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Yang H, Li Y, Zhang W, Song J, Hu J, Wang M, Yao H, Xu X, Li N, Yang Y, Yu R, Xie S, Ye C, Wei G. Regioselective Hydrodeoxygenation of α-Diketones with Phosphites under Visible-Light Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:7422-7427. [PMID: 37781988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel regioselective hydrodeoxygenation of α-diketones with phosphites as the deoxygenation reagent was realized via visible-light photoredox catalysis. Broad substrate scope and high functional group compatibility were obtained. Unsymmetric α-diketones were selectively reduced at the carbonyls of higher electrophilicity. This unique regioselectivity compared with available methods makes it a practical complementary approach for the monohydrodeoxygenation of α-diketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Song
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Ye
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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Recent Advances in Synthetic Routes to Azacycles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062737. [PMID: 36985708 PMCID: PMC10054516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A heterocycle is an important structural scaffold of many organic compounds found in pharmaceuticals, materials, agrochemicals, and biological processes. Azacycles are one of the most common motifs of a heterocycle and have a variety of applications, including in pharmaceuticals. Therefore, azacycles have received significant attention from scientists and a variety of methods of synthesizing azacycles have been developed because their efficient synthesis plays a vital role in the production of many useful compounds. In this review, we summarize recent approaches to preparing azacycles via different methods as well as describe plausible reaction mechanisms.
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Pal S, Das S, Chakraborty S, Khanra S, Paul ND. Zn(II)-Catalyzed Multicomponent Sustainable Synthesis of Pyridines in Air. J Org Chem 2023; 88:3650-3665. [PMID: 36854027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Zn(II)-catalyzed solvent-free sustainable synthesis of tri- and tetra-substituted pyridines using alcohols as the primary feedstock and NH4OAc as the nitrogen source. Using a well-defined air-stable Zn(II)-catalyst, 1a, featuring a redox-active tridentate azo-aromatic pincer, 2-((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (La), a wide variety of unsymmetrical 2,4,6-substituted pyridines were prepared by three-component coupling of primary and secondary alcohols with NH4OAc. Catalyst 1a is equally compatible with the four-component coupling. Unsymmetrical 2,4,6-substituted pyridines were also prepared via a four-component coupling of a primary alcohol with two different secondary alcohols and NH4OAc. A series of tetra-substituted pyridines were prepared up to 67% yield by coupling primary and secondary alcohols with 1-phenylpropan-1-one or 1,2-diphenylethan-1-one and NH4OAc. The 1a-catalyzed reactions also proceeded efficiently upon replacing the secondary alcohols with the corresponding ketones, producing the desired tri- and tetra-substituted pyridines in higher yields in a shorter reaction time. A few control experiments were performed to unveil the mechanistic aspects, which indicates that the active participation of the aryl-azo ligand during catalysis enables the Zn(II)-complex to act as an efficient catalyst for the present multicomponent reactions. Aerial oxygen acts as an oxidant during the Zn(II)-catalyzed dehydrogenation of alcohols, producing H2O and H2O2 as byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Siuli Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhankar Khanra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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Marques CS, Carreiro EP, Teixeira APS. Multicomponent Synthesis of Heterocycles. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527832002.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Reza AI, Iwai K, Nishiwaki N. Recent Advances in Synthesis of Multiply Arylated/Alkylated Pyridines. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200099. [PMID: 35701177 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multiply aryl/alkyl-substituted pyridines are some of the untapped synthetic targets because of the challenge in regioselectively introducing less polar aryl/alkyl groups at the desired positions in the pyridine framework. Interestingly, the importance of this family of compounds has increased annually, particularly in biological and materials engineering applications. The syntheses of such pyridines have been extensively reported, but there is a lack of comprehensive review articles. Hence, this review discusses recent advances by grouping reaction patterns that generally deliver tri-, tetra-, and penta-aryl/alkyl pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Indah Reza
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Kento Iwai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.,Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan.,Research Center for Molecular Design, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
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Chan CK, Chung YH, Wang CC. TMSOTf-mediated Kröhnke pyridine synthesis using HMDS as the nitrogen source under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8263-8273. [PMID: 35424740 PMCID: PMC8982443 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient protocol for the preparation of pyridine skeletons has been successfully developed involving the TMSOTf/HMDS (trifluoromethanesulfonic acid/hexamethyldisilane) system for the intermolecular cyclization of chalcones under MW (microwave) irradiation conditions. This method provides a facile approach to synthesize 2,4,6-triaryl or 3-benzyl-2,4,6-triarylpyridines in good to excellent yields. Interestingly, the 2,6-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene core was obtained by changing the acid additive to Sn(OTf)2, and the desired product was also confirmed using X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. A Kröhnke pyridine synthetic route towards functionalized TAPs and 3-benzyl TAPs has been established using TMSOTf/HMDS under microwave irradiation conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Kai Chan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Chung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan
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Mao Y, Mao H, Xu J, Liu T, Liu B, Tan Q, Ding CH, Xu B. Synthesis of Poly-Substituted Pyridines via Noble-Metal-Free Cycloaddition of Ketones and Imines. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3905-3908. [PMID: 34626095 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An eco-friendly and noble-metal-free formal [4+2] cycloaddition reaction was developed for the efficient synthesis of biologically interesting poly-substituted pyridines from easily available ketones and imines, whereby two sequential C-C bonds are formed. The given approach features a unique synthetic strategy of imines and ketones with wide substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, mild conditions and operational simplicity, which represents a more direct pathway to synthesize poly-substituted pyridines than traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hong Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Qitao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hua Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Innovative Drug Research Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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