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Joshi H, Sathyamoorthi S. Intramolecular Silanoxy-Michael Reactions with Pendant Nitroalkenes: Racemic and Enantioselective. J Org Chem 2024; 89:14197-14203. [PMID: 39305247 PMCID: PMC11452265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
We present the first racemic and scalemic examples of di-tert-butyl silanoxy-Michael additions. Our operationally simple protocol is selective for nitro-olefins and simply involves stirring the substrate with an appropriate hydrogen-bond donor catalyst without any special precautions to exclude air or moisture. For each substrate examined, we have developed complementary protocols that optimize yield and enantioselectivity. Our reactions scale well, and the products are valuable intermediates for further transformations, including for the preparation of enantioenriched vicinal amino alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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2
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Qi C, Lu Z, Gu Y, Bao X, Xiong B, Liu GQ. Zn(OTf) 2-catalyzed intra- and intermolecular selenofunctionalization of alkenes under mild conditions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:23147-23151. [PMID: 39040696 PMCID: PMC11262084 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Zn(OTf)2-catalyzed intra- and intermolecular selenofunctionalization of alkenes was achieved with electrophilic N-phenylselenophthalimide. This method provides straightforward and efficient access to various seleno-substituted heterocycles and vicinal Se heteroatom-disubstituted molecules under mild conditions. This reaction is compatible with various substrates/functional groups, and preliminary studies on the reaction mechanistic were also conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University Nantong 226019 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaogong Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University Nantong 226019 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Gu
- School of Medicine, Nantong University Nantong 226019 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University Nantong 226019 People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University Nantong 226019 People's Republic of China
| | - Gong-Qing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Nantong University Nantong 226019 People's Republic of China
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3
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Sathyamoorthi S. Fun With Unusual Functional Groups: Sulfamates, Phosphoramidates, and Di-tert-butyl Silanols. European J Org Chem 2024; 27:e202301283. [PMID: 39309710 PMCID: PMC11415259 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202301283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Compared to ubiquitous functional groups such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, and amides, which serve as central "actors" in most organic reactions, sulfamates, phosphoramidates, and di-tert-butyl silanols have historically been viewed as "extras". Largely considered functional group curiosities rather than launch-points of vital reactivity, the chemistry of these moieties is under-developed. Our research program has uncovered new facets of reactivity of each of these functional groups, and we are optimistic that the chemistry of these fascinating molecules can be developed into truly general transformations, useful for chemists across multiple disciplines. In the ensuing sections, I will describe our efforts to develop new reactions with these "unusual" functional groups, namely sulfamates, phosphoramidates, and di-tert-butyl silanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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4
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Mandal GH, Sathyamoorthi S. Sulfamate-Tethered Aza-Wacker Strategy for a Kasugamine Synthon. J Org Chem 2024; 89:793-797. [PMID: 38062940 PMCID: PMC10798055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We present our preparation of a kasugamine synthon, which proceeds in 14 steps from a literature epoxide. We expect that this kasugamine derivative can be used for the total syntheses of kasugamycin, minosaminomycin, and analogue antibiotics. A key step in the synthesis is our laboratory's sulfamate-tethered aza-Wacker cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gour Hari Mandal
- University of Kansas, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lawrence, KS, USA (66047)
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- University of Kansas, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lawrence, KS, USA (66047)
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5
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Sonego JM, de Diego SI, Szajnman SH, Gallo-Rodriguez C, Rodriguez JB. Organoselenium Compounds: Chemistry and Applications in Organic Synthesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300030. [PMID: 37378970 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Selenium, originally described as a toxin, turns out to be a crucial trace element for life that appears as selenocysteine and its dimer, selenocystine. From the point of view of drug developments, selenium-containing drugs are isosteres of sulfur and oxygen with the advantage that the presence of the selenium atom confers antioxidant properties and high lipophilicity, which would increase cell membrane permeation leading to better oral bioavailability. In this article, we have focused on the relevant features of the selenium atom, above all, the corresponding synthetic approaches to access a variety of organoselenium molecules along with the proposed reaction mechanisms. The preparation and biological properties of selenosugars, including selenoglycosides, selenonucleosides, selenopeptides, and other selenium-containing compounds will be treated. We have attempted to condense the most important aspects and interesting examples of the chemistry of selenium into a single article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Sonego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sheila I de Diego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio H Szajnman
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carola Gallo-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan B Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Joshi H, Thomas AA, Mague JT, Sathyamoorthi S. Dancing Silanols: Stereospecific Rearrangements of Silanol Epoxides into Silanoxy-Tetrahydrofurans and Silanoxy-Tetrahydropyrans. Org Chem Front 2023; 10:2556-2562. [PMID: 38037597 PMCID: PMC10688609 DOI: 10.1039/d3qo00427a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed highly stereospecific rearrangements of silanol epoxides into 1'-silanoxy-tetrahydrofurans and 1'-silanoxy-tetrahydropyrans. Upon treatment with Ph3CBF4 and NaHCO3 in CH2Cl2, di-substituted trans-epoxide silanols rearrange into products with an erythro configuration; di-substituted cis-epoxide silanols give products with a threo configuration. We have used these reactions as key steps in the syntheses of (±)-solerone and (±)-muricatacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Joshi
- University of Kansas, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lawrence, KS, USA (66047)
| | - Annu Anna Thomas
- University of Kansas, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lawrence, KS, USA (66047)
| | - Joel T Mague
- Tulane University, Department of Chemistry, New Orleans, LA, USA (70118)
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- University of Kansas, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Lawrence, KS, USA (66047)
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Nagamalla S, Mague JT, Sathyamoorthi S. Covalent Tethers for Precise Amino Alcohol Syntheses: Ring Opening of Epoxides by Pendant Sulfamates and Sulfamides. Org Lett 2023; 25:982-986. [PMID: 36744823 PMCID: PMC10017054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We describe the development of the first ring opening of epoxides using pendant sulfamates and sulfamides. These reactions are promoted by a base and proceed under mild conditions to afford oxathiazinanes and cyclic sulfamides with excellent diastereoselectivity and regiocontrol. The reactions scale well, and the products serve as synthons for ring-opening reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Someshwar Nagamalla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Joel T Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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Thomas AA, Nagamalla S, Sathyamoorthi S. Large Scale Epoxide Opening by a Pendant Silanol. ORGANIC SYNTHESES; AN ANNUAL PUBLICATION OF SATISFACTORY METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS 2023; 100:446-468. [PMID: 38274130 PMCID: PMC10809772 DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.100.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Annu Anna Thomas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Someshwar Nagamalla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, United States
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Nagamalla S, Paul D, Mague JT, Sathyamoorthi S. Ring Opening of Aziridines by Pendant Silanols Allows for Preparations of (±)-Clavaminol H, (±)-Des-Acetyl-Clavaminol H, (±)-Dihydrosphingosine, and (±)- N-Hexanoyldihydrosphingosine. Org Lett 2022; 24:6202-6207. [PMID: 35951966 PMCID: PMC10017055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a unique strategy for the synthesis of vicinal amino alcohols. Ring opening of aziridines with pendant silanols is compatible with a range of substrates. To engage productively in ring opening, the aziridine must be at least mildly activated, and a variety of such N-substituents are tolerated. The utility of this methodology is highlighted in facile preparations of the natural products (±)-Clavaminol H, (±)-dihydrosphingosine, and (±)-N-hexanoyldihydrosphingosine as well as a natural product analogue (±)-des-acetyl-Clavaminol H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Someshwar Nagamalla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Debobrata Paul
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Joel T Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Shinde AH, Dhokale RA, Mague JT, Sathyamoorthi S. Highly Stereospecific Cyclizations of Homoallylic Silanols. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11237-11252. [PMID: 35901375 PMCID: PMC10019461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that di-tert-butylsilanols are competent nucleophiles for the intramolecular interception of palladium π-allyl species. In these reactions, allyl ethyl carbonates are the best precursors for the formation of palladium π-allyl intermediates, and [(Cinnamyl)PdCl]2/BINAP is superior to other Pd salt/ligand framework combinations. Our optimized protocol is compatible with a variety of silanol substrates. Importantly, the cyclization is perfectly stereospecific, proceeding via an anti-syn mechanism, which stands in contrast to reported analogous reactions of alcohols and phenols, known to proceed via an anti-anti mechanism. The alkenes in the product dioxasilinanes serve as blank slates for further functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand H Shinde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Ranjeet A Dhokale
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Joel T Mague
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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