1
|
Kania MJ, Reyes A, Neufeldt SR. Oxidative Addition of (Hetero)aryl (Pseudo)halides at Palladium(0): Origin and Significance of Divergent Mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19249-19260. [PMID: 38959060 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Two limiting mechanisms are possible for oxidative addition of (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halides at Pd(0): a 3-centered concerted and a nucleophilic displacement mechanism. Until now, there has been little understanding about when each mechanism is relevant. Prior investigations to distinguish between these pathways were limited to a few specific combinations of the substrate and ligand. Here, we computationally evaluated over 180 transition structures for oxidative addition in order to determine mechanistic trends based on substrate, ligand(s), and coordination number. Natural abundance 13C kinetic isotope effects provide experimental results consistent with computational predictions. Key findings include that (1) differences in highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) symmetries dictate that, although 12e- PdL is strongly biased toward a 3-centered concerted mechanism, 14e- PdL2 often prefers a nucleophilic displacement mechanism; (2) ligand electronics and sterics, including ligand bite angle, influence the preferred mechanism of the reaction at PdL2; (3) phenyl triflate always reacts through a displacement mechanism regardless of the catalyst structure due to the stability of a triflate anion and the inability of oxygen to effectively donate electron density to Pd; and (4) the high reactivity of C-X bonds adjacent to nitrogen in pyridine substrates relates to stereoelectronic stabilization of a nucleophilic displacement transition state. This work has implications for controlling rate and selectivity in catalytic couplings, and we demonstrate application of the mechanistic insight toward chemodivergent cross-couplings of bromochloroheteroarenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kania
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Albert Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Monti A, López-Serrano J, Prieto A, Nicasio MC. Broad-Scope Amination of Aryl Sulfamates Catalyzed by a Palladium Phosphine Complex. ACS Catal 2023; 13:10945-10952. [PMID: 37614522 PMCID: PMC10443792 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Among phenol-derived electrophiles, aryl sulfamates are attractive substrates since they can be employed as directing groups for C-H functionalization prior to catalysis. However, their use in C-N coupling is limited only to Ni catalysis. Here, we describe a Pd-based catalyst with a broad scope for the amination of aryl sulfamates. We show that the N-methyl-2-aminobiphenyl palladacycle supported by the PCyp2ArXyl2 ligand (Cyp = cyclopentyl; ArXyl2 = 2,6-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phenyl) efficiently catalyzes the C-N coupling of aryl sulfamates with a variety of nitrogen nucleophiles, including anilines, primary and secondary alkyl amines, heteroaryl amines, N-heterocycles, and primary amides. DFT calculations support that the oxidative addition of the aryl sulfamate is the rate-determining step. The C-N coupling takes place through a cationic pathway in the polar protic medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Monti
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación Química Avanzada
(ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and
CSIC, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Auxiliadora Prieto
- Laboratorio
de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro
de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento
de Química, Universidad de Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, 21007 Huelva, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Nicasio
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rama RJ, Maya C, Molina F, Nova A, Nicasio MC. Important Role of NH-Carbazole in Aryl Amination Reactions Catalyzed by 2-Aminobiphenyl Palladacycles. ACS Catal 2023; 13:3934-3948. [PMID: 36970467 PMCID: PMC10029719 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
2-Aminobiphenyl palladacycles are among the most successful precatalysts for Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, including aryl amination. However, the role of NH-carbazole, a byproduct of precatalyst activation, remains poorly understood. Herein, the mechanism of the aryl amination reactions catalyzed by a cationic 2-aminobiphenyl palladacycle supported by a terphenyl phosphine ligand, PCyp2ArXyl2 (Cyp = cyclopentyl; ArXyl2 = 2,6-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phenyl), P1, has been thoroughly investigated. Combining computational and experimental studies, we found that the Pd(II) oxidative addition intermediate reacts with NH-carbazole in the presence of the base (NaO t Bu) to yield a stable aryl carbazolyl Pd(II) complex. This species functions as the catalyst resting state, providing the amount of monoligated LPd(0) species required for catalysis and minimizing Pd decomposition. In the case of a reaction with aniline, an equilibrium between the carbazolyl complex and the on-cycle anilido analogue is established, which allows for a fast reaction at room temperature. In contrast, heating is required in a reaction with alkylamines, whose deprotonation involves coordination to the Pd center. A microkinetic model was built combining computational and experimental data to validate the mechanistic proposals. In conclusion, our study shows that despite the rate reduction observed in some reactions by the formation of the aryl carbazolyl Pd(II) complex, this species reduces catalyst decomposition and could be considered an alternative precatalyst in cross-coupling reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel J. Rama
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Molina
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Ainara Nova
- Department of Chemistry, Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Carmen Nicasio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kanarat J, Bunchuay T, Chutimasakul T, Limprasart W, Unlum J, Tantirungrotechai J. Copper‐Chitosan Beads as Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalysts for C−H Oxidation and C−X Amination. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurin Kanarat
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Thanthapatra Bunchuay
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Threeraphat Chutimasakul
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) Nakhon Nayok 26120 Thailand
| | - Waranya Limprasart
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Jetnarin Unlum
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Jonggol Tantirungrotechai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry Faculty of Science Mahidol University Rama 6 Road Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lan J, Zhang T, Yang Y, Li X, Chung LW. A Mechanistic Study of the Cobalt(I)-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides: Effects of Metal and Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18019-18032. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tonghuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Verma R, Jing Y, Liu H, Aggarwal V, Goswami HK, Bala E, Ke Z, Verma PK. Employing Ammonia for Diverse Amination Reactions: Recent Developments of Abundantly Available and Challenging Nitrogen Sources. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Verma
- Shoolini University School of Advanced Chemical Sciences INDIA
| | - Yaru Jing
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering: Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab INDIA
| | - Honghu Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering: Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry School of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab INDIA
| | - Varun Aggarwal
- Shoolini University School of Advanced Chemical Sciences INDIA
| | | | - Ekta Bala
- Shoolini University School of Advanced Chemical Sciences 173229 Solan INDIA
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering: Sun Yat-sen University School of Chemistry chool of Materials Science & Engineering, PCFM Lab INDIA
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Shoolini University School of Advanced Chemical Sciences Solan 173229 Solan INDIA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Campus UAB 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalonia Spain
| |
Collapse
|