1
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Hashmi SZ, Bareth D, Dwivedi J, Kishore D, Alvi PA. Green advancements towards the electrochemical synthesis of heterocycles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18192-18246. [PMID: 38854834 PMCID: PMC11157331 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02812k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic chemistry is a large field with diverse applications in the areas of biological research and pharmaceutical advancement. Numerous initiatives have been proposed to further enhance the reaction conditions to reach these compounds without using harmful compounds. This paper focuses on the recent advances in the eco-friendly and green synthetic procedures to synthesize N-, S-, and O-heterocycles. This approach demonstrates considerable potential in accessing such compounds while circumventing the need for stoichiometric quantities of oxidizing/reducing agents or catalysts containing precious metals. Merely employing catalytic quantities of these substances proves sufficient, thereby offering an optimal means of contributing to resource efficiency. Renewable electricity plays a crucial role in generating environmentally friendly electrons (oxidant/reductant) that serve as catalysts for a series of reactions. These reactions involve the production of reactive intermediates, which in turn allow the synthesis of new chemical bonds, enabling beneficial transformations to occur. Furthermore, the utilization of metals as active catalysts in electrochemical activation has been recognized as an effective approach for achieving selective functionalization. The aim of this review was to summarize the electrochemical synthetic procedures so that the undesirable side reactions can be considerably reduced and the practical potential range of the chemical reactions can be expanded significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Zeba Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali-304022 Rajasthan India
| | - Diksha Bareth
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali-304022 Rajasthan India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali-304022 Rajasthan India
| | - Dharma Kishore
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali-304022 Rajasthan India
| | - P A Alvi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Banasthali Vidyapith Banasthali-304022 Rajasthan India
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2
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Yan H, Wang FD, Wang M, Ye L, Li P. Photoinduced Radical Cyclization of 2-Alkynylthioanisoles with Disulfides without an External Photocatalyst. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15288-15297. [PMID: 37872481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for the synthesis of 3-arylthiobenzo[b]thiophenes via a photodriven radical cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles with disulfide was developed. The reaction proceeded smoothly under visible-light irradiation without any external photocatalyst and generated the desired products in high yields with good functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Dou Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Liang Ye
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
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3
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Dong H, Chen C, Zhao J, Ji Y, Yang W. Photoinduced Photocatalyst-Free Cascade Cyclization of Alkynes with Sodium Sulfinates for the Synthesis of Benzothiophenes and Thioflavones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114436. [PMID: 37298913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The subject of this investigation is a new method for the construction of sulfonylated heterocycles which overcomes the limitations of classical approaches using a cheap feedstock sulfonylating agent, especially under photocatalyst- and metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Dong
- The Open Research Fund of the National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang, College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- The Open Research Fund of the National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang, College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alaer 843300, China
| | - Jinlei Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Surveying and Design Institute of Water Resources Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yigang Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofuctional Molecules, Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, China
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Guangling College and School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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4
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Zhang D, Yang Q, Cai J, Ni C, Wang Q, Wang Q, Yang J, Geng R, Fang Z. Synthesis of 3-Thiocyanobenzothiophene via Difunctionalization of Active Alkyne Promoted by Electrochemical-Oxidation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203306. [PMID: 36453091 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A novel and green method for the synthesis of 3-thiocyanatobenzothiophenes via electrochemical-oxidation promoted difunctionalization of active alkyne has been developed. In this protocol, inexpensive and easily available potassium thiocyanate was chosen as the thiocyanation reagent, 2-alkynylthioanisoles as the substrates, a variety of 3-thiocyanatobenzothiophenes were obtained in moderate to good yields under oxidant- and catalyst-free conditions. Moreover, the continuous flow system has good applicability for this transformation, the use of continuous flow system has overcome the disadvantage of low efficiency in traditional electrochemical amplification, and realized the stable and excellent yields of target products in the scale-up reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, 224007, Yancheng, China
| | - Qijun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, 224007, Yancheng, China
| | - Jinlin Cai
- School of History and Public Administration, Yancheng Teachers University, 224007, Yancheng, China
| | - Chunjie Ni
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, 224007, Yancheng, China
| | - Qingdong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, 224007, Yancheng, China
| | - Qingming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, 224007, Yancheng, China
| | - Jinming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, 224007, Yancheng, China
| | - Rongqing Geng
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, 224007, Yancheng, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., 211816, Nanjing, P. R. China
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5
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Aslam S, Sbei N, Rani S, Saad M, Fatima A, Ahmed N. Heterocyclic Electrochemistry: Renewable Electricity in the Construction of Heterocycles. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6175-6217. [PMID: 36844606 PMCID: PMC9948259 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Numerous applications in the realm of biological exploration and drug synthesis can be found in heterocyclic chemistry, which is a vast subject. Many efforts have been developed to further improve the reaction conditions to access this interesting family to prevent employing hazardous ingredients. In this instance, it has been stated that green and environmentally friendly manufacturing methodologies have been introduced to create N-, S-, and O-heterocycles. It appears to be one of the most promising methods to access these types of compounds avoiding use of stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing/reducing species or precious metal catalysts, in which only catalytic amounts are sufficient, and it represent an ideal way of contributing toward the resource economy. Thus, renewable electricity provides clean electrons (oxidant/reductant) that initiate a reaction cascade via producing reactive intermediates that facilitate in building new bonds for valuable chemical transformations. Moreover, electrochemical activation using metals as catalytic mediators has been identified as a more efficient strategy toward selective functionalization. Thus, indirect electrolysis makes the potential range more practical, and less side reactions can occur. The latest developments in using an electrolytic strategy to create N-, S-, and O-heterocycles are the main topic of this mini review, which was documented over the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Aslam
- Department
of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan60000, Pakistan
- The Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Najoua Sbei
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, EggensteinLeopoldshafen, 76344KarlsruheGermany
| | - Sadia Rani
- Department
of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan60000, Pakistan
| | - Manal Saad
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Aroog Fatima
- Department
of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan60000, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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6
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Lee J, Yu E, Park CM. Catalyst-free electrosynthesis of benzothiophenes from 2-alkenylaryl disulfides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7499-7502. [PMID: 36106773 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01402e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of benzothiophenes through electrosynthesis under oxidant- and metal-free conditions has been discovered. Electrolysis of symmetrical 2-alkenylaryl disulfides using an undivided cell leads to the formation of the corresponding benzothiophenes in good to moderate yields with good functional group tolerance. The usefulness of this methodology was further investigated with a scale-up experiment, which delivered a similar result to that of the small scale reaction. Several mechanistic investigations including DFT calculations were carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Eunsoo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Cheol-Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
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7
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Feng J, Wang Y, Gao L, Yu Y, Baell JB, Huang F. Electrochemical Synthesis of Polysubstituted Sulfonated Pyrazoles via Cascade Intermolecular Condensation, Radical-Radical Cross Coupling Sulfonylation, and Pyrazole Annulation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13138-13153. [PMID: 36166815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of polysubstituted sulfonated pyrazoles from enaminones and sulfonyl hydrazides was established under metal-free, exogenous-oxidant-free, and mild conditions. By judicious choice of different electrochemical reaction conditions, NH2-functionalized enaminones or N,N-disubstituted enaminones can react with aryl/alkyl sulfonyl hydrazides to afford tetra- or trisubstituted sulfonated pyrazoles in moderate to good yields, respectively. The gram-scale electrochemical transformation demonstrated the efficiency and practicability of this synthetic strategy. In addition, the sulfonated NH-pyrazole can be obtained via the dissociation of the N-tosyl group. Mechanistic studies reveal that the electrochemical cascade reaction synthesis of polysubstituted sulfonated pyrazoles proceeded via the sequence of intermolecular condensation, radical-radical cross coupling sulfonylation, and pyrazole annulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Luoyu Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.,Medicinal Chemistry Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.,School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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8
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Direct Electrooxidative Selenylation/Cyclization of Alkynes: Access to Functionalized Benzo[b]furans. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196314. [PMID: 36234851 PMCID: PMC9572441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild, practical, metal and oxidant-free methodology for the synthesis of various C-3 selenylated benzo[b]furan derivatives was developed through the intramolecular cyclization of alkynes promoted with diselenides via electrooxidation. A wide range of selenium-substituted benzo[b]furan derivatives were obtained in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity under constant current in an undivided cell equipped with carbon and platinum plates as the anode and cathode, respectively. Moreover, the convergent approach exhibited good functional group tolerance and could be easily scaled up with good efficiency, providing rapid access to a diverse range of selenylated benzo[b]furans derivatives from simple, readily available starting materials.
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9
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Devi S, Jyoti, Kiran, Wadhwa D, Sindhu J. Electro-organic synthesis: an environmentally benign alternative for heterocycle synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5163-5229. [PMID: 35730661 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00572g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are considered to be one of the most established structural classes due to their extensive application in agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and organic materials. Over the past few years, the development of heterocyclic compounds has gone through a considerable renaissance from conventional traditional methodologies to non-conventional electro-organic synthesis. Replacing metal catalysts, strong oxidants and multi-step methodologies with metal and strong oxidant-free single-step protocols has revolutionized the field of sustainable organic synthesis. Electro-organic synthesis has evolved as a scalable and sustainable approach in different synthetic protocols in an environment-benign manner. The current review outlines the recent developments in C-C, C-N, C-S and C-O/Se bond formation for heterocycle synthesis using electrochemical methods. Different synthetic strategies and their detailed mechanistic description are presented to enlighten the future applications of electrochemistry in heterocycle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal university, Bhiwani-127021, India.
| | - Jyoti
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal university, Bhiwani-127021, India.
| | - Kiran
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCSHAU, Hisar-125004, India.
| | - Deepak Wadhwa
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal university, Bhiwani-127021, India.
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H, CCSHAU, Hisar-125004, India.
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10
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Ruan S, Zhou C, Li L, Wang L, Liu J, Li P. Microwave-accelerated and benzoyl peroxide (BPO)-initiated cyclization of 1,5-enynes having cyano groups with cyclic alkanes under metal-free conditions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3817-3822. [PMID: 35467683 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00430e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient method for preparing exocyclic indan derivatives, with this method involving benzoyl peroxide (BPO)-initiated cyclization of 1,5-enynes having cyano groups with simple cyclic alkanes under microwave irradiation, has been developed. The presented approach showed advantages of simple conditions, an environmentally friendly protocol, good functional-group tolerance, and high yields of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Laiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China. .,Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China.
| | - Pinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China. .,Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering and College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. of China.
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11
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Mou XQ, Ren LC, Zhang M, Wang M, Jin YF, Guan QX, Cai A, Zhang SM, Ren H, Zhang Y, Chen YZ. Complementary Copper-Catalyzed and Electrochemical Aminosulfonylation of O-Homoallyl Benzimidates and N-Alkenyl Amidines with Sodium Sulfinates. Org Lett 2022; 24:1405-1411. [PMID: 35138858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A complementary copper-catalyzed and electrochemical aminosulfonylation of O-homoallyl benzimidates and N-alkenyl amidines with sodium sulfinates was developed. The terminal alkene substrate produced sulfone-containing 1,3-oxazines and tetrahydropyrimidines in the presence of Cu(OAc)2, Ag2CO3, and DPP, and under similar reaction conditions, sulfonylated tetrahydro-1,3-oxazepines were prepared from 1-aryl-substituted O-homoallyl benzimidates in moderate to good yields. For certain electron-rich 1,1-diaryl-substituted alkene substrates, the corresponding tetrahydro-1,3-oxazepines could also be obtained in similar or even higher yields via a green electrochemical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Mou
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Chen Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Fan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Xin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Ang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Hai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, P. R. China
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12
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Bugaenko DI, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Transition metal-free cross-coupling reactions with the formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Shukla G, Saha P, Pali P, Raghuvanshi K, Singh MS. Electrochemical Synthesis of 1,2,3-Thiadiazoles from α-Phenylhydrazones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:18004-18016. [PMID: 34818010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an electrochemical approach for the synthesis of fully substituted 1,2,3-thiadiazoles from α-phenylhydrazones at room temperature, which is very challenging and complementary to the conventional thermal reactions. The key step involves anodic oxidation of phenylhydrazone derivatives at a constant current followed by N,S-heterocyclization. The protocol is remarkable in that it is free of a base and free of an external oxidant and can be converted to a gram scale for postsynthetic drug development with functional thiadiazoles. Most importantly, the electrochemical transformation reflected efficient electro-oxidation with an operationally friendly easy procedure with ample functional molecules. Cyclic voltammograms support the mechanism of this electro-oxidative cyclization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Shukla
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Priya Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pragya Pali
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Keshav Raghuvanshi
- Chemical Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004, India
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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14
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Gou G, Zhang Z, Fan T, Fang L, Liu M, Li L. Synthesis, optical properties and self-organization of blue-emitting butterfly-shaped dithienobenzosiloles. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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15
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Liang S, Hofman K, Friedrich M, Keller J, Manolikakes G. Recent Progress and Emerging Technologies towards a Sustainable Synthesis of Sulfones. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:4878-4902. [PMID: 34476903 PMCID: PMC9292207 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfones play a pivotal role in modern organic chemistry. They are highly versatile building blocks and find various applications as drugs, agrochemicals, or functional materials. Therefore, sustainable access to this class of molecules is of great interest. Herein, the goal was to provide a summary on recent developments in the field of sustainable sulfone synthesis. Advances and existing limitations in traditional approaches towards sulfones were reviewed on selected examples. Furthermore, novel emerging technologies for a more sustainable sulfone synthesis and future directions were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyQingdao University Medical CollegeNo.1 Ningde Road266073QingdaoP. R. China
| | - Kamil Hofman
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Str. Geb. 54D-67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Marius Friedrich
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Str. Geb. 54D-67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Julian Keller
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Str. Geb. 54D-67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Georg Manolikakes
- Department of ChemistryTU KaiserslauternErwin-Schrödinger-Str. Geb. 54D-67663KaiserslauternGermany
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16
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Ye X, Wu X, Guo SR, Huang D, Sun X. Recent advances of sodium sulfinates in radical reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Bhattacharya A, Thirupathi A, Natarajan P, Peruncheralathan S. Chemoselective Ullmann Reaction of α-Trisubstituted Thioamides: Synthesis of Novel 2-Iminobenzothiolanes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:21169-21180. [PMID: 34423225 PMCID: PMC8375098 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
New classes of unexplored benzo[b]thiolanes are synthesized from trisubstituted thioamides through copper-catalyzed intramolecular S-arylation of thioamides for the first time. This method provides good to excellent yields with fully controlled chemoselectivity. Unusually, iminobenzo[b]thiolanes are very stable under mild acidic conditions. A plausible mechanism is proposed for the chemoselective S-arylation process.
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18
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Kim W, Kim HY, Oh K. Oxidation Potential-Guided Electrochemical Radical-Radical Cross-Coupling Approaches to 3-Sulfonylated Imidazopyridines and Indolizines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15973-15991. [PMID: 34185997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation potential-guided electrochemical radical-radical cross-coupling reactions between N-heteroarenes and sodium sulfinates have been established. Thus, simple cyclic voltammetry measurement of substrates predicts the likelihood of successful radical-radical coupling reactions, allowing the simple and direct synthetic access to 3-sulfonylated imidazopyridines and indolizines. The developed electrochemical radical-radical cross-coupling reactions to sulfonylated N-heteroarenes boast the green synthetic nature of the reactions that are oxidant- and metal-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansoo Kim
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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19
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Zhou N, Kuang K, Wu M, Wu S, Xu Q, Xia Z, Zhang M. tert
‐Butyl Hydroperoxide‐Initiated Radical Cyclization of 1‐(Allyloxy)‐2‐(1‐Arylvinyl)Benzenes with Sulfinic Acids to Access Sulfonated Benzoxepines. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nengneng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids Ministry of Education Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu Anhui 241000 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaimo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids Ministry of Education Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu Anhui 241000 People's Republic of China
| | - Meixia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids Ministry of Education Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu Anhui 241000 People's Republic of China
| | - Sixin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids Ministry of Education Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu Anhui 241000 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiankun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids Ministry of Education Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu Anhui 241000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids Ministry of Education Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu Anhui 241000 People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids Ministry of Education Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu Anhui 241000 People's Republic of China
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20
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Zhang MM, Sun Y, Wang WW, Chen KK, Yang WC, Wang L. Electrochemical synthesis of sulfonated benzothiophenes using 2-alkynylthioanisoles and sodium sulfinates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3844-3849. [PMID: 33949560 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sulfonylation/cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles with sodium sulfinates was developed under catalyst-, external oxidant- and metal-free conditions. The electrosynthesis provides sustainable and efficient access to 3-sulfonated benzothiophenes with good substrate scope and functional group tolerance. This cascade radical process has been triggered through a sulfonyl radical addition to alkynes using sodium sulfinates under electrochemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Zhang
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Sun
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Wan-Wan Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P. R. China
| | - Kang-Kang Chen
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China.
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21
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Han L, Huang M, Li Y, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Kim JK, Wu Y. An electrolyte- and catalyst-free electrooxidative sulfonylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An electrolyte- and catalyst-free electrooxidative C–H activation reaction is developed to afford 3-sulfonylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Han
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
| | - Yabo Li
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
| | - Jianye Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
| | - Yu Zhu
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
| | - Jung Keun Kim
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
| | - Yangjie Wu
- College of Chemistry
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Henan Universities
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
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