Porphyrindiene-Based Tandem Diels-Alder Reaction for Preparing Low-Symmetry π-Extended Porphyrins with Push-Pull Skeletons

Aromatic Ring-Fused Dipyrrins: Programmed [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition Pathway with Regio-selectivity upon Alkylamino-Substitution

Sulfolenodipyrrins are employed as building blocks to concisely and efficiently construct aromatic rings (e.g., naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, fullerenes, and phthalimide) from fused dipyrrins by programmed [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions. Notably, alkylamino-substitution at the α-position not only enhances the reactivity of sulfolenodipyrrins but also results in the regio-selectivity of the cycloaddition reactions. Theoretical calculations in terms of frontier orbitals of dienes, energy of dienes, steric hindrance, and aromaticity have been conducted to understand the reason in depth. Additionally, the fusion of aromatic groups enables bathochromic absorption with up to ∼130 nm for the monoadducts and to ∼200 nm for the bis-adducts. The phthalimide annulation dipyrrin displays red emission, while the other mono- or bis-adducts do not, owing to the presence of typical acceptors such as quinone analogs or fullerene.