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Bader CD, Nichols AL, Yang D, Shen B. Interplay of emerging and established technologies drives innovation in natural product antibiotic discovery. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 75:102359. [PMID: 37517368 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A continued rise of antibiotic resistance and shortages of effective antibiotics necessitate the discovery and development of new antibiotics with novel modes of action (MoAs) against resistant pathogens. While natural products remain the best resource for antibiotic discovery, their exploration faces many challenges, including (i) unknown MoAs, (ii) high rediscovery rates, (iii) tedious isolation and structure elucidation, and (iv) insufficient production for further development. We have identified recent innovations in screening methods, microbiology, bioinformatics, and metabolomics technologies, as well as natural product-inspired synthesis and synthetic biology, that have contributed to new natural product antibiotics in the past two years. We highlight their interplay as the key element for successful applications, driving future opportunities to increase the pool of natural product-based antibacterial antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal D Bader
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Angela L Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States; Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States; Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States; Department of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States; Natural Products Discovery Center, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States; Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States.
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Abstract
The ability to site-selectively modify equivalent functional groups in a molecule has the potential to streamline syntheses and increase product yields by lowering step counts. Enzymes catalyze site-selective transformations throughout primary and secondary metabolism, but leveraging this capability for non-native substrates and reactions requires a detailed understanding of the potential and limitations of enzyme catalysis and how these bounds can be extended by protein engineering. In this review, we discuss representative examples of site-selective enzyme catalysis involving functional group manipulation and C-H bond functionalization. We include illustrative examples of native catalysis, but our focus is on cases involving non-native substrates and reactions often using engineered enzymes. We then discuss the use of these enzymes for chemoenzymatic transformations and target-oriented synthesis and conclude with a survey of tools and techniques that could expand the scope of non-native site-selective enzyme catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Harrison M Snodgrass
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christian A Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Vanable EP, Habgood LG, Patrone JD. Current Progress in the Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Natural Products. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196373. [PMID: 36234909 PMCID: PMC9571504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products, with their array of structural complexity, diversity, and biological activity, have inspired generations of chemists and driven the advancement of techniques in their total syntheses. The field of natural product synthesis continuously evolves through the development of methodologies to improve stereoselectivity, yield, scalability, substrate scope, late-stage functionalization, and/or enable novel reactions. One of the more interesting and unique techniques to emerge in the last thirty years is the use of chemoenzymatic reactions in the synthesis of natural products. This review highlights some of the recent examples and progress in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of natural products from 2019–2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Vanable
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Elmhurst University, Elmhurst, IL 60126, USA
| | - Laurel G. Habgood
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA
| | - James D. Patrone
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of natural products and their analogs. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2022; 77:102759. [PMID: 35908314 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes continue to gain recognition as valuable tools in synthetic chemistry as they enable transformations, which elude conventional organochemical approaches. As such, the progressing expansion of the biocatalytic arsenal has introduced unprecedented opportunities for new synthetic strategies and retrosynthetic disconnections. As a result, enzymes have found a solid foothold in modern natural product synthesis for applications ranging from the generation of early chiral synthons to endgame transformations, convergent synthesis, and cascade reactions for the rapid construction of molecular complexity. As a primer to the state-of-the-art concerning strategic uses of enzymes in natural product synthesis and the underlying concepts, this review highlights selected recent literature examples, which make a strong case for the admission of enzymatic methodologies into the standard repertoire for complex small-molecule synthesis.
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Jiang K, Yan X, Deng Z, Lei C, Qu X. Expanding the Chemical Diversity of Fasamycin Via Genome Mining and Biocatalysis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:943-950. [PMID: 35325544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genome mining and biocatalytic modification of chemical structures are critical methods to develop new antibiotics. In this study, eight new fasamycins (3, 4, 6, and 8-12) along with five known analogues (1, 2, 5, 7, and 13) were obtained by the overexpression of two phosphopantetheinyl transferases (PPtases) in Streptomyces kanamyceticus and biocatalytic transformation with two halogenases. These new compounds displayed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, in particular, C-29-methyl and C-2/C-22-halogen derivatives. This study increases the chemical diversity of bioactive fasamycin derivatives and provides useful halogenation tools for engineering their scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chun Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xudong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Zhang Q, He H, Gao S. Total Synthesis of Streptovertidione and Bioinspired Transformation to Streptovertidine A and Formicapyridine A. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4239-4242. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00947a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a concise total synthesis of streptovertidione, and its transformation to streptovertidine A and formicapyridine A through a bioinspired pyridination. This stratage features: 1) a one-pot Ti(O-iPr)4-mediated photoenolization/Diels-Alder...
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