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Chappell WP, Favié M, Sammis GM. Thionyl fluoride as a sulfur(IV) SuFEx hub for the efficient syntheses of sulfinamides and sulfinate esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39157931 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02876g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a method for the syntheses of sulfinamides and sulfinate esters using a novel sulfur(IV) fluoride exchange reaction with organometallic reagents. Our strategy involves the addition of an amine or alcohol nucleophile to thionyl fluoride, acting as a S(IV) SuFEx hub, followed by an organometallic reagent. This approach allows efficient access to sulfinamides (45-91% yields) and sulfinate esters (44-82% yields) in only 30 minutes. The sulfinamide and sulfinate esters also can be readily derivatized to the corresponding S(VI) sulfonamides, sulfonate esters, sulfonimidamides, and sulfonimidates without isolation of the intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P Chappell
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Marie Favié
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Glenn M Sammis
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Chetankumar E, Bharamawadeyar S, Srinivasulu C, Sureshbabu VV. AITF (4-acetamidophenyl triflimide) mediated synthesis of amides, peptides and esters. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8875-8882. [PMID: 37888883 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01351k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple, broadly applicable protocol for amidation and esterification reactions is described. Thereby, 4-acetamidophenyl triflimide (AITF), a crystalline stable reagent, is employed for the activation of carboxylic acids. The use of AITF as a coupling agent is demonstrated in the synthesis of peptides, amides and esters under mild conditions in good to excellent yields. Notably, peptide segment condensations were also accomplished. A diverse array of synthetic protocols showcasing a broad substrate scope and good functional group compatibility were accomplished. Herein, we systematically summarized the use of AITF in peptide synthesis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eti Chetankumar
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Chemistry, Sneha Bhavan, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru 560 056, India.
| | - Swetha Bharamawadeyar
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Chemistry, Sneha Bhavan, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru 560 056, India.
| | - Chinthaginjala Srinivasulu
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Chemistry, Sneha Bhavan, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru 560 056, India.
| | - Vommina V Sureshbabu
- Peptide Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Chemistry, Sneha Bhavan, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi, Bengaluru 560 056, India.
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Herbstritt D, Tomar P, Müller R, Kaupp M, Braun T. A 2,2-Difluoroimidazolidine Derivative for Deoxyfluorination Reactions: Mechanistic Insights by Experimental and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301556. [PMID: 37341145 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
A N-heterocyclic deoxyfluorinating agent SIMesF2 was synthesized by nucleophilic fluorination of N,N-1,3-dimesityl-2-chloroimidazolidinium chloride (3) at room temperature. SIMesF2 was applied to deoxyfluorinate carboxylic acids and alcohols and convert benzaldehyde into difluorotoluene. Mechanistic studies by NMR spectroscopy suggest reaction pathways of the carboxylic acid to acyl fluoride via outer-sphere fluorinations at an imidazolidinium ion by polyfluoride. DFT studies give further insight by exploring mechanistic details which distinguish the fluorination of aldehydes from that of carboxylic acids. Furthermore, a consecutive reaction sequence for the oxidation of an aldehyde followed by in situ fluorination of the generated carboxylic acid was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenique Herbstritt
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pooja Tomar
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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Downey KT, Mo JY, Lai J, Thomson BJ, Sammis GM. Sulfur(iv) reagents for the SuFEx-based synthesis of substituted sulfamate esters. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1775-1780. [PMID: 36819869 PMCID: PMC9930924 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05945b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur(vi) fluoride exchange chemistry has been reported to be effective at synthesizing valuable sulfur(vi) functionalities through sequential nucleophilic additions, yet oxygen-based nucleophiles are limited in this approach to phenolic derivatives. Herein, we report a new sulfur(iv) fluoride exchange strategy to access synthetically challenging substituted sulfamate esters from alkyl alcohols and amines. We also report the development of a non-gaseous, sulfur(iv) fluoride exchange reagent, N-methylimidazolium sulfinyl fluoride hexafluorophosphate (MISF). By leveraging the reactivity of the sulfur(iv) center of this novel reagent, the sequential addition of alcohols and amines to MISF followed by oxidation afforded the desired substituted sulfamates in 40-83% yields after two steps. This new strategy expands the scope of SuFEx chemistry by increasing the accessibility of underdeveloped -S(O)F intermediates for future explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T. Downey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia2036 Main MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z1Canada
| | - Jia Yi Mo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Joey Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Brodie J. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia2036 Main MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z1Canada
| | - Glenn M. Sammis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia2036 Main MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z1Canada
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Beardmore LND, Cobb SL, Brittain WDG. One-pot ester and thioester formation mediated by pentafluoropyridine (PFP). Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8059-8064. [PMID: 36047390 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acyl fluorides are valuable synthetic intermediates, but in some cases they can be challenging to handle and difficult to isolate given their susceptibility to degradation. In addition, many reagents utilised to prepare acyl fluorides are incompatible with in situ generation strategies and require the acyl fluoride to be isolated before any further reaction can take place. The combination of these factors has meant that acyl fluorides are currently under investigated in nucleophilic substitution processes, and often only a limited substrate scope is tolerated where they have been used. Herein, we report that pentafluoropyridine can be utilised to generate acyl fluorides in situ under mild conditions, and that they can subsequently be used to generate a range of esters and thioesters. This methodology offers a simple one-pot synthesis of esters and thioesters directly from parent carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam N D Beardmore
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Steven L Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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