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Zhuang W, Xiao F, Chen Y, Zhang X, Huang Q. Cascade Electrochemical Aerobic Oxygenation of 2-Substituted Indoles and Electrochemical [5 + 3] Annulation with Amidines: Access to Eight-Membered Benzo[1,3,5]triazocin-6(5 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4673-4683. [PMID: 38478890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The cascade electrochemical C3-selective aerobic oxygenation of 2-substituted indoles and electrochemical [5 + 3] annulation with amidines through an undivided cell galvanostatic method employing molecular oxygen and "electricity" as green oxidants was developed. This protocol provides an efficient and direct approach to eight-membered benzo[1,3,5]triazocin-6(5H)-ones. Mechanistic studies suggested that two subsequent electrochemical processes both proceeded through radical pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Fengyi Xiao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Yumei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, PR China
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Guo B, Lv J, Lu L, Hua R. Synthesis of Cyclopenta[ c]quinolines by Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization of 3-Bromoindoles with Internal Alkynes via Spirocyclic Cyclopentadiene Intermediates. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37339369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the construction of a cyclopenta[c]quinoline ring via cyclization of 3-bromoindoles with internal alkynes in the presence of palladium is described. The formation of the cyclopenta[c]quinoline ring is proposed from a double [1,5] carbon sigmatropic rearrangement of the spirocyclic cyclopentadiene intermediate, which is generated in situ from the cyclization of 3-bromoindoles with internal alkynes involving a sequential double alkyne insertion into the carbon-palladium bond and dearomatization of indole. The present studies have developed a novel ring-expansion reaction of the pyrrole ring to pyridine via one carbon insertion into the C2-C3 bond of indoles and provided a simple and distinct route for the construction of tricyclic fused-quinoline derivatives that are not easy to access with conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaying Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Le Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruimao Hua
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China
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3
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Wang Z, Yin L, Wang M, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Cheng L, Wang C, Li Y. Selective C-O Bond Forming Reactions at Indole-C2-Position toward Polycyclic Indolone or Indolinone Derivatives Tethered with Medium-Sized Rings. Org Lett 2022; 24:6272-6276. [PMID: 35980745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A methodology involving the chemoselective synthesis of tetracyclic [1,3]oxazino[3,2-a]indol-4-one or tetracyclic [1,3]oxazino[3,2-a]indoline-4-one tethered with a medium-sized ring by cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) or nucleophilic addition (NA) reaction has been developed. [1,3]Oxazino[3,2-a]indol-4-one compounds fused with a medium-sized ring were constructed through a CDC reaction in the presence of I2 and K2CO3. Whereas, [1,3]oxazino[3,2-a]indoline-4-ones tethered with a medium-sized ring were obtained with a TfOH system by NA reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongkang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Liqiang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Mengdan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yilin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chengyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Shuangling Road, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Yanzhong Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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Xie H, Yang Z, Tang L, Han Z, Sun J, Huang H. Construction of nine-membered N,N,O-heterocycles via Pd-catalyzed [6+3] dipolar cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10560-10563. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03666e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for the synthesis of 9-membered N,N,O-heterocycles by Pd-catalyzed [6+3] dipolar cycloaddition of N-iminoisoquinolinium ylides and 2-vinyl oxetanes has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhenkun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Luning Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhengyu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
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