1
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Beck PS, Leitão AG, Santana YB, Correa JR, Rodrigues CVS, Machado DFS, Matos GDR, Ramos LM, Gatto CC, Oliveira SCC, Andrade CKZ, Neto BAD. Revisiting Biginelli-like reactions: solvent effects, mechanisms, biological applications and correction of several literature reports. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3630-3651. [PMID: 38652003 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00272e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study critically reevaluates reported Biginelli-like reactions using a Kamlet-Abboud-Taft-based solvent effect model. Surprisingly, structural misassignments were discovered in certain multicomponent reactions, leading to the identification of pseudo three-component derivatives instead of the expected MCR adducts. Attempts to replicate literature conditions failed, prompting reconsideration of the described MCRs and proposed mechanisms. Electrospray ionization (tandem) mass spectrometry, NMR, melting points, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray analysis exposed inaccuracies in reported MCRs and allowed for the proposition of a complete catalytic cycle. Biological investigations using both pure and "contaminated" derivatives revealed distinctive features in assessed bioassays. A new cellular action mechanism was unveiled for a one obtained pseudo three-component adduct, suggesting similarity with the known dihydropyrimidinone Monastrol as Eg5 inhibitors, disrupting mitosis by forming monoastral mitotic spindles. Docking studies and RMSD analyses supported this hypothesis. The findings described herein underscore the necessity for a critical reexamination and potential corrections of structural assignments in several reports. This work emphasizes the significance of rigorous characterization and critical evaluation in synthetic chemistry, urging a careful reassessment of reported synthesis and biological activities associated with these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro S Beck
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Arthur G Leitão
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Yasmin B Santana
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - José R Correa
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Carime V S Rodrigues
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel F S Machado
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme D R Matos
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Luciana M Ramos
- Universidade Estadual de Goiás (UEG), Anápolis, Goiás, 75001-970, Brazil
| | - Claudia C Gatto
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Sarah C C Oliveira
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Biology, Laboratory of Allelopathy, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Z Andrade
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Brenno A D Neto
- University of Brasilia, Institute of Chemistry, Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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2
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Zhang T, Shi XL, Hu Q, Gong H, Shi K, Li Z. Ultrahigh-Performance Fiber-Supported Iron-Based Ionic Liquid for Synthesizing 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1 H)-ones in a Cleaner Manner. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9579-9591. [PMID: 38657205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a fiber-supported iron-based ionic liquid as a type of fibrous catalyst has been developed for the synthesis of bioactive 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones (DHPMs) via three-component Biginelli reactions in a cleaner manner. The described fibrous catalyst was obtained from the commercially available polyetheretherketone (PEEK) fiber by postfunctionalization processes and was characterized and analyzed in detail by means of diversified technologies. Furthermore, the fiber-supported iron-based ionic liquids could mediate the classical three-component Biginelli reactions to proceed smoothly to gain a variety of substituted DHPMs with yields of up to 99%. The superior catalytic activities of the fibrous catalyst were ascribed to the quasi-homogeneous medium by ionic liquids generated in the surface layer of the PEEK fiber, which could afford an appropriate reaction zone and could further be available for the aggregation of substrates to facilitate the three-component reaction. Notably, the fibrous catalyst is available for recycling over 10 runs just by a pair of tweezers, and the operational procedure was capable of enlarging the catalytic system to the gram-scale without any performance degradation, which provided a cleaner manner to take advantage of the iron-based catalyst in organic synthesis with potential industrialization prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Lei Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, P. R. China
| | - Honghui Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, P. R. China
| | - Keren Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan 454003, P. R. China
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3
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Lakhani P, Chodvadiya D, Jha PK, Gupta VK, Trzybiński D, Wozniak K, Kurzydłowski K, Goutam UK, Srivastava H, Modi CK. DFT stimulation and experimental insights of chiral Cu(II)-salen scaffold within the pocket of MWW-zeolite and its catalytic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14374-14386. [PMID: 37184034 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00857f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A Cu(II)-salen complex encapsulated in MWW-framework as an efficient chiral organocatalyst was developed for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one (DHPMs) derivatives via an asymmetric pathway. In order to confirm its structural properties, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder XRD, BET, XPS, FE-SEM, EDX, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectra were used. Using computer-assisted DFT calculations, the Cu(II)-salen complex has been fine-tuned to fit into the pocket of the porous MWW support while keeping its chirality. This organocatalyst was shown to be a potent catalyst for the formation of the desired DHPMs product under short reaction times. Furthermore, this green protocol allows rapid and simple isolation of active MWW-trapped Cu(II)-salen scaffolds and its reusability in at least five consecutive runs without losing much of its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikkumar Lakhani
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India.
| | - Darshil Chodvadiya
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390002, India
| | - Prafulla K Jha
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390002, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir-18006, India
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wozniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurzydłowski
- Materials Design Division, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 141 Wołoska Str., 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - U K Goutam
- Technical Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India
| | - Himanshu Srivastava
- Synchrotrons Utilisation Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India
| | - Chetan K Modi
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat-390001, India.
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4
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Liu YF, Hu CW, Yang GP. Recent advances in polyoxometalates acid-catalyzed organic reactions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Shekh A, Mombeni Goodajdar B, Asghariganjeh MR. Three-Component Solvent-Free Synthesis of 3, 4-Dihydropyrimidones and Thiones by Iron-Phosphonate Nanoparticle. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1948875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Shekh
- Department of Chemistry, Omidiyeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Omidiyeh, Iran
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6
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Rostami N, Dekamin MG, Valiey E, FaniMoghadam H. l-Asparagine-EDTA-amide silica-coated MNPs: a highly efficient and nano-ordered multifunctional core-shell organocatalyst for green synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one compounds. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21742-21759. [PMID: 36091190 PMCID: PMC9386691 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, new l-asparagine grafted on 3-aminopropyl-modified Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanoparticles using the EDTA linker (Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine) was prepared and its structures properly confirmed using different spectroscopic, microscopic and magnetic methods or techniques including FT-IR, EDX, XRD, FESEM, TEM, TGA and VSM. The Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine core-shell nanomaterial was found, as a highly efficient multifunctional and recoverable organocatalyst, to promote the efficient synthesis of a wide range of biologically-active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives under solvent-free conditions. It was proved that Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine MNPs, as a catalyst having excellent thermal and magnetic stability, specific morphology and acidic sites with appropriate geometry, can activate the Biginelli reaction components. Moreover, the environmental-friendliness and nontoxic nature of the catalyst, cost effectiveness, low catalyst loading, easy separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture and short reaction time are some of the remarkable advantages of this green protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Rostami
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
| | - Mohammad G Dekamin
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
| | - Ehsan Valiey
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
| | - Hamidreza FaniMoghadam
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
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7
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Recent Advances in Multicomponent Reactions Catalysed under Operationally Heterogeneous Conditions. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have been gaining significance and attention over the past decade because of their ability to furnish complex products by using readily available and simple starting materials while simultaneously eliminating the need to separate and purify any intermediates. More so, most of these products have been found to exhibit diverse biological activities. Another paradigm shift which has occurred contemporarily is the switch to heterogeneous catalysis, which results in additional benefits such as the reduction of waste and an increase in the safety of the process. More importantly, it allows the user to recover and reuse the catalyst for multiple runs. In summary, both methodologies adhere to the principles of green chemistry, a philosophy which needs to become overarchingly enshrined. The plethora of reactions and catalysts which have been developed gives hope that chemists are slowly changing their ideology. As a result, this review attempts to discuss multicomponent reactions catalysed by operationally heterogeneous catalysts in the past 10 years. In this review, a further distinction is made between the MCRs which lead to the formation of heterocycles and those which do not.
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8
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Oboudatian HS, Moradian M, Naeimi H. Morpholinum Sulphate Salt Immobilized Onto Magnetic NPs Catalyzed Sonication Green Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Gurav R, Gurav A, Salunkhe‐Gawali S, Jadhav S, Choudhari P, Sankpal S, Hangirgekar S. Ficus benghalensis
leaf extract in biosynthesis of Fe
3
O
4
for Fe
3
O
4
@Ag‐S‐CH
2
‐COOH: A novel catalyst for synthesis of new 3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1
H
)‐ones and their anticancer evaluation. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rutikesh Gurav
- Department of Chemistry Shivaji University Kolhapur India
| | - Akshay Gurav
- Department of Chemistry Shivaji University Kolhapur India
| | | | | | - Prafulla Choudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy Kolhapur India
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10
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do Nascimento LG, Dias IM, de Souza GBM, Mourão LC, Pereira MB, Viana JCV, Lião LM, de Oliveira GR, Alonso CG. Sulfonated carbons from agro-industrial residues: simple and efficient catalysts for the Biginelli reaction. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04686a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An eco-friendly catalyst prepared from rice husk was used to synthesize dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) and achieved a yield of 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Milhomem Dias
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, CEP 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Botelho Meireles de Souza
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, CEP 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Chemical Engineering Department, State University of Maringá, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Bisinotto Pereira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, CEP 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Chemical Engineering Department, State University of Maringá, CEP 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Júlio Cezár Vieira Viana
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, CEP 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Federal University of Tocantins, CEP 77404-970, Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Luciano Morais Lião
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, CEP 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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11
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Wang G, Hao P, Liang Y, Liang Y, Liu W, Wen J, Li X, Zhan H, Bi S. The new life of traditional water treatment flocculant polyaluminum chloride (PAC): a green and efficient micro–nano reactor catalyst in alcohol solvents. RSC Adv 2022; 12:655-663. [PMID: 35425147 PMCID: PMC8696963 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is an inorganic polymer material that has the advantages of a simple preparation process and special electronic structure. It is considered to be the most efficient and widely used flocculation material for water treatment. In this work, PAC has been used as a Lewis acid catalyst in interdisciplinary fields because of its polynuclear Al–O cation structure. Further, its catalytic mechanism in green organic synthesis has been studied in detail by using the multicomponent Biginelli reaction as the probe. The effect of solvent on the self-assembly and aggregation process of PAC materials was investigated using optical microscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, particle size analysis, XPS, IR, SEM and HR-TEM. The results show that the PAC materials have different morphological characteristics in different solvents. The Al–O–Al cations were transformed in the ethanol solvent to form new multi-nuclear cation aggregates Alb, which could be used as inorganic micro–nano reactors with unique synergistic catalysis in catalytic reactions. This is the first time the role of PAC in the Biginelli reaction has been analyzed with a liquid in situ infrared instrument, which provided favorable evidence for the speculated reaction mechanism. The PAC–ethanol system is, therefore, considered to be a green, efficient (best yield >99%), economic and recyclable catalyst for catalyzing organic synthesis reactions. The development and utilization of PAC materials in organic synthesis will bring new vitality to this cheap material, which is widely used in industries. The polyaluminum chloride–ethanol micro–nano reactor is a green, efficient, easy-to-handle and economical catalyst for catalyzing organic synthesis reactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Yuwang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Wanyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jiantong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Haijuan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Shuxian Bi
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
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12
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An eco-friendly innovative halide and metal-free basic ionic liquid catalyzed synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo [b] pyran derivatives in aqueous media: A sustainable protocol. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Neto BAD, Rocha RO, Rodrigues MO. Catalytic Approaches to Multicomponent Reactions: A Critical Review and Perspectives on the Roles of Catalysis. Molecules 2021; 27:132. [PMID: 35011363 PMCID: PMC8746711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we comprehensively describe catalyzed multicomponent reactions (MCRs) and the multiple roles of catalysis combined with key parameters to perform these transformations. Besides improving yields and shortening reaction times, catalysis is vital to achieving greener protocols and to furthering the MCR field of research. Considering that MCRs typically have two or more possible reaction pathways to explain the transformation, catalysis is essential for selecting a reaction route and avoiding byproduct formation. Key parameters, such as temperature, catalyst amounts and reagent quantities, were analyzed. Solvent effects, which are likely the most neglected topic in MCRs, as well as their combined roles with catalysis, are critically discussed. Stereocontrolled MCRs, rarely observed without the presence of a catalytic system, are also presented and discussed in this review. Perspectives on the use of catalytic systems for improved and greener MCRs are finally presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenno A. D. Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.O.R.); (M.O.R.)
| | - Rafael O. Rocha
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.O.R.); (M.O.R.)
| | - Marcelo O. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, University of Brasília, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (R.O.R.); (M.O.R.)
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG72RD, UK
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14
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Madivalappa Davanagere P, Maiti B. 1,3-Bis(carboxymethyl)imidazolium Chloride as a Sustainable, Recyclable, and Metal-Free Ionic Catalyst for the Biginelli Multicomponent Reaction in Neat Condition. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26035-26047. [PMID: 34660965 PMCID: PMC8515400 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and novel methodology has been developed for the synthesis of 1,3-bis(carboxymethyl)imidazolium chloride [BCMIM][Cl] salt. The ionic salt [BCMIM][Cl] catalyzed the reaction among arylaldehydes; the substituted 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and urea/thiourea at 80 °C with 5 mol % under neat condition provided the substituted dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one/thiones in the synthesis step with yields of up to 96%. In addition, we synthesized the commercially available drug Monastrol by employing this methodology. The new synthesis method employs the benefits of a broad substrate scope, short reaction time, and high atom economy along with low catalyst loading in neat conditions, and is devoid of chromatographic purification. The ionic salt [BCMIM][Cl] was recycled and reused up to six cycles without substantial damage of its catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barnali Maiti
- Department of Chemistry,
School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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15
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Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-ones via a Three-Component Biginelli Reaction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123753. [PMID: 34202951 PMCID: PMC8235482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions are considered to be of increasing importance as time progresses due to the economic and environmental advantages such strategies entail. The three-component Biginelli reaction involves the combination of an aldehyde, a β-ketoester and urea to produce 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, also known as DHPMs. The synthesis of these products is highly important due to their myriad of medicinal properties, amongst them acting as calcium channel blockers and antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, silicotungstic acid supported on Ambelyst-15 was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Biginelli reaction under solventless conditions. Electron-poor aromatic aldehydes gave the best results. Sterically hindered β-ketoesters resulted in lower reaction yields. The reaction was carried out under heterogeneous catalysis to allow easy recovery of the product from the reaction mixture and recycling of the catalyst. The heterogeneity of the reaction was confirmed by carrying out a hot filtration test.
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16
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Feng X, Song Y, Lin W. Dimensional Reduction of Lewis Acidic Metal-Organic Frameworks for Multicomponent Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8184-8192. [PMID: 34018731 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Owing to hindered diffusions, the application of porous catalytic materials has been limited to relatively simple organic transformations with small substrates. Herein we report a dimensional reduction strategy to construct a two-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF), Zr6OTf-BTB, with 96% accessible Lewis acidic sites as probed by the bulky Lewis base pivalonitrile. With nearly free substrate accessibility, Zr6OTf-BTB outperformed two three-dimensional MOF counterparts of similar Lewis acidity (Zr6OTf-BPDC and Zr6OTf-BTC) in catalyzing sterically hindered multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for the construction of tetrahydroquinoline and aziridine carboxylate derivatives with high turnover numbers (TONs). Zr6OTf-BTB was also superior to the homogeneous benchmark Sc(OTf)3 with nearly 14 times higher TON and 9 times longer catalyst lifetime. Furthermore, the topology-activity relationships in these Zr-based Lewis acidic MOFs were rationalized by comparing their Lewis acidity, numbers of Lewis acidic sites, and sterically accessible Lewis acidic sites. Zr6OTf-BTB was successfully used to construct several bioactive molecules via MCRs with excellent efficiency. This dimensional reduction strategy should allow the development of other MOF catalysts for synthetically useful and complicated organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenbin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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Chopda LV, Dave PN. 12-Phosphomolybdic acid H3[PMo12O40] over natural bentonite as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-ones. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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