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Zubkov MO, Dilman AD. Radical reactions enabled by polyfluoroaryl fragments: photocatalysis and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4741-4785. [PMID: 38536104 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes have been known for a long time, but they are most often used as fluorinated building blocks for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. At the same time, due to peculiar fluorine effect, they have unique properties that provide applications in various fields ranging from synthesis to materials science. This review summarizes advances in the radical chemistry of polyfluoroarenes, which have become possible mainly with the advent of photocatalysis. Transformations of the fluorinated ring via the C-F bond activation, as well as use of fluoroaryl fragments as activating groups and hydrogen atom transfer agents are discussed. The ability of fluoroarenes to serve as catalysts is also considred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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2
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Chan CL, Lee SC, Lin PS, Tapales RVPP, Li JS, Lai CA, Lee JT, Li CH, Liao HH. FluoroFusion: NHC-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction Unveils Functional Perfluorinated Diarylmethanones. Org Lett 2024; 26:2338-2342. [PMID: 38458971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
A mild, facile, and metal-free approach via the N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed SNAr reaction between aryl aldehydes with perfluoroarenes to obtain the coveted functional perfluorinated diarylmethanones is disclosed. This method accommodates a diverse substrate range and exhibits notable tolerance toward various functional groups. Our success in modifying biologically relevant molecules, crafting a fully fluorinated bioisosteric analogue of drug candidate D1, and highlighting the potential of these ketones as valuable electrolyte additives for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) underscores the versatility of our methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of International Ph.D. Program for Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shao-Chi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pei-Shan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Radyn Vanessa Phaz P Tapales
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of International Ph.D. Program for Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Jia-Syuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chun-An Lai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Jyh-Tsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Chien-Hung Li
- Department of Applied and Medicinal Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hsuan-Hung Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Applied and Medicinal Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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3
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Hsu CM, Lin HB, Hou XZ, Tapales RVPP, Shih CK, Miñoza S, Tsai YS, Tsai ZN, Chan CL, Liao HH. Azetidines with All-Carbon Quaternary Centers: Merging Relay Catalysis with Strain Release Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19049-19059. [PMID: 37589099 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance and beneficial characteristics of decorated azetidines in medicinal chemistry, efficient strategies for their synthesis are highly sought after. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of the elusive all-carbon quaternary-center-bearing azetidines. By adopting a well-orchestrated polar-radical relay strategy, ring strain release of bench-stable benzoylated 1-azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane (ABB) can be harnessed for nickel-catalyzed Suzuki Csp2-Csp3 cross-coupling with commercially available boronic acids in broad scope (>50 examples), excellent functional group tolerance, and gram-scale utility. Preliminary mechanistic studies provided insights into the underlying mechanism, wherein the ring opening of ABB with a catalytic quantity of bromide accounts for the conversion of ABB into a redox-active azetidine, which subsequently engages in the cross-coupling reaction through a radical pathway. The synergistic bromide and nickel catalysis could intriguingly be derived from a single nickel source (NiBr2). Application of the method to modify natural products, biologically relevant molecules, and pharmaceuticals has been successfully achieved as well as the synthesis of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC-1R) agonist and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) inhibitor analogues through bioisosteric replacements of piperidine with azetidine moieties, highlighting the potential of the method in drug optimization studies. Aside from the synthesis of azetidines, we demonstrate the ancillary utility of our nickel catalytic system toward the restricted Suzuki cross-coupling of tertiary alkyl bromides with aryl boronic acids to construct all-carbon quaternary centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Ming Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Heng-Bo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Xin-Zhi Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | | | - Chen-Kuei Shih
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shinje Miñoza
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Syuan Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Zong-Nan Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Cheng-Lin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hsuan-Hung Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Green Hydrogen Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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4
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Chan CL, Lee SC, Liao HH. A protocol for the gram-scale synthesis of polyfluoroaryl sulfides via an S NAr step. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102043. [PMID: 36857078 PMCID: PMC10037182 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyfluoroaryl sulfide is one of the prevalent motifs ubiquitous in materials and pharmaceutical chemistry. We herein describe a simple yet efficient procedure for their synthesis from readily available thiols and polyfluoroarenes via an SNAr step. We detail specific steps for a gram-scale preparation of 2-((perfluoropyridin-4-yl)thio)benzo[d]thiazole 3 from mercaptobenzothiazole 1 and pentafluoropyridine 2. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Liao et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chi Lee
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hsuan-Hung Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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5
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Chen Q, You J, Tian T, Li Z, Kashihara M, Mori H, Nishihara Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Decarbonylative Reductive Alkylation of Aroyl Fluorides with Alkyl Bromides. Org Lett 2022; 24:9259-9263. [PMID: 36516299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the nickel-catalyzed reductive alkylation of aroyl fluorides with alkyl bromides in a decarbonylative manner. In this reaction, various functional groups are well tolerated and the C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond can be constructed directly without the use of organometallic reagents. The present reaction is a cross-electrophile coupling via the radical pathway, affording the corresponding alkylarenes in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jingwen You
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Zhenyao Li
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Myuto Kashihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mori
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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