bio-guided fractionation was developed and led to the identification of (-)-α-bisabolol as the most active molecule with low IC50 (16.0 ± 1.2 and 9.5 ± 0.1 μg/mL for L. amazonensis and L. infantum, respectively). This isolated sesquiterpene alcohol was studied for its activity on amastigotes forms (IC50 = 5.9 ± 1.2 and 4.8 ± 1.3 μg/mL, respectively) and its cytotoxicity (selectivity indexes (SI) were 5.4 and 6.6, respectively). The obtained results showed that (-)-α-bisabolol was able to activate a programmed cell death process in the promastigote stage of the parasite. It causes phosphatidylserine externalization and membrane damage. Moreover, it decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential and total ATP levels. These results highlight the potential use of (-)-α-bisabolol against both L. amazonensis and L. infantum, and further studies should be undertaken to establish it as novel leishmanicidal therapeutic agents.
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14
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Corpas-López V, Merino-Espinosa G, Acedo-Sánchez C, Díaz-Sáez V, Navarro-Moll MC, Morillas-Márquez F, Martín-Sánchez J. Effectiveness of the sesquiterpene (-)-α-bisabolol in dogs with naturally acquired canine leishmaniosis: an exploratory clinical trial. Vet Res Commun 2018; 42:121-130. [PMID: 29453596 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-018-9714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural products is a promising approach for treating visceral leishmaniosis. (-)-α-Bisabolol is a sesquiterpene that have been proved active in vivo on Leishmania infantum-infected mice without showing toxicity. A single-centre, parallel-group, randomized, exploratory study was designed to assess its efficacy in a canine leishmaniosis model involving naturally infected dogs. In this clinical trial, 12 dogs were allocated into two groups and were treated with either meglumine antimoniate (100 mg/kg) through subcutaneous route or (-)-α-bisabolol (30 mg/kg) through oral route for two treatment series of 30 days, separated by a 30-day interval. A 4-month follow-up period was established as well. Parasite loads in bone marrow, lymph node and blood were estimated through quantitative PCR. Antibody titres were determined through immunofluorescence antibody test and cytokine expression values were estimated through real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Treatment safety was assessed through the evaluation of weight, gastrointestinal alterations and hematological and biochemical parameters in blood. Analyses were performed before and after treatment, and after a 4-months follow-up period. Treatment with the sesquiterpene was effective at decreasing parasite loads and increasing gamma-interferon expression level. Dogs treated with (-)-α-bisabolol did not show any toxicity sign. These results were better than those obtained using the reference drug, meglumine antimoniate. The natural compound seemed to induce a Th1 immune response that led to parasitological and clinical improvement without showing any safety issue, suggesting a high potential for the treatment of canine and human visceral leishmaniosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Corpas-López
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Granada, 18011, Spain.
| | - G Merino-Espinosa
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Granada, 18011, Spain
| | - C Acedo-Sánchez
- ANLAVE Laboratorio de Análisis Veterinario, Avenida de Pulianas 15, 18013, Granada, Spain
| | - V Díaz-Sáez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Granada, 18011, Spain
| | - M C Navarro-Moll
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Granada, 18011, Spain
| | - F Morillas-Márquez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Granada, 18011, Spain
| | - J Martín-Sánchez
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja, Granada, 18011, Spain.
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15
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Teixeira GFD, Vieira-Neto AE, da Costa FN, e Silva ARA, Campos AR. Antinociceptive effect of (-)-α-bisabolol in nanocapsules. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:946-950. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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