1
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He ZQ, Chen SJ, Chen GS, Lin JH, Wu JM, Liu YL. Base-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1- b][1,3]thiazines from 2-Mercaptobenzimidazoles and β-CF 3-1,3-Enynes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13262-13271. [PMID: 37619215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A base-controlled divergent cyclization between 2-mercaptobenzimidazoles and β-CF3-1,3-enynes providing either trifluoromethylated or fluorinated benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines has been developed. The β-CF3-1,3-enyne, as a three-carbon synthon, underwent a 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU)-catalyzed tandem hydroamination/intramolecular hydrothiolation to give CF3-substituted 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine, whereas reaction with KOH afforded fluorinated 4H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine exclusively. In addition, the synthetic utility of this methodology was showcased through a variety of downstream derivatizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Ming Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Chen SJ, He ZQ, Chen GS, Zhao C, Chen CP, Zhuang YY, Chen L, Liu YL. Synthesis of CF 3-Substituted Alkylamines, 1,2-Bisazoles, and 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazines from Newly Designed Tetrazole-Activated Trifluoromethyl Alkenes. Org Lett 2022; 24:9301-9305. [PMID: 36516238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new class of Michael acceptor, tetrazolyl-trifluoromethyl alkenes, has been discovered. They readily undergo Michael-type addition instead of addition-elimination reaction with aliphatic amines and azoles to furnish β-trifluoromethyl alkylamines and CF3-substituted 1,2-bisazole derivatives, respectively. Additionally, some of the products are capable of engaging in microwave-assisted intramolecular denitrogenative annulation, leading to the formation of CF3-substituted 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazines that are otherwise difficult to access by other methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Ping Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Yin Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P. R. China
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3
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Versatile Fluorine-Containing Building Blocks: β-CF 3-1,3-enynes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249020. [PMID: 36558151 PMCID: PMC9786819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of diversity-oriented synthesis based on fluorine-containing building blocks has been one of the hot research fields in fluorine chemistry. β-CF3-1,3-enynes, as one type of fluorine-containing building blocks, have attracted more attention in the last few years due to their distinct reactivity. Numerous value-added trifluoromethylated or non-fluorinated compounds which have biologically relevant structural motifs, such as O-, N-, and S-heterocycles, carboncycles, fused polycycles, and multifunctionalized allenes were synthesized from these fluorine-containing building blocks. This review summarizes the most significant developments in the area of synthesis of organofluorine compounds based on β-CF3-1,3-enynes, providing a detailed overview of the current state of the art.
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4
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Myronova V, Cahard D, Marek I. Stereoselective Preparation of CF 3-Containing Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:9076-9080. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Myronova
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry. Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200009, Israel
- UMR 6014 CNRS COBRA, Normandie Université, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Dominique Cahard
- UMR 6014 CNRS COBRA, Normandie Université, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry. Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200009, Israel
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5
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Zhang J, Ma ZG, Tian Y, Li W, Gao WC, Chang HH. Divergent Synthesis of Fluorinated Alkenes, Allenes, and Enynes via Reaction of 2-Trifluoromethyl-1,3-enynes with Carbon Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15086-15100. [PMID: 36314871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, inorganic base K3PO4 promoted divergent synthesis of CF3-substituted allenes, cyclopentenes, alkynes, and fluorinated enynes via regioselective nucleophilic addition of carbon nucleophiles to 2-trifluoromethyl-1,3-enynes was developed. With the choice of different carbon nucleophiles, various fluorinated compounds could be obtained under K3PO4/DMF reaction system. When malononitriles were used as nucleophiles, CF3-substituted allenes, cyclopentenes, and alkynes could be obtained, respectively. By using 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds as nucleophiles, ring-monofluorinated 4H-pyrans could be prepared, and 1,1-difluoro-1,3-enynes could be furnished with the participation of diethyl malonate. Moreover, these five kinds of fluorinated allenes, alkenes, and enynes are valuable building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Ma
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yu Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Wen-Chao Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hong-Hong Chang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.,Shanxi Tihondan Pharmaceutical Technology Co. Ltd., Jinzhong 030600, China
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6
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Chen SJ, Li JH, He ZQ, Chen GS, Zhuang YY, Chen CP, Liu YL. N-Trifluoropropylation of Azoles through N-Vinylation and Sequential Hydrogenation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15703-15712. [PMID: 36331418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Installing a fluoroalkyl group onto the nitrogen atom of azoles represents a potential strategy for lead optimization in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we describe a method for the N-trifluoropropylation of azoles. This process is accomplished using a combination of regioselective N-vinylation and sequential hydrogenation. The two-step sequence is applicable to a diverse set of azoles and tolerates a wide range of functionalities. In addition, we showcase its practicability and utility through the gram-scale synthesis and the late-stage modification of a complex molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Qing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Yin Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Ping Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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7
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Chen SJ, Chen GS, Deng T, Li JH, He ZQ, Liu LS, Ren H, Liu YL. 1,2-Dicarbofunctionalization of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes with Pyridinium Salts via a Cycloaddition/Visible-Light-Enabled Fragmentation Cascade. Org Lett 2022; 24:702-707. [PMID: 34994204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although trifluoromethyl alkenes have great synthetic potential, their 1,2-difunctionalization has been a challenge. In this Letter, we disclose the first 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of trifluoromethyl alkenes with pyridinium salts via a cascade process involving a base-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition followed by a visible-light-mediated Norrish-type-II fragmentation. This protocol allows for the formation of pyridines bearing a trifluoromethyl-substituted quaternary center in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Deng
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qing He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Li-Shan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
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8
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Altarejos J, Sucunza D, Vaquero JJ, Carreras J. Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Cyclopropylboronates. Org Lett 2021; 23:6174-6178. [PMID: 34320310 PMCID: PMC8895459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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A copper-catalyzed
enantioselective cyclopropanation involving
trifluorodiazoethane in the presence of alkenyl boronates has been
developed. This transformation enables the preparation of 2-substituted-3-(trifluoromethyl)cyclopropylboronates
with high levels of stereocontrol. The products are valuable synthetic
intermediates by transformation of the boronate group. This methodology
can be applied to the synthesis of novel trifluoromethylated analogues
of trans-2-arylcyclopropylamines, which are prevalent
motifs in biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Altarejos
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Juan J Vaquero
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Javier Carreras
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química Andrés Manuel del Río (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares 28805, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid 28034, Spain
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9
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Kumar A, Jamali MF, Thomas S, Ahamad S, Kant R, Mohanan K. Additive‐Free Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Spiro Cyclopropanes and Their Transformation into Trifluoromethylated Building Blocks. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Muhammad Fahad Jamali
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Shilpa Thomas
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Shakir Ahamad
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Department of Chemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002, UP India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
| | - Kishor Mohanan
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow 226031 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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10
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Decaens J, Couve-Bonnaire S, Charette AB, Poisson T, Jubault P. Synthesis of Fluoro-, Monofluoromethyl-, Difluoromethyl-, and Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Three-Membered Rings. Chemistry 2021; 27:2935-2962. [PMID: 32939868 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This Minireview describes recent advances toward the synthesis of fluoro-, monofluoromethyl-, difluoromethyl-, and trifluoromethyl-substituted three-membered rings such as cyclopropanes, aziridines, epoxides, episulfides, cyclopropenes, and 2 H-azirines. The main synthetic methodologies since 2016 for cyclopropanes and since 2010 for the other three-membered rings are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Decaens
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - André B Charette
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station Downtown, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Thomas Poisson
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Jubault
- INSA Rouen, UNIROUEN, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), Normandie Univ, 76000, Rouen, France
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11
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Zhang Y, Ren Z, Liu Y, Wang Z, Li Z. Fluoroalkylation of Allylic Alcohols with Concomitant (Hetero)aryl Migration: Access to Fluoroalkylated Ketones and Evaluation of Antifungal Action against
Magnaporthe grisea. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhu Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Ziyang Ren
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Yun‐Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University 230 Wai Huan Xi Road 510006 Guangzhou China
| | - Zhentao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University 271018 Taian Shandong China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Materials and Energy South China Agricultural University 510642 Guangzhou China
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12
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Chen SJ, Chen GS, Zhang JW, Li ZD, Zhao YL, Liu YL. Phosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloadditions of trifluoromethyl enynes/enediynes with allenoates: access to cyclopentenes containing a CF3-substituted quaternary carbon center. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first use of trifluoromethyl-substituted enynes/enediynes as non-classical electron-deficient olefins for phosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition with allenoates is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Zhao-Dong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yu-Lei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
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13
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Zhao Y, Guo X, Du Y, Shi X, Yan S, Liu Y, You J. Synthesis of fused-tetrahydropyrimidines: one-pot methylenation–cyclization utilizing two molecules of CO2. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6881-6888. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01504k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A methylenation–cyclization reaction employing cyclic enaminones with primary aromatic amines and two molecules of CO2 to furnish fused-tetrahydropyrimidines has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Xuqiang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Yulan Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Xinrui Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Shina Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
| | - Yunlin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jinmao You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu
- China
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology
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