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Hurtado-Díaz I, Ramírez-Cisneros MÁ, Alvarez L, Sánchez-Carranza JN, Columba-Palomares MC, Silva-Guzmán JA, Cruz-Sosa F, Bernabé-Antonio A. Metabolites Profile of Extracts and Fractions of Erythroxylum mexicanum Kunth by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and its Antibacterial, Cytotoxic and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301474. [PMID: 38215210 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The present study shows the untargeted metabolite profiling and in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic, and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities of the methanolic leaves extract (MLE) and methanolic stem extract (MSE) of Erythroxylum mexicanum, as well as the fractions from MSE. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS), a total of 70 metabolites were identified; mainly alkaloids in the MLE, while the MSE showed a high abundance of diterpenoids. The MSE fractions exhibited differential activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Notably, the hexane fraction (HSF) against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 (MIC=62.5 μg/mL) exhibited a bactericidal effect. The MSE fractions exhibited cytotoxicity against all cancer cell lines tested, with selectivity towards them compared to a noncancerous cell line. Particularly, the HSF and chloroform fraction (CSF) showed the highest cytotoxicity against prostate cancer (PC-3) cells, with IC50 values of 19.9 and 18.1 μg/mL and selectivity indexes of 3.8 and 4.2, respectively. Both the HSF and ethyl acetate (EASF) fractions of the MSE inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with NO production percentages of 50.0 % and 51.7 %, respectively, at a concentration of 30 μg/mL. These results indicated that E. mexicanum can be a source of antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hurtado-Díaz
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - M Ángeles Ramírez-Cisneros
- Chemical Research Center-IICBA, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Chemical Research Center-IICBA, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jessica Nayelli Sánchez-Carranza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María Crystal Columba-Palomares
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Autonomous University of the State of Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - José Antonio Silva-Guzmán
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Cruz-Sosa
- Department of Biotechnology, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa Campus, Av. Ferrocarril de San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Leyes de Reforma 1a. Sección, Alcaldía Iztapalapa, Mexico City, 09310, Mexico
| | - Antonio Bernabé-Antonio
- Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Km 15.5 Guadalajara-Nogales, Col. Las Agujas, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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Yuan Z, Wang J, Qu Q, Zhu Z, Xu M, Zhao M, Sun C, Peng H, Huang X, Dong Y, Dong C, Zheng Y, Yuan S, Li Y. Celastrol Combats Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Targeting Δ 1 -Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302459. [PMID: 37381655 PMCID: PMC10477891 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) raise a critical need for alternative therapeutic options. New antibacterial drugs and targets are required to combat MRSA-associated infections. Based on this study, celastrol, a natural product from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f., effectively combats MRSA in vitro and in vivo. Multi-omics analysis suggests that the molecular mechanism of action of celastrol may be related to Δ1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH). By comparing the properties of wild-type and rocA-deficient MRSA strains, it is demonstrated that P5CDH, the second enzyme of the proline catabolism pathway, is a tentative new target for antibacterial agents. Using molecular docking, bio-layer interferometry, and enzyme activity assays, it is confirmed that celastrol can affect the function of P5CDH. Furthermore, it is found through site-directed protein mutagenesis that the Lys205 and Glu208 residues are key for celastrol binding to P5CDH. Finally, mechanistic studies show that celastrol induces oxidative stress and inhibits DNA synthesis by binding to P5CDH. The findings of this study indicate that celastrol is a promising lead compound and validate P5CDH as a potential target for the development of novel drugs against MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Yuan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
| | - Jun Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
| | - Qianwei Qu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
| | - Zhenxin Zhu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
| | - Marc Xu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
| | - Chongxiang Sun
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
| | - Haixin Peng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
| | - Xingyu Huang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
| | - Yue Dong
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
| | - Chunliu Dong
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
| | - Yadan Zheng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical DevelopmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbin150030China
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Ravera S, Tancreda G, Vezzulli L, Schito AM, Panfoli I. Cirsiliol and Quercetin Inhibit ATP Synthesis and Decrease the Energy Balance in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) Strains Isolated from Patients. Molecules 2023; 28:6183. [PMID: 37687012 PMCID: PMC10488605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols have attracted attention in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, as they show antibacterial action. Considering that polyphenols inhibit F1Fo-ATP synthase (ATP synthase) and that bacteria need a constant energy production to maintain their homeostasis, we evaluated the effect of two flavones, cirsiliol (tri-hy-droxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone) and quercetin (3,3,4,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), on energy production and intracellular ATP content in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain and a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strain isolated from patients, comparing the results to those obtained by treating the bacteria with oligomycin, a specific ATP synthase Fo moiety inhibitor. Real-time quantitative ATP synthesis and total ATP content of permeabilized Gram-positive bacteria were assayed by luminometry. The results showed that cirsiliol and quercetin inhibited ATP synthase and decreased the intracellular ATP levels in both strains, although the effect was higher in MRSE. In addition, while cirsiliol and quercetin acted immediately after the treatment, oligomycin inhibited ATP synthesis only after 30 min of incubation, suggesting that the different responses may depend on the different permeability of the bacterial wall to the three molecules. Thus, cirsiliol and quercetin could be considered potential additions to antibiotics due to their ability to target ATP synthase, against which bacteria cannot develop resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.R.)
| | - Gabriele Tancreda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.R.)
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Mohammed A, Aabed K, Benabdelkamel H, Shami A, Alotaibi MO, Alanazi M, Alfadda AA, Rahman I. Proteomic Profiling Reveals Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Action and Adaptive Mechanisms of Resistance in Porphyromonas gingivalis: Treatment with Juglans regia and Melaleuca alternifolia. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12980-12991. [PMID: 37065043 PMCID: PMC10099446 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The increasing trend in the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria pushes research to discover new efficacious antibacterial agents from natural and synthetic sources. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a well-known bacterium commonly known for causing periodontal disease, and it is associated with the pathogenesis of life-changing systemic conditions such as Alzheimer's. Proteomic research can be utilized to test new antibacterial drugs and understand the adaptive resistive mechanisms of bacteria; hence, it is important in the drug discovery process. The current study focuses on identifying the antibacterial effects of Juglans regia (JR) and Melaleuca alternifolia (MA) on P. gingivalis and uses proteomics to identify modes of action while exploring its adaptive mechanisms. JR and MA extracts were tested for antibacterial efficacy using the agar well diffusion assay. A proteomic study was conducted identifying upregulated and downregulated proteins compared to control by 2D-DIGE analysis, and proteins were identified using MADLI-TOF/MS. The bacterial inhibition for JR was 20.14 ± 0.2, and that for MA was 19.72 ± 0.5 mm. Out of 88 differentially expressed proteins, there were 17 common differentially expressed proteins: 10 were upregulated and 7 were downregulated in both treatments. Among the upregulated proteins were Arginine-tRNA ligase, ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic, and flavodoxins. In contrast, down-regulated proteins were ATP synthase subunit alpha and quinone, among others, which are known antibacterial targets. STRING analysis indicated a strong network of interactions between differentially expressed proteins, mainly involved in protein translation, post-translational modification, energy production, metabolic pathways, and protein repair and degradation. Both extracts were equi-efficacious at inhibiting P. gingivalis and displayed some overlapping proteomic profiles. However, the MR extract had a greater fold change in its profile than the JA extract. Downregulated proteins indicated similarity in the mode of action, and upregulated proteins appear to be related to adaptive mechanisms important in promoting repair, growth, survival, virulence, and resistance. Hence, both extracts may be useful in preventing P. gingivalis-associated conditions. Furthermore, our results may be helpful to researchers in identifying new antibiotics which may offset these mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrah
E. Mohammed
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kawther Aabed
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Proteomics
Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashwag Shami
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi O. Alotaibi
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alanazi
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Assim A. Alfadda
- Proteomics
Resource Unit, Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Medicine, College of Medicine and King Saud Medical City, King Saud University,
P.O. Box 2925 (98), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ishrat Rahman
- Department
of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
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The Flavone Cirsiliol from Salvia x jamensis Binds the F 1 Moiety of ATP Synthase, Modulating Free Radical Production. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193169. [PMID: 36231131 PMCID: PMC9562182 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that mammalian retinal rod outer segments (OS) are peculiar structures devoid of mitochondria, characterized by ectopic expression of the molecular machinery for oxidative phosphorylation. Such ectopic aerobic metabolism would provide the chemical energy for the phototransduction taking place in the OS. Natural polyphenols include a large variety of molecules having pleiotropic effects, ranging from anti-inflammatory to antioxidant and others. Our goal in the present study was to investigate the potential of the flavonoid cirsiliol, a trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone extracted from Salvia x jamensis, in modulating reactive oxygen species production by the ectopic oxidative phosphorylation taking place in the OS. Our molecular docking analysis identified cirsiliol binding sites inside the F1 moiety of the nanomotor F1Fo-ATP synthase. The experimental approach was based on luminometry, spectrophotometry and cytofluorimetry to evaluate ATP synthesis, respiratory chain complex activity and H2O2 production, respectively. The results showed significant dose-dependent inhibition of ATP production by cirsiliol. Moreover, cirsiliol was effective in reducing the free radical production by the OS exposed to ambient light. We report a considerable protective effect of cirsiliol on the structural stability of rod OS, suggesting it may be considered a promising compound against oxidative stress.
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Tan Z, Deng J, Ye Q, Zhang Z. The antibacterial activity of natural-derived flavonoids. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1009-1019. [PMID: 35189804 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220221110506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids, a wide variety of phenolic secondary metabolites, are found in almost all plant families in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds. Flavonoids could exert antibacterial activity via damaging the cytoplasmic membrane, inhibiting energy metabolism, and inhibiting the synthesis of nucleic acids, so flavonoids are considered constitutive antibacterial substances. This review aims to outline the recent advances of natural-derived flavonoids, including flavonoid glycosides with antibacterial potential to provide novel antibacterial lead hits/candidates, covering articles published between January 2016 and July 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyou Tan
- Guangdong Xianqiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Deng
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiongxian Ye
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China
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Uncommon Terpenoids from Salvia Species: Chemistry, Biosynthesis and Biological Activities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27031128. [PMID: 35164392 PMCID: PMC8838292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The search for new bioactive compounds from plant sources has been and continues to be one of the most important fields of research in drug discovery. However, Natural Products research has continuously evolved, and more and more has gained a multidisciplinary character. Despite new developments of methodologies and concepts, one intriguing aspect still persists, i.e., different species belonging to the same genus can produce different secondary metabolites, whereas taxonomically different genera can produce the same compounds. The genus Salvia L. (Family Lamiaceae) comprises myriad distinct medicinal herbs used in traditional medicine worldwide that show different pharmacological activities due to the presence of a variety of interesting specialized metabolites, including mono-, sesqui-, di-, sester-, tri-, tetra-, and higher terpenoids as well as phenylpropanoids, phenolic acid derivatives, lignans, flavonoids, and alkaloids. We herein summarize the research progress on some uncommon terpenoids, isolated from members of the genus Salvia, which are well recognized for their potential pharmacological activities. This review also provides a current knowledge on the biosynthesis and occurrence of some interesting phytochemicals from Salvia species, viz. C23-terpenoids, sesterterpenoids (C25), dammarane triterpenoids (C30), and uncommon triterpenoids (C20+C10). The study was carried out by searching various scientific databases, including Elsevier, ACS publications, Taylor and Francis, Wiley Online Library, MDPI, Springer, Thieme, and ProQuest. Therefore, 106 uncommon terpenoids were identified and summarized. Some of these compounds possessed a variety of pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antiparasitic, cytotoxic and tubulin tyrosine ligase inhibitory activities. Due to the lack of pharmacological information for the presented compounds gathered from previous studies, biological investigation of these compounds should be reinvestigated.
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Iobbi V, Brun P, Bernabé G, Dougué Kentsop RA, Donadio G, Ruffoni B, Fossa P, Bisio A, De Tommasi N. Labdane Diterpenoids from Salvia tingitana Etl. Synergize with Clindamycin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Molecules 2021; 26:6681. [PMID: 34771089 PMCID: PMC8587691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Quorum-sensing (QS) is a regulatory mechanism in bacterial communication, important for pathogenesis control. The search for small molecules active as quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSI) that can synergize with antibiotics is considered a good strategy to counteract the problem of antibiotic resistance. Here the antimicrobial labdane diterpenoids sclareol (1) and manool (2) extracted from Salvia tingitana were considered as potential QSI against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Only sclareol showed synergistic activity with clindamycin. The quantification of these compounds by LC-MS analysis in the organs and in the calli of S. tingitana showed that sclareol is most abundant in the flower spikes and is produced by calli, while manool is the major labdane of the roots, and is abundant also in the leaves. Other metabolites of the roots were abietane diterpenoids, common in Salvia species, and pentacyclic triterpenoids, bearing a γ-lactone moiety, previously undescribed in Salvia. Docking simulations suggested that 1 and 2 bind to key residues, involved in direct interactions with DNA. They may prevent accessory gene regulator A (AgrA) binding to DNA or AgrA activation upon phosphorylation, to suppress virulence factor expression. The antimicrobial activity of these two compounds probably achieves preventing upregulation of the accessory gene regulator (agr)-regulated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Iobbi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (R.A.D.K.); (P.F.)
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Bernabé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Roméo Arago Dougué Kentsop
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (R.A.D.K.); (P.F.)
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura–CREA Centro di ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, 18038 San Remo, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (G.D.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Barbara Ruffoni
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura–CREA Centro di ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo, 18038 San Remo, Italy;
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (R.A.D.K.); (P.F.)
| | - Angela Bisio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy; (V.I.); (R.A.D.K.); (P.F.)
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (G.D.); (N.D.T.)
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Guo K, Liu Y, Li SH. The untapped potential of plant sesterterpenoids: chemistry, biological activities and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2293-2314. [PMID: 34114591 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00021g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1969 up to 2021Sesterterpenoids, biosynthetically derived from the precursor, namely geranylfarnesyl diphosphate (GFDP) are amongst the rarest of all isoprenoids with approximately 1300 compounds known. Most sesterterpenoids originate from marine organisms (especially sponges), while only about 15% of these compounds are isolated from several families of plants such as Lamiaceae, Gentianaceae, and Nartheciaceae. Many plant sesterterpenoids possess highly oxygenated and complex cyclic skeletons and exhibit remarkable biological activities involving cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifeedant properties. Thus, due to their intrinsic chemical complexity and intriguing biological profiles, plant sesterterpenoids have attracted continuing interest from both chemists and biologists. However, the biosynthesis and distribution of sesterterpenoids in the plant kingdom still remain elusive, although substantial progress has been achieved in recent years. This review provides an overall coverage of sesterterpenoids originating from plant sources, followed by a classification of their chemical skeletons, which summarizes the distribution, chemistry, biological activities, biosynthesis and evolution of plant sesterterpenoids, aiming at strengthening the research efforts toward the untapped great potential of these unique natural product resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.
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Ravera S, Esposito A, Degan P, Caicci F, Manni L, Liguori A, Bisio A, Iobbi V, Schito A, Traverso CE, Panfoli I. The diterpene Manool extracted from Salvia tingitana lowers free radical production in retinal rod outer segments by inhibiting the extramitochondrial F 1 F o ATP synthase. Cell Biochem Funct 2021; 39:528-535. [PMID: 33472276 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled oxidative stress production, especially in the outer retina is one of the causes of retinal degenerations. Mitochondria are considered the principal source of oxidative stress. However, a Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROI) production in the retinal photoreceptor layer seems to depend also on the expression of an extramitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) machinery in the rod outer segments (OS). In fact, OS conduct aerobic metabolism, producing ATP through oxygen consumption, although it is devoid of mitochondria. As diterpenes display an antioxidant effect, we have evaluated the effect Manool, extracted from Salvia tingitana, on the extramitochondrial OxPhos and the ROI production in the retinal rod OS. Results confirm that the OxPhos machinery is ectopically expressed in the OS and that F1 Fo -ATP synthase is a target of Manool, which inhibited the OS ATP synthesis, binding the F1 moiety with high affinity, as analysed by molecular docking. Moreover, the overall slowdown of OxPhos metabolism reduced the ROI production elicited in the OS by light exposure, in vitro. In conclusion, data are consistent with the antioxidant properties of Salvia spp., suggesting its ability to lower oxidative stress production, a primary risk factor for degenerative retinal diseases. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Here we show that Manool, a diterpene extracted from Salvia tingitana has the potential to lower the free radical production by light-exposed rod outer segments in vitro, by specifically targeting the rod OS F1 Fo -ATP synthase belonging to the extramitochondrial OxPhos expressed on the disk membrane. The chosen experimental model allowed to show that the rod OS is a primary producer of oxidative stress linked to the pathogenesis of degenerative retinal diseases. Data are also consistent with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of Salvia spp., suggesting a beneficial effect also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ravera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alfonso Esposito
- Centro di Biologia Integrata (CIBIO), Università di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Paolo Degan
- UOC Mutagenesi, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino -IST (Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro), Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Caicci
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Manni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Liguori
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Angela Bisio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Iobbi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Schito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Isabella Panfoli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia (DIFAR), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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