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Das A, Justin Thomas KR. Generation and Application of Aryl Radicals Under Photoinduced Conditions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400193. [PMID: 38546345 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Photoinduced aryl radical generation is a powerful strategy in organic synthesis that facilitates the formation of diverse carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. The synthetic applications of photoinduced aryl radical formation in the synthesis of complex organic compounds, including natural products, physiologically significant molecules, and functional materials, have received immense attention. An overview of current developments in photoinduced aryl radical production methods and their uses in organic synthesis is given in this article. A generalized idea of how to choose the reagents and approach for the generation of aryl radicals is described, along with photoinduced techniques and associated mechanistic insights. Overall, this article offers a critical assessment of the mechanistic results as well as the selection of reaction parameters for specific reagents in the context of radical cascades, cross-coupling reactions, aryl radical functionalization, and selective C-H functionalization of aryl substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Das
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - K R Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
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2
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Jin XY, He YM, Hui TH, Liu L, Cheng L. Selective Methylation of Nucleosides via an In Situ Generated Methyl Oxonium. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3597-3604. [PMID: 38356389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A very mild and efficient procedure has been developed for the preparation of N-methylated uridine, pseudouridine, guanosine and inosine derivatives. This process was compatible with free hydroxyls within the ribose and did not require precautions on the protection or deprotection of other functionalities. The key to this extremely mild methylation without protection relied on the in situ generated methyl oxonium from the Wittig reagent and methanol. A putative mechanism for the selective methylation was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yin-Ming He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian-He Hui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Bondarev VL, Festa AA, Storozhenko OA, Golantsov NE, Pappula V, Tskhovrebov AG, Varlamov AV, Voskressensky LG. Azo Coupling of Indoles Revisited: Synthesis of Biindolyl Photoswitches via the Azo-Coupling/C-H Functionalization Domino Approach. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12949-12957. [PMID: 37624664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
When azo coupling of aryldiazonium salts with indoles was carried out in aprotic nonpolar solvent on air, a pseudo-three-component reaction has been discovered. Azo coupling is followed by a nucleophilic addition of a second indole unit to the indolium intermediate; aromatization and oxidation are achieved under air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir L Bondarev
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A Festa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A Storozhenko
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita E Golantsov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Venkatanarayana Pappula
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G Tskhovrebov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Varlamov
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid G Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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He Z, Nam S, Liu S, Zhao Q. Characterization of the Nonpolar and Polar Extractable Components of Glanded Cottonseed for Its Valorization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104181. [PMID: 37241921 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cottonseed is the second major product of cotton (Gossypium spp.) crops after fiber. Thus, the characterization and valorization of cottonseed are important parts of cotton utilization research. In this work, the nonpolar and polar fractions of glanded (Gd) cottonseed were sequentially extracted by 100% hexane and 80% ethanol aqueous solutions and subjected to 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), respectively. The nonpolar (crude oil) extracts showed the characteristic NMR peak features of edible plant oils with the absence of ω-3 linolenic acid. Quantitative analysis revealed the percentage of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fatty acids as 48.7%, 16.9%, and 34.4%, respectively. Both general unsaturated fatty acid features and some specific olefinic compounds (e.g., oleic, linolenic, and gondonic acids) were found in the nonpolar fraction. In the polar extracts, FT-ICR MS detected 1673 formulas, with approximately 1/3 being potential phenolic compounds. Both the total and phenolic formulas fell mainly in the categories of lipid, peptide-like, carbohydrate, and lignin. A literature search and comparison further identifies some of these formulas as potential bioactive compounds. For example, one compound [2,5-dihydroxy-N'-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzylidene) benzohydrazide] identified in the polar extracts is likely responsible for the anticancer function observed when used on human breast cancer cell lines. The chemical profile of the polar extracts provides a formulary for the exploration of bioactive component candidates derived from cottonseed for nutritive, health, and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi He
- USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Allen Toussaint Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Sunghyun Nam
- USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Allen Toussaint Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Shasha Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Coordinated Instrument Facility, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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Liu A, Liu L, Cheng L. DMSO/PhPOCl
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Mediated Direct Methanethiolation of Uracils. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- An‐Di Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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Zhao Q, Xie R, Zeng Y, Li W, Xiao G, Li Y, Chen G. Palladium-catalyzed C–H olefination of uridine, deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate and uridine analogues. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24930-24934. [PMID: 36199883 PMCID: PMC9434382 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03681a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed oxidative C–H olefinations of uridine, deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate and uridine analogues are reported herein. This protocol provides an efficient, atom-economic and environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis of biologically important C5-alkene modified uracil/uridine-containing derivatives and pharmaceutical candidates. The palladium-catalyzed oxidative C–H olefinations of uridine, deoxyuridine, uridine monophosphate and uridine analogues are reported herein.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoqian Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolan Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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