1
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Choudhary A, Patel R, Goswami D, Chikhalia KH. Innovative cascade reaction for 2H-indazole derivative synthesis. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10874-0. [PMID: 38796796 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of synthetic organic chemistry, by using a one-pot sequential combination of MCR, it is possible to manufacture chemical commodities (fine chemicals, agrochemicals, and pharmaceutical substances) that enhance our quality of life while generating less waste materials and increasing economic advantages. With this motivation, using a "one-pot" method with multiple components, we present a relatively simple way to make stereoselective substitute 2H-indazole analogues for this study. Firstly, functionalised 3-bromo-4-((methylthio)methyl) derivatives were produced using DMSO as both a carbon source and a solvent, in conjunction with TMSOTf as the Lewis acid promoter. These derivatives were then utilised in the synthesis of 2-H-indazole derivatives with an up to 80% yield using t-Bu3PHBF4 as the ligand and Cs2CO3 as the base, in the presence of a Pd catalyst at 100°C in an airtight tube. The phenyl ring is endowed with an electron-releasing group situated at position C-6, which efficiently synthesises several 2-H-indazol derivatives with cost-efficient and noteworthy yields by using this method. A comparative analysis of a number of halogen derivatives was also undertaken, using a variety of solvents that were classified according to their halogen group. To confirm the structures of the synthesised target compounds, spectrometric analysis (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LCMS) was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Rohit Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 781014, India
| | - Dweipayan Goswami
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 781014, India
| | - Kishor H Chikhalia
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India.
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2
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Niu M, Yang C, Leng M, Cao Q, Li M, Shen Z. Visible-Light-Driven Decarboxylative Coupling of 2 H-Indazoles with α-Keto Acids without Photocatalysts and Oxidants. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6159-6168. [PMID: 38642058 PMCID: PMC11077484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of functionalized 3-acyl-2H-indazoles via visible-light-induced self-catalyzed energy transfer was developed. This method utilized a self-catalyzed energy transfer process between 2H-indazoles and α-keto acids, offering advantages like absence of photosensitizers, metal catalysts, and strong oxidants, broad substrate compatibility, and operational simplicity under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Niu
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chen Yang
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mingzhu Leng
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qun Cao
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
| | - Meichao Li
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Zhenlu Shen
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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3
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Kayastha N, Dutta D, Chutia K, Das B, Gogoi P. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of 3-Substituted-1 H-Indazoles: A Pd-Catalyzed Double C-N Bond Formation Strategy via 1,6-Conjugate Addition. J Org Chem 2024; 89:402-413. [PMID: 38064714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed cascade process for the direct synthesis of 3-substituted-1H-indazole employing p-quinone methide (p-QM) and arylhydrazine through Pd-catalyzed double C-N bond formation via 1,6-conjugate addition is reported. This reaction strategy affords efficient and practical access to synthetically important diverse 3-substituted-1H-indazoles in good yields. The photophysical properties of the synthesized 3-substituted-1H-indazoles are investigated, and some of them showed very good fluorescence properties with quantum yields up to 85%. Also, the synthesized 3-substituted-1H-indazole exhibits an acid-sensitive fluorescence turn-off activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasib Kayastha
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Dhiraj Dutta
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kangkana Chutia
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Babulal Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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4
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Bauer AK, Conrad J, Beifuss U. Efficient approach to 1,1'-bisindoles via copper(I)-catalyzed double domino reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8003-8019. [PMID: 37767762 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01231j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient copper(I)-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of 1,1'-bisindoles that is based on the formation of four bonds in one step has been developed. The unprecedented three component reaction between one molecule of a 1,2-bis(2-bromoaryl)hydrazine and two molecules of a 1,3-diketone employing 10 mol% CuI as a catalyst and Cs2CO3 as a base in DMSO at 100 °C for 24 h delivers substituted 1,1'-bisindoles with yields up to 92%. The new method proceeds as a double domino condensation/Ullmann type C-C coupling. It allows an efficient and practical access to substituted 1,1'-bisindoles in one step from easily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Bauer
- Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Conrad
- Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Uwe Beifuss
- Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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5
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Molnár Á. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Five‐membered Nitrogen Heterocycles Induced by Palladium Ions and Complexes. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Molnár
- Department of Organic Chemistry University of Szeged Dóm tér 8 6720 Szeged Hungary
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6
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Sharma R, Chaudhary S. Regiodivergent Cu-Promoted, AcOH-Switchable Distal Versus Proximal Direct Cyanation of 1-Aryl-1 H-indazoles and 2-Aryl-2 H-indazoles via Aerobic Oxidative C-H Bond Activation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16188-16203. [PMID: 36417354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A copper-promoted regiodivergent, AcOH-switchable, distal and proximal direct cyanation of N-aryl-(1H/2H)-indazoles via aerobic oxidative C(sp2)-H bond activation has been developed. The inclusion or exclusion of AcOH as an additive is the foremost cause for the positional switch in the C-CN bond formation method that results in (C-2')-cyanated 2-aryl-2H-indazoles 3a-j, (C-2')-cyanated 1-aryl-1H-indazoles 4a-j [distal], or C-3 cyanated 2-aryl-2H-indazoles 5a-i [proximal] products in good to excellent yields and showed various functional group tolerance. The cyanide (CN-) ion surrogate was generated via the unification of dimethylformamide and ammonium iodide (NH4I). The utilization of molecular oxygen (aerobic oxidative strategy) as a clean and safe oxidant is liable for generous value addition. The further pertinence of the developed protocol has been demonstrated by transforming the synthesized cyanated product into numerous other functional groups, which will, undoubtedly, accomplish utilization in the synthetic area of biologically important compounds and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India.,Laboratory of Bioactive Heterocycles and Catalysis, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (Transit Campus), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, India
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7
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Bhawani, Shinde VN, Sonam, Rangan K, Kumar A. Mechanochemical Ruthenium-Catalyzed O rtho-Alkenylation of N-Heteroaryl Arenes with Alkynes under Ball-Milling Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5994-6005. [PMID: 35472259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanochemical, solvent-free Ru(II)-catalyzed alkenylation of N-heteroaryl arenes with alkynes has been successfully described. A wide spectrum of arenes bearing N-heteroaryl moieties such as imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine, benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, 2H-indazole, 1H-indazole, 1H-pyrazole, and 1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-one as a directing group reacted with various substituted alkynes under ball milling in the presence of [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2, affording dialkenylated products in moderate to good yields. The reaction of 2,3-dihydrophthalazine-1,4-dione with 1-phenyl-1-propyne afforded a monoalkenylated product. Similarly, reaction of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine with aliphatic terminal alkynes produced a monoalkenylated derivative as the major product along with minor amount of dialkenylated product. The developed method exhibited excellent functional group compatibility, broad substrate scope, shorter reaction times, and no external heating. Moreover, the method can be readily scaled-up as demonstrated by gram-scale synthesis of 2-(2,6-bis((E)1-phenylprop-1-en-2-yl)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawani
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Vikki N Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Sonam
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Krishnan Rangan
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana 500078, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
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8
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Swarbrook AM, Weekes RJ, Goodwin JW, Hawes CS. Ligand isomerism fine-tunes structure and stability in zinc complexes of fused pyrazolopyridines. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1056-1069. [PMID: 34935828 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fused-ring pyrazoles offer a versatile platform for derivitization to give finely tuned and functional ligands in coordination assemblies. Here, we explore the pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine (HL1) and pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (HL2) backbones and their N-substituted derivatives, using their coordination chemistry with zinc(II) in the solid state and in solution to examine the steric and electronic effects of varying their substitution pattern. The parent heterocycles HL1 and HL2 both generate robust and permanently porous isomeric MOFs on reaction with zinc and a dicarboxylate co-ligand. The subtle geometric change offered by the position of the backbone pyridyl nitrogen atom leads to substantial changes in the pore size and total pore volume, which is reflected in both their surface areas and CO2 uptake performance. Both materials are also unusually resilient to atmospheric water vapour by virtue of the strong metal-azolate bonding. The isomeric chelating ligands L3-L6, generated by N-arylation of the parent heterocycles with a 2-pyridyl group, each coordinate to zinc to give either mononuclear or polymeric coordination compounds depending on the involvement of the backbone pyridine nitrogen atom. While crystal packing influences based on the steric preferences of the ligands are dominant in the crystalline phase, fluorescence spectroscopy is used to show that the 2H isomers L4 and L6 show distinct coordination behaviour to the 1H isomers L3 and L5, forming competing [ML] and [ML2] species in soution. The first stability constant for L6 with zinc(II) is an order of magnitude larger than for the other three ligands, suggesting an improved binding strength based on the electron configuration in this isomer. These results show that careful control of remote substitution on fused pyrazole ligands can lead to substantial improvements in the stability of the resulting complexes, with consequences for the design of stable coordination assemblies containining labile metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Swarbrook
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Rohan J Weekes
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Jack W Goodwin
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Chris S Hawes
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
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9
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Seifinoferest B, Tanbakouchian A, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Ullmann‐Goldberg and Buchwald‐Hartwig C−N Cross Couplings: Synthetic Methods to Pharmaceutically Potential N‐Heterocycles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behnoush Seifinoferest
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences University of Tehran Nejatollahi St Enghelab St Iran
| | - Arezoo Tanbakouchian
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry University of Tehran 16 Azar St Enghelab St Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences University of Tehran Nejatollahi St Enghelab St Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences University of Tehran Nejatollahi St Enghelab St Iran
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