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Shahid M, Punnya AJ, Babu SS, Sarkar S, Gopinath P. Dual Palladium-Photoredox-Mediated Regioselective Acylation of Carbazoles and Indolines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13686-13698. [PMID: 37767971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
We have described a dual palladium-photoredox-catalyzed highly regioselective acylation of carbazoles and indolines using molecular oxygen as the green oxidant. The reaction shows a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Late-stage functionalization of a carprofen drug derivative, further manipulation of products, and gram-scale synthesis of the acylated products were illustrated to show the versatility of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - A J Punnya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Sakamuri Sarath Babu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Subhendu Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Purushothaman Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
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2
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Elsaid M, Ge R, Liu C, Maiti D, Ge H. Site-Selective C-H Functionalization of Carbazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202303110. [PMID: 37186413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbazole alkaloids hold great potential in pharmaceutical and material sciences. However, the current approaches for C1 functionalization of carbazoles rely on the use of a pre-installed directing group, severely limiting their applicability and hindering their overall efficiency. Herein, we report for the first time the development of direct Pd-catalyzed C-H alkylation and acylation of carbazoles assisted by norbornene (NBE) as a transient directing mediator. Notably, the involvement of a six-membered palladacycle intermediate was suggested in this case, representing the first example of such intermediacy within the extensively studied Pd/norbornene reactions realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Elsaid
- Texas Tech University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Robbie Ge
- Texas Tech University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Chong Liu
- Texas Tech University, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Haibo Ge
- Texas Tech University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1204 Boston Avenue, 79409, Lubbock, UNITED STATES
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3
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Cho EH, Akhtar MS, Aslam M, Thombal RS, Li X, Shim JJ, Lee YR. Transition metal-catalyzed regioselective functionalization of carbazoles and indolines with maleimides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6776-6783. [PMID: 35959713 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01077a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The directing group-assisted regioselective C-H activation of carbazoles and indolines is achieved via transition metal-catalyzed reactions. This C-H functionalization protocol provides a rapid approach to install diversely functionalized succinimide groups at the C-1 position of the carbazole moiety. In addition, this protocol demonstrates the intrinsic reactivity of indolines in providing C-2 succinimide-substituted indoles via cascade direct oxidation and C-H functionalization. This protocol also provides C-7 succinimide-substituted indolines under mild reaction conditions. The features of this reaction include a wide substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity for the installation of the succinimide moiety on biologically interesting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muhammad Saeed Akhtar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Raju S Thombal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xin Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jae-Jin Shim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Yu C, Huang R, Patureau FW. Direct Dehydrogenative Access to Unsymmetrical Phenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201142. [PMID: 35128810 PMCID: PMC9314079 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first non-directed dehydrogenative phenone coupling method of methylarenes with aromatic C-H bonds, displaying a large substrate scope, is herein reported. This reaction represents a far more direct atom- and step-efficient alternative to the classical Friedel-Crafts or Suzuki-Miyaura derived acylation reactions. The method can be carried out on a gram scale and was successfully applied to the synthesis of several Ketoprofen drug analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjun Yu
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Raolin Huang
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Frederic W. Patureau
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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5
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Barboza AA, Dantas JA, Jardim GADM, Ferreira MAB, Costa MO, Chiavegatti A. Recent Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Couplings in the Synthesis/Functionalization of Cyclic Scaffolds Using Molecular Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1701-7397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOver the past years, Pd(II)-catalyzed oxidative couplings have enabled the construction of molecular scaffolds with high structural diversity via C–C, C–N and C–O bond-forming reactions. In contrast to the use of stoichiometric amounts of more common oxidants, such as metal salts (Cu and Ag) and benzoquinone derivatives, the use of molecular oxygen for the direct or indirect regeneration of Pd(II) species presents itself as a more viable alternative in terms of economy and sustainability. In this review, we describe recent advances on the development of Pd-catalyzed oxidative cyclizations/functionalizations, where molecular oxygen plays a pivotal role as the sole stoichiometric oxidant.1 Introduction2 Oxidative C–C and C–Nu Coupling2.1 Intramolecular Oxidative C–Nu Heterocyclization Reactions2.1.1 C–H Activation2.1.2 Wacker/Aza-Wacker-Type Cyclization2.1.3 Tandem Wacker/Aza-Wacker and Cyclization/Cross-Coupling Reactions2.2 Intermolecular Oxidative C–Nu Heterocoupling Reactions2.3 Intramolecular Oxidative (C–C) Carbocyclization Reactions2.4 Intermolecular Oxidative C–C Coupling Reactions2.4.1 Cyclization Reactions2.4.2 Cross-Coupling Reactions2.4.3 Homo-Coupling Reactions3 Aerobic Dehydrogenative Coupling/Functionalization4 Oxidative C–H Functionalization5 Summary
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Suzuki H, Kawai Y, Takemura Y, Matsuda T. Rhodium-catalysed decarbonylative C(sp 2)-H alkylation of indolines with alkyl carboxylic acids and carboxylic anhydrides under redox-neutral conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2808-2812. [PMID: 35318479 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We developed a rhodium-catalysed decarbonylative C(sp2)-H alkylation method for indolines. This reaction facilitates the use of alkyl carboxylic acids and their anhydrides as a cheap, abundant and non-toxic alkyl source under redox-neutral conditions, featuring the introduction of a primary alkyl chain, which cannot be addressed by previous radical-mediated decarboxylative reaction. Through a mechanistic investigation, we revealed that an initially formed C-7 acylated indoline was transformed into the corresponding alkylated indoline via a decarbonylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yuya Kawai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Takemura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Takanori Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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Yu C, Huang R, Patureau FW. Direkter Dehydrierender Zugang zu unsymmetrischen Phenonen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congjun Yu
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Raolin Huang
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Frederic W. Patureau
- Institut für Organische Chemie RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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Seth K. Recent progress in rare-earth metal-catalyzed sp 2 and sp 3 C–H functionalization to construct C–C and C–heteroelement bonds. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01859k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The review presents rare-earth metal-catalyzed C(sp2/sp3)–H functionalization accessing C–C/C–heteroatom bonds and olefin (co)polymerization, highlighting substrate scope, mechanistic realization, and origin of site-, enantio-/diastereo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapileswar Seth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) – Guwahati, Sila Katamur, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India
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9
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Joshi A, Iqbal Z, Jat JL, De SR. Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Chelation‐Induced C(sp
2
)‐H Acylation of (Hetero)Arenes Using Toluenes as Aroyl Surrogate. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Joshi
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174 India
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174 India
| | - Jawahar L. Jat
- Department of Chemistry School of Physical and Decision Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Lucknow 226025 India
| | - Saroj R. De
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174 India
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10
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Zhao H, Shen P, Sun D, Zhai H, Zhao Y. The Regioselective Functionalization Reaction of Unprotected Carbazoles with Donor-Acceptor Cyclopropanes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9189-9199. [PMID: 34111921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective functionalization reaction of unprotected carbazoles with donor-acceptor (D-A) cyclopropanes has been demonstrated for the first time. With Sc(OTf)3 as Lewis acid catalyst, the N-H functionalization of carbazoles takes place through a highly selective nitrogen-initiated nucleophilic ring opening reaction. Significantly, by engaging TfOH as Brønsted acid catalyst, a straightforward C-H functionalization at the 3-position of the unprotected carbazole proceeds via Friedel-Crafts-type addition. This strategy facilitates the diversity-oriented synthesis of carbazole-containing heterocycles and expands the novel application of D-A cyclopropanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongru Sun
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
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