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Liu Y, Kajihara Y, Okamoto R. Post-translational activation of the C-terminus of polypeptides for the synthesis of peptide thioesters and peptide thioester surrogates. Front Chem 2024; 12:1424953. [PMID: 39076613 PMCID: PMC11284063 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1424953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Semisynthesis using recombinant polypeptides is a powerful approach for the synthesis of proteins having a variety of modifications. Peptide thioesters, of which the peptide C-terminus is activated by a thioester, are utilized for coupling peptide building blocks. Biological methods employing intein have been a center for the C-terminal thioesterification of recombinant polypeptides. Chemical activation has emerged as an alternative methodology for synthesizing peptide thioesters from recombinant polypeptides. Chemical reactions are compatible with various solutions containing organic solvents, chaotropic reagents, or detergents that are generally incompatible with biomolecules such as intein. Despite the potential utility of chemical activation, available methods remain limited. This article introduces the methods for the chemical activation of a peptide C-terminus applied to the chemical synthesis of proteins. By showcasing these methodologies, we aim to accelerate the advancement of new chemical reactions and methodologies and broaden the frontiers for the chemical synthesis of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Mamahit YP, Maki Y, Okamoto R, Kajihara Y. Semisynthesis of homogeneous misfolded glycoprotein interleukin-8. Carbohydr Res 2023; 531:108847. [PMID: 37354703 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
To uncover how cells distinguish between misfolded and correctly-folded glycoproteins, homogeneous misfolded glycoproteins are needed as a probe for analysis of their structure and chemical characteristic nature. In this study, we have synthesized misfolded glycosyl interleukin-8 (IL-8) by combining E. coli expression and chemical synthesis to improve the synthetic efficiency. In order to prepare N-terminal peptide-thioester segment (1-33), we prepared an E. coli expressed peptide and then activated the C-terminal Cys by using an intramolecular N-to-S acyl shift reaction, followed by trans-thioesterification of the Cys-thioester with an external bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amine (SEA). The glycopeptide segment (34-49) was prepared by solid phase peptide synthesis and the C-terminal peptide (50-72) was prepared in E. coli. These peptide and glycopeptide segments were successfully coupled by sequential native chemical ligation. To obtain homogeneous misfolded glycoproteins by shuffling the disulfide bond pattern, folding conditions were optimized to maximize the yield of individual homogeneous misfolded glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugoviandi P Mamahit
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuta Maki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryo Okamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
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Liu Y, Nomura K, Abe J, Kajihara Y. Recent advances on the synthesis of N-linked glycoprotein for the elucidation of glycan functions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 73:102263. [PMID: 36746076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins play roles in many biological events, while, the glycan structure-function relationship has remained to be studied. In order to understand glycan function, homogeneous glycoproteins have been synthesized. This review introduced recent progress of their synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Liu
- Department of Chemistry Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Japan
| | - Kota Nomura
- Department of Chemistry Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Japan
| | - Junpei Abe
- Department of Chemistry Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Japan.
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Agouridas V, Ollivier N, Vicogne J, Diemer V, Melnyk O. Redox-Controlled Chemical Protein Synthesis: Sundry Shades of Latency. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2685-2697. [PMID: 36083810 PMCID: PMC9494750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed the rise in power of chemical protein synthesis to the point where it now constitutes an established corpus of synthetic methods efficiently complementing biological approaches. One factor explaining this spectacular evolution is the emergence of a new class of chemoselective reactions enabling the formation of native peptide bonds between two unprotected peptidic segments, also known as native ligation reactions. In recent years, their application has fueled the production of homogeneous batches of large and highly decorated protein targets with a control of their composition at the atomic level. In doing so, native ligation reactions have provided the means for successful applications in chemical biology, medicinal chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology research.The native chemical ligation (NCL) reaction has had a major impact on the field by enabling the chemoselective formation of a native peptide bond between a C-terminal peptidyl thioester and an N-terminal cysteinyl peptide. Since its introduction in 1994, the NCL reaction has been made the object of significant improvements and its scope and limitations have been thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, the diversification of peptide segment assembly strategies has been essential to access proteins of increasing complexity and has had to overcome the challenge of controlling the reactivity of ligation partners.One hallmark of NCL is its dependency on thiol reactivity, including for its catalysis. While Nature constantly plays with the redox properties of biological thiols for the regulation of numerous biochemical pathways, such a control of reactivity is challenging to achieve in synthetic organic chemistry and, in particular, for those methods used for assembling peptide segments by chemical ligation. This Account covers the studies conducted by our group in this area. A leading theme of our research has been the conception of controllable acyl donors and cysteine surrogates that place the chemoselective formation of amide bonds by NCL-like reactions under the control of dichalcogenide-based redox systems. The dependency of the redox potential of dichalcogenide bonds on the nature of the chalcogenides involved (S, Se) has appeared as a powerful means for diversifying the systems, while allowing their sequential activation for protein synthesis. Such a control of reactivity mediated by the addition of harmless redox additives has greatly facilitated the modular and efficient preparation of multiple targets of biological relevance. Taken together, these endeavors provide a practical and robust set of methods to address synthetic challenges in chemical protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Agouridas
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille,
Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France,Centrale
Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Ollivier
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille,
Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Vicogne
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille,
Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Diemer
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille,
Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Oleg Melnyk
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille,
Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, Center for Infection and
Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France,
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Nomura K, Liu Y, Kajihara Y. Synthesis of homogeneous glycoproteins with diverse N-glycans. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 81:57-93. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chong YK, Chandrashekar C, Zhao D, Maki Y, Okamoto R, Kajihara Y. Optimization of Semisynthetic Approach for Glycosyl Interferon-β-polypeptide by Utilizing Bacterial Protein Expression and Chemical Modification. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1907-1915. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02391h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a sufficient amount of homogenous glycoprotein is of great interest because the natural glycoproteins show a considerable heterogeneity in oligosaccharide structures making the studies of glycan structure-function relationship...
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