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Xu L, Ma H, An X, Zhang T, Lai D, Zhou L, Wang M. Total Synthesis, structure revision and antifungal activity of palmarumycin B 8 and B 7. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107479. [PMID: 38772292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Palmarymycins B8 (1), its regioisomer (2) and B7 (3) were synthesized via 10-, 9-, and 11-steps in 6.5 %, 2.3 % and 0.54 % overall yields from chroman-4-one (4), 4-hydroxyindanone (12), and 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (20) as the starting materials, using benzyl protection, enol trimethylsilyl ether by TMSOTf, Rubottom oxidation and deprotection with hydrogenation under Pd/C catalyst as the key steps, respectively. Their structures were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and HR-ESI-MS spectral data. The structure of palmarumycin B8 was revised from 1 to 2 based on the total synthesis, 2D NMR analysis and DFT calculation. The antifungal assay results indicated that palmarumycin B8 (1) showed moderate inhibitory activity against Phytophthora capsica. Compounds 15 and 16 exhibited excellent in vitro antifungal activities against P. capsica with EC50 values of 2.17 and 8.50 μg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leichuan Xu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Hebei Shengxue Dacheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Luancheng District 051432, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haoyun Ma
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinkun An
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingan Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Elyashberg M, Tyagarajan S, Mandal M, Buevich AV. Enhancing Efficiency of Natural Product Structure Revision: Leveraging CASE and DFT over Total Synthesis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093796. [PMID: 37175206 PMCID: PMC10180399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products remain one of the major sources of coveted, biologically active compounds. Each isolated compound undergoes biological testing, and its structure is usually established using a set of spectroscopic techniques (NMR, MS, UV-IR, ECD, VCD, etc.). However, the number of erroneously determined structures remains noticeable. Structure revisions are very costly, as they usually require extensive use of spectroscopic data, computational chemistry, and total synthesis. The cost is particularly high when a biologically active compound is resynthesized and the product is inactive because its structure is wrong and remains unknown. In this paper, we propose using Computer-Assisted Structure Elucidation (CASE) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods as tools for preventive verification of the originally proposed structure, and elucidation of the correct structure if the original structure is deemed to be incorrect. We examined twelve real cases in which structure revisions of natural products were performed using total synthesis, and we showed that in each of these cases, time-consuming total synthesis could have been avoided if CASE and DFT had been applied. In all described cases, the correct structures were established within minutes of using the originally published NMR and MS data, which were sometimes incomplete or had typos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Elyashberg
- Advanced Chemistry Development Inc. (ACD/Labs), Toronto, ON M5C 1B5, Canada
| | | | - Mihir Mandal
- Medicinal Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Alexei V Buevich
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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Kong J, Zhang F, Zhang C, Chang W, Liu L, Li J. An efficient electrochemical oxidation of C(sp3)-H bond for the synthesis of arylketones. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Xu L, Ma H, An X, Li Y, Zhang Q, Liu X, Wang M. Total synthesis, structure revision and cytotoxic activity of Sch 53825 and its derivatives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17629-17636. [PMID: 35765427 PMCID: PMC9194939 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02898k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first total synthesis of Sch 53825 (14) was achieved in 12 steps from 5-hydroxy-1-tetralone in 16% overall yield through N-benzyl cinchoninium chloride-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation and a Mitsunobu reaction as the key steps. On this basis, the synthesis of palmarumycin B6 was improved using the same raw material with 6 steps and 32% overall yield. Also, three new analogues with two chlorine atoms were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, HR-ESI-MS and X-ray diffraction data. The structure of natural Sch 53825 was revised as an epimer of compound 1 with the anti-hydroxy epoxide at C-4. Their cytotoxic activities against several tumor cell lines (HCT116, U251, BGC823, Huh-7 and PC9) showed that compound 11 exhibited excellent cytotoxicity against above mentioned cancer cell lines with IC50 < 0.5 μM. The first total synthesis of Sch 53825 (14) was achieved in 12 steps from 5-hydroxy-1-tetralone in 16% overall yield through N-benzyl cinchoninium chloride-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation and a Mitsunobu reaction as the key steps.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Leichuan Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyun Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinkun An
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
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Liu X, Xu L, An X, Jiang J, Wang M. Synthesis and Larvicidal Activity of Palmarumycin B 6 Analogues. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kang GF, Zhang G. One-pot synthesis of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithione derivatives via three-component reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1447-1455. [PMID: 32647546 PMCID: PMC7323627 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free one-pot synthetic methodology was developed for the preparation of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithione derivatives through three-component reactions of arylaldehydes, thiourea, and orthoformates. The procedure tolerated a diverse range of arylaldehydes and orthoformates and provided a rapid entry to a variety of 4-aryl-6-(alkylthio)-3,4-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2(1H)-thiones (29 examples). The synthetic strategy relies on the dual role of thiourea in the cyclization with the aldehydes and the alkylation via an intermediate imidate formation. The structures of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithione derivatives were characterized by spectroscopic techniques as well as by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Feng Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
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Liu X, Li S, Wei X, Zhao Y, Lai D, Zhou L, Wang M. Total synthesis of Palmarumycin BGs, C 1 and Guignardin E. RSC Adv 2020; 10:1588-1594. [PMID: 35494718 PMCID: PMC9047396 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10316c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first total synthesis of Palmarumycin BG1–3, BG5–6, C1 and Guignardin E (1–7) were achieved by the same intermediate Palmarumycin C2 through a N-benzyl cinchoninium chloride-catalyzed epoxidation, an organoselenium-mediated reduction, and a cerium(iii) chloride hydrate-promoted regioselective ring-opening and elimination of cyclic α,β-epoxy ketone as the key steps via6–7 step routes using 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) and 5-methoxytetralone as the starting materials in overall yields of 1.0–17.4%, respectively. Their structures and absolute configurations were characterized and determined by 1H, 13C NMR, IR, HR-ESI-MS and X-ray diffraction data. These compounds displayed significant inhibition activities against HCT116, U87-MG, HepG2, BGC823 and PC9 cell lines. The first total syntheses of Palmarumycin BG1–3, BG5–6, C1 and Guignardin E were achieved. These compounds displayed significant inhibition activities against HCT116, U87-MG, HepG2, BGC823 and PC9 cell lines.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
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