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Januševičius T, Šarko J, Mažeikienė A. Phosphate adsorption from water and wastewater using non-devulcanised and devulcanised tyre rubber. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19776. [PMID: 37809480 PMCID: PMC10559113 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The secondary use of tyre rubber is a potentially sustainable environmental solution. However, the sorption properties of used-tyre rubber have not yet been fully investigated. In this study, the rubber type (vulcanised or devulcanised part-worn tyre rubber) that can sorb phosphate phosphorus from aqueous solutions or wastewater more effectively is determined. The capacity of granules (0.3-1.0 mm in diameter) of non-devulcanised ground tyre rubber and uniquely chemically devulcanised rubber to adsorb phosphorus is evaluated under laboratory conditions. The results show that under the filtration of an aqueous solution or biologically treated wastewater at a flow rate of 0.75 m/h (1.2 L/h), 1 g of the devulcanised rubber medium accumulates 5.16 mg of phosphorus, which is five times more than that accumulated by the non-devulcanised rubber medium. The surface structure of the non-devulcanised rubber medium is more suitable for the sorption of devulcanised rubber granules. The sorption capacity and effectiveness of non-devulcanised rubber for phosphorus removal are more favourable compared with those of the tested natural and waste-prepared sorbents. Further research into this material as a medium for filter layers and for accumulating drainage should be conducted. The findings of this study are important for addressing issues associated with the secondary use of tyre rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Januševičius
- Department of Environmental Protection and Water Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julita Šarko
- Department of Environmental Protection and Water Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Mažeikienė
- Department of Environmental Protection and Water Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Du P, Yin Y, Shi D, Mao K, Yu Q, Zhao J. Metal-Free Phosphination and Continued Functionalization of Pyridine: A Theoretical Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175694. [PMID: 36080460 PMCID: PMC9457550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the mechanism of metal-free pyridine phosphination with P(OEt)3, PPh3, and PAr2CF3 using density functional theory calculations. The results show that the reaction mechanism and rate-determining step vary depending on the phosphine and additive used. For example, phosphination of pyridine with P(OEt)3 occurs in five stages, and ethyl abstraction is the rate-determining step. Meanwhile, 2-Ph-pyridine phosphination with PPh3 is a four-step reaction with proton abstraction as the rate-limiting step. Energy decomposition analysis of the transition states reveals that steric hindrance in the phosphine molecule plays a key role in the site-selective formation of the phosphonium salt. The mechanism of 2-Ph-pyridine phosphination with PAr2CF3 is similar to that with PPh3, and analyses of the effects of substituents show that electron-withdrawing groups decreased the nucleophilicity of the phosphine, whereas aryl electron-donating groups increased it. Finally, TfO− plays an important role in the C–H fluoroalkylation of pyridine, as it brings weak interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Du
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, China
| | - Yuhao Yin
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Dai Shi
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Kexin Mao
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Qianyuan Yu
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Jiyang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
- Correspondence:
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Ceradini D, Shubin K. One-pot synthesis of α-aminophosphonates by yttrium-catalyzed Birum-Oleksyszyn reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39147-39152. [PMID: 35492473 PMCID: PMC9044477 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07718j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, yttrium triflate was used as an efficient green catalyst for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates through a one-pot three-component Birum–Oleksyszyn reaction. Under the action of this Lewis acid, enhancement of the yield and reaction chemoselectivity was provided by the achievement of an appropriate balance in the complex network of reactions. For the first time, yttrium triflate was used as an efficient green catalyst for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates through a one-pot three-component Birum–Oleksyszyn reaction.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ceradini
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis 21 Aizkraukles St. Riga LV-1006 Latvia
| | - Kirill Shubin
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis 21 Aizkraukles St. Riga LV-1006 Latvia
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Chen ZD, Xu WK, Guo JM, Chen L, Wei BG, Si CM, Lin GQ. A One-Pot Approach to 2-Substituted-2-(Dimethoxyphosphoryl)-Pyrrolidines from Substituted tert-Butyl 4-Oxobutylcarbamates and Trimethyl Phosphite. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11442-11455. [PMID: 34479405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to 2-substituted-2-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)-pyrrolidines 7a-7o and 9a-9r has been developed, which features a TMSOTf-mediated one-pot intramolecular cyclization and phosphonylation of substituted tert-butyl 4-oxobutylcarbamates. The major advantages of this method include simple operation under mild reaction conditions, the use of cheap Lewis acid, and good to excellent yields with high diastereoselectivities (dr up to 99:1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Dan Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen-Ke Xu
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia-Ming Guo
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bang-Guo Wei
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang-Mei Si
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Kokkala P, Rajeshkumar T, Mpakali A, Stratikos E, Vogiatzis KD, Georgiadis D. A Carbodiimide-Mediated P-C Bond-Forming Reaction: Mild Amidoalkylation of P-Nucleophiles by Boc-Aminals. Org Lett 2021; 23:1726-1730. [PMID: 33617265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a carbodiimide-mediated P-C bond-forming reaction is described. The reaction involves activation of β-carboxyethylphosphinic acids and subsequent reaction with Boc-aminals using acid-catalysis. Mechanistic experiments using 31P NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations support the contribution of unusually reactive cyclic phosphinic/carboxylic mixed anhydrides in a reaction pathway involving ion-pair "swapping". The utility of this protocol is highlighted by the direct synthesis of Boc-protected phosphinic dipeptides, as precursors to potent Zn-aminopeptidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kokkala
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Anastasia Mpakali
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Efstratios Stratikos
- National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece.,Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos D Vogiatzis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Dimitris Georgiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15784, Athens, Greece
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