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Chang X, Xu Y, von Delius M. Recent advances in supramolecular fullerene chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:47-83. [PMID: 37853792 PMCID: PMC10759306 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene chemistry has come a long way since 1990, when the first bulk production of C60 was reported. In the past decade, progress in supramolecular chemistry has opened some remarkable and previously unexpected opportunities regarding the selective (multiple) functionalization of fullerenes and their (self)assembly into larger structures and frameworks. The purpose of this review article is to provide a comprehensive overview of these recent developments. We describe how macrocycles and cages that bind strongly to C60 can be used to block undesired addition patterns and thus allow the selective preparation of single-isomer addition products. We also discuss how the emergence of highly shape-persistent macrocycles has opened opportunities for the study of photoactive fullerene dyads and triads as well as the preparation of mechanically interlocked compounds. The preparation of two- or three-dimensional fullerene materials is another research area that has seen remarkable progress over the past few years. Due to the rapidly decreasing price of C60 and C70, we believe that these achievements will translate into all fields where fullerenes have traditionally (third-generation solar cells) and more recently been applied (catalysis, spintronics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingmao Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
| | - Youzhi Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm 89081, Germany.
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2
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Maulbetsch T, Frech P, Scheele M, Törnroos KW, Kunz D. A Saddle-Shaped Expanded Porphyrinoid Fitting C 60. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302104. [PMID: 37421647 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis of a new type of an expanded porphyrinoid macrocycle with a saddle-shaped morphology and its complexation of C60 guest molecules. The new macrocycle contains four carbazole and four triazole moieties and can be readily synthesized via a copper-catalyzed click reaction. It shows specific photo-physical properties including fluorescence with a high quantum yield of 60 %. The combination of the saddle-shaped geometry with the expanded π-system allows for host-guest interactions with C60 in a stacked polymer fashion. Evidence for the presence of a host-guest complex is provided both in solution by NMR spectroscopy and in the solid state by X-ray structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Maulbetsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Frech
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Scheele
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Theoretische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl W Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, 5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Sacristán-Martín A, Miguel D, Diez-Varga A, Barbero H, Álvarez CM. From Induced-Fit Assemblies to Ternary Inclusion Complexes with Fullerenes in Corannulene-Based Molecular Tweezers. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16691-16706. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sacristán-Martín
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Alberto Diez-Varga
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Héctor Barbero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
| | - Celedonio M. Álvarez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid E47011, Spain
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Hirao T, Haino T. Supramolecular Ensembles Formed via Calix[5]arene-Fullerene Host-Guest Interactions. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200344. [PMID: 35647739 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This minireview introduces the research directions for the synthesis of supramolecular fullerene polymers. First, the discovery of host-guest complexes of pristine fullerenes is briefed. We focus on progress in supramolecular fullerene polymers directed by the use of calix[5]arene-fullerene interactions, which comprise linear, networked, helical arrays of fullerenes in supramolecular ensembles. The unique self-sorting behavior of right-handed and left-handed helical supramolecular fullerene arrays is discussed. Thereafter, an extensive investigation of the calix[5]arene-fullerene interaction for control over the chain structures of covalent polymers is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Hirao
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, Chemistry, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, 739-8526, Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Hiroshima Daigaku - Higashihiroshima Campus: Hiroshima Daigaku, Department of Chemistry, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, 739-8526, Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
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5
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Synthesis of fluorescent molecular switches based on porphyrinoids covalently linked with redox active ligands. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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6
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Ansari M, Mallik S, Jana A, Nayak A, Das N. Photoresponsive polymers with dangling triptycene units as efficient receptor for
fullerene‐C
60
. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mosim Ansari
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar India
| | - Samapika Mallik
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar India
| | - Achintya Jana
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar India
| | - Alpana Nayak
- Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar India
| | - Neeladri Das
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar India
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Sacristán-Martín A, Barbero H, Ferrero S, Miguel D, García-Rodríguez R, Álvarez CM. ON/OFF metal-triggered molecular tweezers for fullerene recognition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11013-11016. [PMID: 34570131 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03451k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report molecular tweezers for fullerene recognition based on 2,2'-bipyridine-bearing corannulene motifs. The syn or anti confirmation can be selected simply by Cu(I) coordination/decoordination, thus controlling the fullerene recognition capability of the system on demand and leading to the formation of effective metal-triggered ON/OFF molecular tweezers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Sacristán-Martín
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
| | - Héctor Barbero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
| | - Sergio Ferrero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
| | - Raúl García-Rodríguez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
| | - Celedonio M Álvarez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, E47011, Spain.
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Liu X, Wang W, Fan Z, Huang W, Luo L, Yang C, Zhang J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Huang W. Functional Carbazole-Fullerene Complexes: A New Perspective of Carbazoles Acting as Nano-Octopus to Capture Globular Fullerenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10448-10455. [PMID: 34003527 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene host-guest constructs have attracted increasing attention owing to their molecular-level hybrid arrangements. However, the usage of simple carbazolic derivatives to bind with fullerenes is rare. In this research, three novel carbazolic derivatives, containing a tunable bridging linker and carbazole units for the capturing of fullerenes, are rationally designed. Unlike the general concave-convex interactions, fullerenes could interact with the planar carbazole subunits to form 2-dimensional hexagonal/quadrilateral cocrystals with alternating stacking patterns of 1 : 1 or 1 : 2 stoichiometry, as well as the controllable fullerene packing modes. At the meanwhile, good electron-transporting performances and significant photovoltaic effects were realized when a continuous C60⋅⋅⋅ C60 interaction channel existed. The results indicate that the introduction of such carbazolic system into fullerene receptor would provide new insights into novel fullerene host-guest architectures for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wanning Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lixing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Canglei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China
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Halilovic D, Rajeshkumar V, Stuparu MC. Synthesis and Properties of Bis-corannulenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:1468-1472. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dzeneta Halilovic
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Venkatachalam Rajeshkumar
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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Barát V, Eom T, Khan A, Stuparu MC. Buckybowl polymers: synthesis of corannulene-containing polymers through post-polymerization modification strategy. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we explore the synthesis of methacrylate polymers carrying buckybowl corannulene as the polymer side-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Barát
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Taejun Eom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, 02841 Seoul, Korea
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, 02841 Seoul, Korea
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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Nayak S, Ray A, Bhattacharya S. Size selective supramolecular interaction upon molecular complexation of a designed porphyrin with C60 and C70 in solution. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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12
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Ferrero S, Barbero H, Miguel D, García-Rodríguez R, Álvarez CM. Porphyrin-based systems containing polyaromatic fragments: decoupling the synergistic effects in aromatic-porphyrin-fullerene systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36164-36173. [PMID: 35517082 PMCID: PMC9056955 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report a two-step synthesis that allows the introduction of four pyrene or corannulene fragments at the para position of meso-tetraarylporphyrins using a microwave-assisted quadruple Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. Placing the PAHs at this position, further from the porphyrin core, avoids the participation of the porphyrin core in binding with fullerenes. The fullerene hosting ability of the four new molecular receptors was investigated by NMR titrations and DFT studies. Despite having two potential binding sites, the pyrene derivatives did not associate with C60 or C70. In contrast, the tetracorannulene derivatives bound C60 and C70, although with modest binding constants. In these novel para-substituted systems, the porphyrin core acts as a simple linker that does not participate in the binding process, which allows the system to be considered as two independent molecular tweezers; i.e., the first binding event is not transmitted to the second binding site. This behavior can be considered a direct consequence of the decoupling of the porphyrin core from the binding event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ferrero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid E-47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Héctor Barbero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid E-47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Daniel Miguel
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid E-47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Raúl García-Rodríguez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid E-47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Celedonio M Álvarez
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid E-47011 Valladolid Spain
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