1
|
Zhang L, Yong YY, Deng L, Wang J, Law BYK, Hu ML, Wu JM, Yu L, Wong VKW, Yu CL, Qin DL, Zhou XG, Wu AG. Therapeutic potential of Polygala saponins in neurological diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154483. [PMID: 36260972 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many types of neurological diseases with complex etiologies. At present, most clinical drugs can only relieve symptoms but cannot cure these diseases. Radix Polygalae, a famous traditional Chinese medicine from the root of plants of the genus Polygala, has the traditional effect of treating insomnia, forgetfulness, and palpitation and improving intelligence and other symptoms of neurological diseases. Saponins are important bioactive components of plants of the genus Polygala and exhibit neuroprotective effects. PURPOSE This review aimed to summarize the traditional use of Polygala species and discuss the latest phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological findings, mainly with regard to Polygala saponins in the treatment of neurological disorders. METHODS Literature was searched and collected using databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, CNKI, and Google Scholar. The search terms used included "Polygala", "saponins", "neurological diseases", "Alzheimer's disease", "toxicity", etc., and combinations of these keywords. A total of 1202 papers were retrieved until August 2022, and we included 135 of these papers on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and other fields. RESULTS This literature review mainly reports on the traditional use of the Polygala genus and prescriptions containing Radix Polygalae in neurological diseases. Phytochemical studies have shown that plants of the genus Polygala mainly include saponins, flavonoids, oligosaccharide esters, alkaloids, coumarins, lignans, flavonoids, etc. Among them, saponins are the majority. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Polygala saponins have neuroprotective effects on a variety of neurological diseases. Its mechanism of action involves autophagic degradation of misfolded proteins, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidative stress and so on. Toxicological studies have shown that Polygala saponins trigger gastrointestinal toxicity, and honey processing and glycosyl disruption of Polygala saponins can effectively ameliorate its gastrointestinal side effect. CONCLUSION Polygala saponins are the major bioactive components in plants of the genus Polygala that exhibit therapeutic potential in various neurological diseases. This review provides directions for the future study of Polygala saponins and references for the clinical use of prescriptions containing Radix Polygalae for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yong
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Lan Deng
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 99078, PR. China
| | - Meng-Ling Hu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Vincent Kam-Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR 99078, PR. China
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China.
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China.
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Materia Medica, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, PR. China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Phytochemical investigation on Raphanus sativus L. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
3
|
Yao H, Yang F, Li Y. Natural products targeting human lactate dehydrogenases for cancer therapy: A mini review. Front Chem 2022; 10:1013670. [PMID: 36247675 PMCID: PMC9556992 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1013670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming cancer metabolism has become the hallmark of cancer progression. As the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate to lactate in aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells, human lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has been a promising target in the discovery of anticancer agents. Natural products are important sources of new drugs. Up to now, some natural compounds have been reported with the activity to target LDH. To give more information on the development of LDH inhibitors and application of natural products, herein, we reviewed the natural compounds with inhibition of LDH from diverse structures and discussed the future direction of the discovery of natural LDH inhibitors for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huankai Yao
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Huankai Yao,
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Stomatology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Phytochemicals as Regulators of Tumor Glycolysis and Hypoxia Signaling Pathways: Evidence from In Vitro Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070808. [PMID: 35890106 PMCID: PMC9315613 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The full understanding of the complex nature of cancer still faces many challenges, as cancers arise not as a result of a single target disruption but rather involving successive genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to multiple altered metabolic pathways. In this light, the need for a multitargeted, safe and effective therapy becomes essential. Substantial experimental evidence upholds the potential of plant-derived compounds to interfere in several important pathways, such as tumor glycolysis and the upstream regulating mechanisms of hypoxia. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the natural compounds which demonstrated, in vitro studies, an effective anticancer activity by affecting key regulators of the glycolytic pathway such as glucose transporters, hexokinases, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase or lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, we assessed how phytochemicals could interfere in HIF-1 synthesis, stabilization, accumulation, and transactivation, emphasizing PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways as important signaling cascades in HIF-1 activation. Special consideration was given to cell culture-based metabolomics as one of the most sensitive, accurate, and comprising approaches for understanding the response of cancer cell metabolome to phytochemicals.
Collapse
|
5
|
Iannuzzi AM, Giacomelli C, De Leo M, Russo L, Camangi F, De Tommasi N, Braca A, Martini C, Trincavelli ML. Cornus sanguinea Fruits: a Source of Antioxidant and Antisenescence Compounds Acting on Aged Human Dermal and Gingival Fibroblasts. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:879-891. [PMID: 33860477 DOI: 10.1055/a-1471-6666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Five new compounds, a flavonol glycoside ( 1: ), a megastigmane ( 2: ), 2 cyclohexylethanoids ( 3, 4: ), and a phenylethanoid derivative ( 5: ), together with 15 known compounds ( 6: - 20: ) including flavonoid glycosides, cyclohexylethanoids, and phenolic compounds, have been isolated from Cornus sanguinea drupes. All the structures have been determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry data. The antioxidant capability of the most representative isolated compounds was evaluated in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced premature cellular senescence model of human dermal and gingival fibroblasts. Several derivatives counteracted the increase of reactive oxigen species (ROS) production in both cellular models. Among the most promising, compounds 8, 14: , and 20: were able to counteract cell senescence, decreasing the expression of p21 and p53. Furthermore, compound 14: decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) in both cell models and counteracted the decrease of collagen expression induced by the H2O2 in dermal human fibroblasts. These data highlight the anti-aging properties of several isolated compounds from C. sanguinea drupes, supporting its possible use in the cure of skin or periodontitis lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Russo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabiano Camangi
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Studi Universitari e di Perfezionamento, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Braca
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Trincavelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca "Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- CISUP, Centre for Instrumentation Sharing, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Identification of phenolic compounds in Australian grown dragon fruits by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and determination of their antioxidant potential. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
7
|
Granchi C, Bononi G, Ferrisi R, Gori E, Mantini G, Glasmacher S, Poli G, Palazzolo S, Caligiuri I, Rizzolio F, Canzonieri V, Perin T, Gertsch J, Sodi A, Giovannetti E, Macchia M, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T, Chicca A. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of second-generation benzoylpiperidine derivatives as reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112857. [PMID: 33045662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An interesting enzyme of the endocannabinoid system is monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). This enzyme, which metabolizes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), has attracted great interest due to its involvement in several physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer progression. Experimental evidences highlighted some drawbacks associated with the use of irreversible MAGL inhibitors in vivo, therefore the research field concerning reversible inhibitors is rapidly growing. In the present manuscript, the class of benzoylpiperidine-based MAGL inhibitors was further expanded and optimized. Enzymatic assays identified some compounds in the low nanomolar range and steered molecular dynamics simulations predicted the dissociation itinerary of one of the best compounds from the enzyme, confirming the observed structure-activity relationship. Biological evaluation, including assays in intact U937 cells and competitive activity-based protein profiling experiments in mouse brain membranes, confirmed the selectivity of the selected compounds for MAGL versus other components of the endocannabinoid system. An antiproliferative ability in a panel of cancer cell lines highlighted their potential as potential anticancer agents. Future studies on the potential use of these compounds in the clinical setting are also supported by the inhibition of cell growth observed both in cancer organoids derived from high grade serous ovarian cancer patients and in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma primary cells, which showed genetic and histological features very similar to the primary tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Bononi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ferrisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Mantini
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Via Giovannini 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Glasmacher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Palazzolo
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University, 30123, Venezia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Eye Clinic, University of Florence, AOU Careggi, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, DeBoelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, Via Giovannini 13, 56017, San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Macchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lautié E, Russo O, Ducrot P, Boutin JA. Unraveling Plant Natural Chemical Diversity for Drug Discovery Purposes. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:397. [PMID: 32317969 PMCID: PMC7154113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening and testing of extracts against a variety of pharmacological targets in order to benefit from the immense natural chemical diversity is a concern in many laboratories worldwide. And several successes have been recorded in finding new actives in natural products, some of which have become new drugs or new sources of inspiration for drugs. But in view of the vast amount of research on the subject, it is surprising that not more drug candidates were found. In our view, it is fundamental to reflect upon the approaches of such drug discovery programs and the technical processes that are used, along with their inherent difficulties and biases. Based on an extensive survey of recent publications, we discuss the origin and the variety of natural chemical diversity as well as the strategies to having the potential to embrace this diversity. It seemed to us that some of the difficulties of the area could be related with the technical approaches that are used, so the present review begins with synthetizing some of the more used discovery strategies, exemplifying some key points, in order to address some of their limitations. It appears that one of the challenges of natural product-based drug discovery programs should be an easier access to renewable sources of plant-derived products. Maximizing the use of the data together with the exploration of chemical diversity while working on reasonable supply of natural product-based entities could be a way to answer this challenge. We suggested alternative ways to access and explore part of this chemical diversity with in vitro cultures. We also reinforced how important it was organizing and making available this worldwide knowledge in an "inventory" of natural products and their sources. And finally, we focused on strategies based on synthetic biology and syntheses that allow reaching industrial scale supply. Approaches based on the opportunities lying in untapped natural plant chemical diversity are also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lautié
- Centro de Valorização de Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia (CVACBA)-Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Olivier Russo
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
| | - Pierre Ducrot
- Molecular Modelling Department, 'PEX Biotechnologie, Chimie & Biologie, Institut de Recherches SERVIER, Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lacaille-Dubois MA, Delaude C, Mitaine-Offer AC. A review on the phytopharmacological studies of the genus Polygala. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112417. [PMID: 31765761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Polygala, the most representative genus of the Polygalaceae family, comprises more than 600 species from all over the world of which around 40 are distributed in China, some of them, being used in the Traditional Chinese Medicine system. AIM OF THE REVIEW We intend to discuss the current knowledge about the traditional uses, and the newest phytochemical and pharmacological achievements with tentative elucidation of the mechanism of action on the genus Polygala covering the period 2013-2019 to provide a scientific support to the traditional uses, and to critically analyze the reported studies to obtain new insights for further researches. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data were systematically collected from the scientific electronic data bases including SciFinder, Scopus, Elsevier, PubMed and Google Scholar. RESULTS This literature overview reported several traditional uses of different species of Polygala, mainly against wounds, inflammation, cardiovascular and central nervous system disorders. P. altomontana, P caudata, P. flavescens, P. glomerata, P. japonica, P. molluginifolia, P. sibirica, P. tenuifolia are the main species which have been studied in the last few years. Phytochemical studies showed that they contain triterpene saponins, triterpenes, terpenoids, xanthones, flavonoids, coumarins, oligosaccharide esters, styryl-pyrones, benzophenones, and polysaccharides. Pharmacological in vitro and in vivo studies and proposal of the mechanisms of action indicated that pure constituents and extracts of Polygala ssp exhibited significant anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antiischemic, antidepressant, sedative, analgesic, antiatherosclerosis, antitumor and enzyme inhibitory properties. CONCLUSION This review on traditional uses and phytopharmacological potential of the genus Polygala revealed updated insights which can be explored for further mechanism-based pharmacological activities and structure/activity relationships studies and a better comprehension of the development of Chinese medicine preparations. However some pharmacological studies showed several gaps such as incomplete methodologies and ambiguous findings. More high scientific quality preclinical studies with pharmacokinetic considerations will be required in the future to assess the traditional uses of some species of this genus. This might lead to efficacy and safety issues in clinical trials and to potential medicinal applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, (PEPITE EA 4267), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculté de Pharmacie, 7, Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France.
| | - Clément Delaude
- Centre de Recherche Phytochimique, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie-B6, Sart Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Claire Mitaine-Offer
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, (PEPITE EA 4267), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Faculté de Pharmacie, 7, Bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
D'Andrea F, Vagelli G, Granchi C, Guazzelli L, Tuccinardi T, Poli G, Iacopini D, Minutolo F, Di Bussolo V. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Glycoconjugated LDH Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:E3520. [PMID: 31569409 PMCID: PMC6804087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of known biologically active molecules to carbohydrate frameworks represents a valuable option for the preparation of hybrid, structurally-related families of compounds with the aim of modulating their biological response. Therefore, we present here a study on the preparation of d-galacto, d-manno, d-gluco, and d-lactose glycoconjugates of an established N-hydroxyindole-based (NHI) inhibitor of lactated dehydrogenase (LDH). Structural variations involved the sugar stereochemistry and size as well as the anchoring point of the NHI on the carbohydrate frame (either C-1 or C-6). In the case of the galactose anomeric glycoconjugate (C-1), intriguing solvent-dependent effects were observed in the glycosylation stereochemical outcome. The biological activity of the deprotected glycoconjugates in contrasting lactate formation and cancer cell proliferation are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Vagelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulio Poli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Dalila Iacopini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Valeria Di Bussolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 3, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The influence of Echinacea purpurea leaf microbiota on chicoric acid level. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10897. [PMID: 31350520 PMCID: PMC6659708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The controversial anti-proliferative effects of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (Asteraceae) might be related to different plant metabolites contained in plant samples, extracts and products. The influence of bacterial endophytes on the synthesis of bioactive compounds in the medicinal plants has been previously demonstrated but there are only few studies addressing anticancer effects and mechanisms of E. purpurea extracts following endophytic colonization. The present study aimed to test and compare the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibition potential of n-hexane and methanol extracts from in vitro endophyte non-inoculated and inoculated E. purpurea plants. An in vitro model was previously set up to perform the infection of axenic E. purpurea plants with bacterial endophytic strains isolated from E. purpurea aerial part. Only methanol extracts showed LDH5 inhibition, in particular the richest in chicoric acid and most strongly inhibiting extract was obtained from inoculated stem and leaves of E. purpurea (IC50 = 0.9 mg/ml). Chicoric acid showed an IC50 value (66.7 µM) in enzymatic assays better than that of the reference compound galloflavin. Modeling studies were carried out to suggest the putative interaction mode of chicoric acid in the enzyme active site. This in vitro model on plant-bacterial interaction may lead to obtain extracts from plants enriched in bioactive compounds and it is a new approach for the discovery of novel anticancer compounds.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kozachok S, Pecio Ł, Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J, Marchyshyn S, Nowak P, Mołdoch J, Oleszek W. γ-Pyrone compounds: flavonoids and maltol glucoside derivatives from Herniaria glabra L. collected in the Ternopil region of the Ukraine. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 152:213-222. [PMID: 29783188 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical investigation of the whole plant extracts of Herniaria glabra L. (Caryophyllaceae) led to the identification and isolation of four known flavonoids, one known and three undescribed maltol derivatives, and benzyl β-gentiobioside. The structures were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, as well as HRESIMS data. For the first time in Herniaria genus, as well as in Caryophylaceae family the presence of apiorutin {quercetin 3-O-[(D-apio-β-d-furanosyl-(1 → 2)-O-[-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside]} and licoagroside B {maltol 3-O-[6-O-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)]-β-d-glucopyranoside} were revealed. Additionally, antioxidant actions of apiorutin, rutin, narcissin (isorhamentin 3-O-β-d-rutinoside) and licoagroside B were assessed in human blood plasma, exposed to the peroxynitrite-induced oxidative stress in vitro. The isolates partly reduced oxidative (oxidation of thiol groups) and nitrative (tyrosine nitration) damage to blood plasma proteins, decreased plasma lipid peroxidation as well as enhanced the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity of blood plasma. No cytotoxicity of the examined substances towards peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomiia Kozachok
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University Maidan Voli 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Svitlana Marchyshyn
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University Maidan Voli 1, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Pawel Nowak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Jarosław Mołdoch
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Belaabed S, De Leo M, Velotto S, Malafronte N, D’Ambola M. A new glucosidic iridoid from Isodon rubescens. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
14
|
Camero CM, Germanò MP, Rapisarda A, D’Angelo V, Amira S, Benchikh F, Braca A, De Leo M. Anti-angiogenic activity of iridoids from Galium tunetanum. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|