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Noleto-Dias C, Lomax C, Bellisai A, Ruvo G, Harflett C, Macalpine WJ, Hanley SJ, Beale MH, Ward JL. Breeding Novel Chemistry in Willow: New Hetero Diels-Alder Cyclodimers from Arbusculoidin and Salicortin Suggest Parallel Biosynthetic Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1609. [PMID: 38931042 PMCID: PMC11207313 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
An investigation of phenolic glycosides extracted from Salix germplasm revealed that arbusculoidin (benzyl 1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-1-hydroxy-6-oxo-2-cyclohexenyl carboxylate) and its enolic 6-glycoside isomer, isoarbusculoidin, are widespread across the Salix family. An analysis of natural hybrid species and progeny from a willow breeding programme demonstrated that the putative biosynthetic pathway leading to the salicinoid family of phenolic glycosides runs in parallel to a "benzyl"-based pathway to arbusculoidin. The introduction of a known Diels-Alder reaction trait from Salix dasyclados, as well as an acylation trait, into progeny containing both salicyl- and benzyl- pathways caused the formation of all possible hetero-cyclodimers from mixtures of reactive dienone (acyl)glycosides that participated in cross-over reactions. In addition to providing access to new analogues of the anti-cancer dimer miyabeacin, the analysis of the breeding progeny also indicated that these dienone (acyl)glycosides are stable in planta. Although the immediate biosynthetic precursors of these compounds remain to be defined, the results suggest that the (acyl)glycosylation reactions may occur later in the pathway than previously suggested by in vitro work on cloned UGT enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Noleto-Dias
- Plant Sciences & the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Charlotte Lomax
- Plant Sciences & the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Alice Bellisai
- Plant Sciences & the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Gianluca Ruvo
- Plant Sciences & the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Claudia Harflett
- Plant Sciences & the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - William J. Macalpine
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK;
| | - Steven J. Hanley
- Plant Sciences & the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Michael H. Beale
- Plant Sciences & the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jane L. Ward
- Plant Sciences & the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
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Wu PQ, Li Y, Ren YH, Zhou JS, Liu QF, Wu Y, Yu JH, Zhou B, Yue JM. Anti-Inflammatory Salicin Derivatives from the Barks of Salix tetrasperma. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38602386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The genus Salix L. is traditionally used in folk medicine to alleviate pain caused by various kinds of inflammation. In the present study, 10 undescribed salicin derivatives along with 5 known congeners were isolated from the barks of Salix tetrasperma, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and chemical conversions. Compounds 4-6 significantly inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, and the most active 4 obviously suppressed the production of IL-1β and IL-6 and decreased iNOS and COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Further Western blotting analysis revealed that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of 4 is possibly mediated through the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Su Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hai Yu
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Avetyan DL, Shatskiy A, Kärkäs MD, Stepanova EV. Scalable total synthesis of natural vanillin-derived glucoside ω-esters. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108683. [PMID: 36179617 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of vanilloloside, calleryanin, and a series of naturally occurring ω-esters of vanilloloside was realized through direct glycosylation of vanillin-based aglycones or late-stage derivatization of vanilloloside. All aglycones and their fragments were synthesized from vanillin as the sole aromatic precursor. Subsequently, these intermediates were used to construct various vanillin-derived glucoside ω-esters using a mild acidic deacetylation as the key synthetic step, providing the final products in the total yields of 10-50% and general purity of >95%. Additionally, the first operationally simple and sustainable synthesis of litseafoloside B was realized on large scale, avoiding the use of toxic solvents and reagents, providing an attractive alternative to isolation of this and other similar compounds from plant sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Avetyan
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus D Kärkäs
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena V Stepanova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia.
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Fedorova DD, Nazarova DS, Avetyan DL, Shatskiy A, Belyanin ML, Kärkäs MD, Stepanova EV. Divergent Synthesis of Natural Benzyl Salicylate and Benzyl Gentisate Glucosides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3173-3180. [PMID: 33008263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein is reported the first total synthesis of benzyl salicylate and benzyl gentisate glucosides present in various plant species, in particular the Salix genus, such as Populus balsamifera and P. trichocarpa. The method permits the synthesis of several natural phenolic acid derivatives and their glucosides starting from salicylic or gentisic acid. The divergent approach afforded access to three different acetylated glucosides from a common synthetic intermediate. The key step in the total synthesis of naturally occurring glycosides-the selective deacetylation of the sugar moiety-was achieved in the presence of a labile benzyl ester group by employing mild deacetylation conditions. The protocol permitted synthesis of trichocarpine (4 steps, 40% overall yield), isotrichocarpine (3 steps, 51% overall yield), trichoside (6 steps, 40% overall yield), and deoxytrichocarpine (3 steps, 42% overall yield) for the first time (>95% purity). Also, the optimized mild deacetylation conditions allowed synthesis of 2-O-acetylated derivatives of all four glycosides (5-17% overall yield, 90-95% purity), which are rare plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David L Avetyan
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Siberian State Medical University, Moskovskiy Trakt 2, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Maxim L Belyanin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Elena V Stepanova
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Kononov LO, Stepanova EV, Zinin AI, Abronina PI, Chizhov AO. Azidation of Partially Protected Carbohydrate Derivatives: Efficient Suppression of Acyl Migration. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although azidation by nucleophilic substitution is widely used in organic chemistry, it has a limitation for partially protected carbohydrate derivatives under typical reaction conditions used for azidation (heating with NaN3, phase-transfer catalyst (optional), DMF or DMSO) as it can cause substantial migration (70%) of O-acyl protective groups. Several approaches, including the use of a temporary protective group for the unprotected hydroxyl group, to avoid acyl migration have been compared. Addition of excess of ethyl trifluroacetate effectively suppressed benzoyl migration but inhibited substitution of the chlorine atom with the azido group. The most robust procedure involved addition of excess n-butyl formate to the reaction mixture. When this protocol was followed, migration of benzoyl groups in lactose derivatives with free hydroxy group at C-3′ or C-4′ was reduced to 4%, with the yield of the target, partially protected derivatives with an azido group in the aglycone approaching 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid O. Kononov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University)
| | - Elena V. Stepanova
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
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Abronina PI, Malysheva NN, Zinin AI, Kolotyrkina NG, Stepanova EV, Kononov LO. Catalyst-free regioselective acetylation of primary hydroxy groups in partially protected and unprotected thioglycosides with acetic acid. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36836-36842. [PMID: 35517942 PMCID: PMC9057154 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly regioselective acetylation of primary hydroxy groups in thioglycoside derivatives with gluco- and galacto-configurations was achieved by treatment with aqueous or anhydrous acetic acid (60–100% AcOH) at elevated temperatures (80–118 °C), avoiding complex, costly and time-consuming manipulations with protective groups. Acetylation of both 4,6-O-benzylidene acetals and the corresponding diols as well as the unprotected tetraol with AcOH was shown to lead selectively to formation of 6-O-acetyl derivatives. For example, the treatment of phenyl 1-thio-β-d-glucopyranoside with anhydrous AcOH at 80 °C for 24 h gave the corresponding 6-O-acetylated derivative in 47% yield (71% based on the reacted starting material) and unreacted starting tetraol in 34% yield, which can easily be recovered by silica gel chromatography and reused in further acetylation. Highly regioselective acetylation of primary hydroxy groups in thioglycoside derivatives was achieved by treatment with aqueous or anhydrous acetic acid (60–100%) at elevated temperatures (80–118 °C), avoiding manipulations with protective groups.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina I. Abronina
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Nelly N. Malysheva
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I. Zinin
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Natalya G. Kolotyrkina
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Stepanova
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences
| | - Leonid O. Kononov
- N. K. Kochetkov Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 119991 Moscow
- Russian Federation
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