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Kitagawa O. Structural Chemistry of C-N Axially Chiral Compounds. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11089-11099. [PMID: 39087953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In the last several years, atropisomers owing to the rotational restriction around a C-N single bond (C-N axially chiral compounds) have attracted significant attention in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. In particular, the highly enantioselective synthesis of various C-N axially chiral compounds and their application to asymmetric reactions have been reported by many groups. On the other hand, studies on the structural chemistry of C-N axially chiral compounds have attracted scant attention in comparison with synthetic studies. For over 25 years, our group has explored asymmetric synthesis of C-N axially chiral compounds and their synthetic application. In the course of these synthetic studies, we found several notable structural properties in relation to the C-N bond rotation and an association of enantiomers (the relationship between the rotational stability and the structure or electronic effect, the chirality-dependent halogen bond, and the self-disproportionation of enantiomers). Furthermore, on the basis of these structural properties, the development of acid-mediated molecular rotors and the synthesis of isotopic atropisomers possessing high stereochemical purity and rotational stability were achieved. Through this Perspective, I wish to make the chemistry community aware that C-N axially chiral compounds are attractive molecules from the viewpoints of both synthetic organic chemistry and structural chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kitagawa
- Chemistry and Materials Program, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8548, Japan
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2
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Arita H, Tanaka R, Kikukawa S, Tomizawa T, Sakata H, Funada M, Tomiyama K, Hashimoto M, Tasaka T, Tabata H, Nakamura K, Makino K, Oshitari T, Natsugari H, Takahashi H. Fentanyl-Type Antagonist of the μ-Opioid Receptor: Important Role of Axial Chirality in the Active Conformation. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10447-10463. [PMID: 38869493 PMCID: PMC11215721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, synthetic opioids have emerged as a predominant cause of drug-overdose-related fatalities, causing the "opioid crisis." To design safer therapeutic agents, we accidentally discovered μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonists based on fentanyl with a relatively uncomplicated chemical composition that potentiates structural modifications. Here, we showed the development of novel atropisomeric fentanyl analogues that exhibit more potent antagonistic activity against MOR than naloxone, a morphinan MOR antagonist. Derivatives displaying stable axial chirality were synthesized based on the amide structure of fentanyl. The aS- and aR-enantiomers exerted antagonistic and agonistic effects on the MOR, respectively, and each atropisomer interacted with the MOR by assuming a distinct binding mode through molecular docking. These findings suggest that introducing atropisomerism into fentanyl may serve as a key feature in the molecular design of future MOR antagonists to help mitigate the opioid crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Arita
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryoko Tanaka
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Kikukawa
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Tomizawa
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Haruka Sakata
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiko Funada
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shonan University
of Medical Sciences, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 224-0806, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tomiyama
- Section
of Addictive Drug Research, Department of Drug Dependence Research,
National Institute of Mental Health, National
Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8533, Japan
| | - Masaru Hashimoto
- Faculty
of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki
University, Hirosaki-shi, Aomori 036-8561, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tasaka
- Affinity
Science Corporation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0031, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tabata
- Faculty of
Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kayo Nakamura
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kosho Makino
- Research
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino
University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuta Oshitari
- Faculty of
Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hideaki Natsugari
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University
of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Chiba A, Tanaka R, Hotta M, Nakamura K, Makino K, Tabata H, Oshitari T, Natsugari H, Takahashi H. Stereochemistry of N-Acyl-5 H-dibenzo[ b, d]azepin-7(6 H)-ones. Molecules 2023; 28:4734. [PMID: 37375290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The stereochemical properties of N-acyl-5H-dibenzo[b,d]azepin-7(6H)-ones (2a-c), which inhibit potassium channels in T cells, were examined by freezing their conformational change due to 4-methyl substitution. N-Acyl-5H-dibenzo[b,d]azepin-7(6H)-ones exist as pairs of enantiomers [(a1R, a2R), (a1S, a2S)], and each atropisomer is separable at room temperature. An alternate procedure for preparing 5H-dibenzo[b,d]azepin-7(6H)-ones involves the intramolecular Friedel-Crafts cyclization of N-benzyloxycarbonylated biaryl amino acids. Consequently, the N-benzyloxy group was removed during the cyclization reaction to produce 5H-dibenzo[b,d]azepin-7(6H)-ones suitable for the subsequent N-acylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Chiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ryoko Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Mayuno Hotta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kayo Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kosho Makino
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tabata
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tetsuta Oshitari
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hideaki Natsugari
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Tanaka R, Nabae A, Yamane K, Makino K, Tabata H, Oshitari T, Natsugari H, Takahashi H. Atropisomeric Properties of <i>N</i>-Alkyl/Aryl 5<i>H</i>-Dibenz[<i>b</i>,<i>f</i>]azepines. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:573-579. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c22-00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Ayana Nabae
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Koki Yamane
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kosho Makino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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Yang YD, Yang BB, Li L. A nonneglectable stereochemical factor in drug development: Atropisomerism. Chirality 2022; 34:1355-1370. [PMID: 35904531 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is one of the key factors affecting the medicinal efficacy of compounds. In addition to central chirality, sterically hindered chiral axes commonly appear in drugs and the resulting chirality is known as atropisomerism. With developments in medicinal chemistry, atropisomerism has attracted increasing attention. This review discusses the classification, biological activity, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and side effects of atropisomers, and can serve as a reference in the research and development of potential chiral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bei-Bei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Mandal S, Pramanik A. Synthesis of Hydroxylated Polycyclic Pyrrolo/Indolo[1,2- a]quinoxaline-Fused Lactam Derivatives via PhI(OAc) 2-Promoted 1,2-Bond Migration and Solvent Insertion. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9282-9295. [PMID: 35786893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PhI(OAc)2-mediated ring expansion via 1,2-bond migration and concurrent solvent insertion generate hydroxylated polycyclic pyrrolo/indolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline-fused lactam derivatives in a highly diastereoselective fashion from spiro-fused quinoxalines in good-to-excellent yield. X-ray crystal structure analysis reveals that the polycyclic lactams are nonplanar molecules devoid of any symmetry as they possess one or two axially chiral biaryl or N-arylindolyl bridges along with one chiral center at the bridgehead carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhro Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Animesh Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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