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Biçer E, Yılmaz M. Recent Advances in Manganese(III)-Assisted Radical Cyclization for the Synthesis of Natural Products: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2264. [PMID: 38792125 PMCID: PMC11123744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products play an important part in synthetic chemistry since they have many pharmacological properties and are used as active drug compounds in pharmaceutical chemistry. However, synthesis of these complex molecules is difficult due to the requirement of various synthetic steps, which include highly regio- and stereoselectivity. Therefore, oxidative radical cyclization assisted by manganese(III) acetate serves as an important step in obtaining spiro-, tricyclic, tetracyclic, and polycyclic derivatives of these compounds. Manganese(III)-based reactions offer a single-step regio- and stereoselective cyclizations and α-acetoxidations, reducing the number of synthetic steps. Also, the manganese(III)-mediated oxidative free radical cyclization method has been successfully applied for the synthesis of cyclic structures found in many natural products. This article presents a broad overview of manganese(III)-based radical reactions of natural products as a key step in overall synthesis. The authors have classified natural product synthesis processes assisted by manganese(III) acetate as intermolecular, intramolecular, oxidation, acetoxidation, aromatization, and polymerization reactions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Biçer
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sivas University of Science and Technology, 58010 Sivas, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Yılmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Kocaeli University, 41380 Umuttepe, Türkiye;
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2
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Zhou W, Li ZQ, Cheng C, Lu L, Yang R, Song XR, Luo MJ, Xiao Q. Electrochemical Arene Radical Cation Promoted Spirocyclization of Biaryl Ynones: Access to Alkoxylated Spiro[5,5]trienones. Org Lett 2023; 25:9158-9163. [PMID: 38101415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel electrochemical arene radical cation promoted dearomative spirocyclization of biaryl ynones with alcohols is described, providing a conceptually novel transformation mode for producing diverse alkoxylated spiro[5,5]trienones. The catalyst- and chemical-oxidant-free spirocyclization protocol features broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies reveal that the generation of arene radical cation via anodic single-electron oxidation is crucial, with sequential 6-endo-dig cyclization, dissociation of hemiketal, anodic oxidation, and nucleophilic attack of alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Zi-Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Chaozhihui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Ruchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Xian-Rong Song
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Mu-Jia Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China
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Wang J, Lu XX, Yang RP, Xiang ZH, Zhang BB, Chao S, Liu L, Yan Y, Shang X. Synthesis of Spiro[5.5]trienones- and Spiro[4.5]trienones-Fused Selenocyanates via Electrophilic Selenocyanogen Cyclization and Dearomative Spirocyclization. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13089-13101. [PMID: 36170059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical strategy for the synthesis of spiro[5.5]trienones-fused selenocyanates and spiro[4.5]trienones-fused selenocyanates through electrophilic selenocyanogen cyclization and dearomative spirocyclization is reported. This approach was conducted under mild conditions with broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. The utility of this procedure is exhibited in the late-stage functionalization of nature product and drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Run-Ping Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Xiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Bing-Bing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Shujun Chao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Yunhui Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Xuefang Shang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
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Lu P, Zhuang W, Lu L, Liu A, Chen Y, Wu C, Zhang X, Huang Q. Chemodivergent Synthesis of Indeno[1,2- b]indoles and Isoindolo[2,1- a]indoles via Mn(III)-Mediated or Electrochemical Intramolecular Radical Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10967-10981. [PMID: 35901234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chemodivergent synthesis of indeno[1,2-b]indoles and isoindolo[2,1-a]indoles from the same starting materials involving radical cross-dehydrogenative couplings have been developed. Mn(OAc)3·2H2O selectively promoted an intramolecular radical C-H/C-H dehydrogenative coupling reaction to provide indeno[1,2-b]indoles, while an intramolecular radical C-H/N-H dehydrogenative coupling reaction could proceed via electrochemistry to deliver isoindolo[2,1-a]indoles. Plausible mechanisms of the chemodivergent reactions were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Weihui Zhuang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Leipeng Lu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Anyi Liu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Yixi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Chenmeng Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
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Xu L, Ma H, An X, Li Y, Zhang Q, Liu X, Wang M. Total synthesis, structure revision and cytotoxic activity of Sch 53825 and its derivatives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17629-17636. [PMID: 35765427 PMCID: PMC9194939 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02898k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The first total synthesis of Sch 53825 (14) was achieved in 12 steps from 5-hydroxy-1-tetralone in 16% overall yield through N-benzyl cinchoninium chloride-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation and a Mitsunobu reaction as the key steps. On this basis, the synthesis of palmarumycin B6 was improved using the same raw material with 6 steps and 32% overall yield. Also, three new analogues with two chlorine atoms were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, HR-ESI-MS and X-ray diffraction data. The structure of natural Sch 53825 was revised as an epimer of compound 1 with the anti-hydroxy epoxide at C-4. Their cytotoxic activities against several tumor cell lines (HCT116, U251, BGC823, Huh-7 and PC9) showed that compound 11 exhibited excellent cytotoxicity against above mentioned cancer cell lines with IC50 < 0.5 μM. The first total synthesis of Sch 53825 (14) was achieved in 12 steps from 5-hydroxy-1-tetralone in 16% overall yield through N-benzyl cinchoninium chloride-catalyzed asymmetric epoxidation and a Mitsunobu reaction as the key steps.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Leichuan Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyun Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinkun An
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlei Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China
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Yang J, Wang Y, Guan W, Su W, Li G, Zhang S, Yao H. Spiral molecules with antimalarial activities: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Das AJ, Das SK. One-Pot Double Intramolecular Cyclization Approach to Tetralin-Based Cis-Fused Tetracyclic Compounds. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5085-5096. [PMID: 35333509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein is a BF3·OEt2-mediated, diastereoselective one-pot double cyclization of 4-aryl-2-[(arylthio)methyl]butanals leading to the formation of cis-tetrahydro-6H-naphtho[2,1-c]thiochromenes for the first time. Mechanistically, the formation of the title products involves the one-pot intramolecular Friedel-Crafts hydroxyalkylation/intramolecular Friedel-Crafts alkylation cascade. This synthetic methodology is featured by its high atom economy, broad substrate scope, mild transition-metal-free reaction conditions, capability to assemble two new rings in one pot, and moderate to high yields (up to 94% yield). It was then applied in the synthesis of a thia analogue of brazilane and a chromeno[3,4-c]chromene derivative. Moreover, the methodology was successfully extended to the synthesis of cis-hexahydrobenzo[c]phenanthrenes. Specifically, 1,5-diarylpentan-3-ones were first subjected to the Corey-Chaykovsky reaction, and the resulting epoxides, without being chromatographically isolated, were treated with BF3·OEt2 to afford the cyclized products in high yields (up to 84% yield over two steps).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam 784028, India
| | - Sajal Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam 784028, India
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Goulart HA, Bartz RH, Peglow TJ, Barcellos AM, Cervo R, Cargnelutti R, Jacob RG, Lenardão EJ, Perin G. Synthesis of Seleno-Dibenzocycloheptenones/Spiro[5.5]Trienones by Radical Cyclization of Biaryl Ynones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4273-4283. [PMID: 35245049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report herein an alternative method for the synthesis of seleno-dibenzocycloheptenones and seleno-spiro[5.5]trienones through the radical cyclization of biaryl ynones in the presence of diorganyl diselenides, using Oxone as a green oxidizing agent. The reactions were conducted using acetonitrile as the solvent in a sealed tube at 100 °C. The protocol is operationally simple and scalable, exhibits high regioselectivity, and allows the synthesis of 24 dibenzocycloheptenones/spiro[5.5]trienones in yields of up to 99%, 17 of which are unpublished compounds. Additionally, synthetic transformations of the prepared compounds, such as oxidation and reduction reactions, are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen A Goulart
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo H Bartz
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago J Peglow
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelita M Barcellos
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cervo
- Departamento de Química, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cargnelutti
- Departamento de Química, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel G Jacob
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa - LASOL, CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354-96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Cao T, Zhu L, Huang J, Yang Z. Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Diarylation of 1,3-Diketone in Total Synthesis of (±)-Spiroaxillarone A. Org Lett 2022; 24:1491-1495. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 200038, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Long X, Zhang M, Yang X, Deng J. Total Synthesis of (±)-Spiroaxillarone A via a Reversible Sulfa-Michael Addition. Org Lett 2022; 24:1303-1307. [PMID: 35099976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A bioinspired strategy is described for the total synthesis of spiroaxillarone A, which exhibited significant antimalarial activity against resistant Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 = 2.32 μM). The key steps include an intermolecular ethanethiol Michael addition, o-quinone Michael addition, and subsequent β-ethanethiol elimination. This synthetic sequence provides a potential biosynthetic pathway of spiroaxillarone A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwen Long
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products; School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
| | - Jun Deng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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