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Nishikata T. α-Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202400108. [PMID: 38989712 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
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2
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Mushtaq A, Zahoor AF, Ahmad S, Saif MJ, ul Haq A, Khan SG, Al-Mutairi AA, Irfan A, Al-Hussain SA, Zaki MEA. A Comprehensive Review on Benzofuran Synthesis Featuring Innovative and Catalytic Strategies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20728-20752. [PMID: 38764672 PMCID: PMC11097366 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Benzofurans have intrigued both pharmaceutical researchers and chemists owing to the medicinal usage of their derivatives against copious disease-causing agents (i.e., bacteria, viruses, and tumors). These heterocyclic scaffolds are pervasively encountered in a number of natural products and drugs. The ever-increasing utilization of benzofuran derivatives as pharmaceutical agents persuaded the chemists to devise novel and facile methodological approaches to assemble the biologically potent benzofuran nucleus. This review summarizes the current developments regarding the innovative synthetic routes and catalytic strategies to procure the synthesis of benzofuran heterocycles with their corresponding mechanistic details, reported by several research groups during 2021-2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Mushtaq
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Engineering
and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawwad Saif
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Government College
University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Atta ul Haq
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamal A. Al-Mutairi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad
Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad
Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad
Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
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Wang ZY, Cai XE, Zhang CC, Yang WH, Wang LT, Xu Q, Liu H, Wei WT. Photoredox and Copper Dual-Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkyne-tethered α-Bromocarbonyls. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300606. [PMID: 37500593 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic systems of photoredox and copper catalyst have already appeared as a novel formation of green synthetic chemistry, which open new avenues for chemical synthesis applications. We describe a novel strategy for the cyclization of alkyne-tethered α-bromocarbonyls initiated by the cleavage of C(sp3 )-Br bond via the collaboration of photoredox and copper catalyst. The present protocol exhibits mildness using economical copper catalyst and visible-light at room temperature. The gram-scale and sunlight irradiation experiments proceeded smoothly to show the practicality of the methodology. It is notable that the newly generated oxygen in the product originates from H2 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ying Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Xue-Er Cai
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Can-Can Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Wen-Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Ling-Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Hongxin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
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4
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Festersen L, Czekelius C. Photocatalytic Cascade Cyclization of Aryl Haloalkynyl Ketones Forming Cyclopenta[ b]naphthalene Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:3553-3558. [PMID: 37154431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient metal-free, photoredox-mediated cascade cyclization of aryl 1-haloalk-5-ynyl ketones has been developed. Using catalytic amounts of eosin Y (EY) and EtNMe2 as a reductive quencher, various aryl 1-haloalk-5-ynyl ketones have been transformed into the corresponding cyclization products in up to 98% yield. As a result, synthetic access to differently α-functionalized cyclopenta[b]naphthones and direct construction of cyclopenta[b]naphtholes has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Festersen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40255 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Constantin Czekelius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40255 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Zhu K, Zhou X, Ren Y, Dong L, Zhao G, Zhao J, Li P. Visible light-induced carbene reactivity of acceptor diazoalkanes: deconstructive difunctionalizations of cyclic ethers with nucleophiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:631-634. [PMID: 36533686 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05632a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-induced carbene reactivity of acceptor diazoalkanes has been developed for the synthesis of difunctionalized ethers from cyclic ethers and various N/O/S nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Xinlong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Yikun Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Linhui Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Guanzhen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China.
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Liu J, Tang S, Xu H, Zhang R, Zhao J, Zhang P, Li P. Photocatalytic Regioselective [2 + 2 + 1] Radical Annulation of Alkenes with tert-Butyl Nitrite and gem-Dihalides. Org Lett 2022; 24:9366-9369. [PMID: 36541616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light photocatalytic regioselective [2 + 2 + 1] radical annulation reaction of alkenes, tert-butyl nitrite, and gem-dihalides has been developed. The protocol provides an efficient and practical approach to obtain isoxazolines in good yields under mild conditions. Significantly, gem-dihalides serve as C1 synthons, while cheap tert-butyl nitrite acts as an ideal "N-O" synthon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiupeng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Huayan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Puyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Zhu K, Zhao J, Li P. Photocatalytic Regioselective Difunctionalization of Alkenes with Diazo Compounds and tert-Butyl Nitrite: Access to γ-Oximino Esters. Org Lett 2022; 24:6834-6838. [PMID: 36073998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light photocatalytic regioselective difunctionalization of alkenes with diazo compounds and tert-butyl nitrite has been developed. The protocol provides an efficient approach to γ-oximino esters under mild conditions. Significantly, this transformation not only shows the good compatibility of nucleophilic diazo compounds and electrophilic tert-butyl nitrite but also displays diazo compounds generating alkyl radicals that preferred addition to alkenes over nitroso radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Keyong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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8
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Li J, Wang S, Zhao J, Li P. Visible Light-Promoted Radical-Mediated Ring-Opening/Cyclization of Vinyl Benzotriazoles: An Alternative Approach to Phenanthridines. Org Lett 2022; 24:5977-5981. [PMID: 35943433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-promoted radical-mediated ring-opening/cyclization of vinyl benzotriazoles has been developed. The method provides an efficient and practical approach to synthesize functionalized phenanthridines from vinyl benzotriazoles with alkyl bromides under mild conditions. Significantly, the readily available and bench-stable vinyl benzotriazoles can serve as valuable alternative radical acceptors during the synthesis of phenanthridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
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9
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Zhu K, Cao M, Zhao G, Zhao J, Li P. Visible Light-Promoted Diazoacetates and Nitriles Generating Nitrilium Ions Trapped by Benzotriazoles and Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2022; 24:5855-5859. [PMID: 35916596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A visible light-promoted generation of nitrilium ions from diazoacetates and nitriles has been developed. The reaction utilized visible light transformation of diazoacetates to the free carbene that could be trapped by nitriles to generate nitrilium ions, followed by nucleophilic attack on the benzotriazoles and carboxylic acids. This protocol provides an efficient and practical approach to N-imidoylbenzotriazoles and diacylglycine esters in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyong Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Guanzhen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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10
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Zhang T, Wang S, Zuo D, Zhao J, Luo W, Wang C, Li P. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative [5+1] Cycloaddition of N-Tosyl Vinylaziridines: Solvent-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of α,β- and β,γ-Unsaturated δ-Lactams. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10408-10415. [PMID: 35892153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed carbonylative [5+1] cycloaddition of N-tosyl vinylaziridines with CO has been developed. This protocol affords an efficient and practical approach for solvent-controlled divergent synthesis of α,β-unsaturated δ-lactams in dimethylformamide and β,γ-unsaturated δ-lactams in tetrahydrofuran in good to excellent yields. Significantly, the step- and atom-economical reactions are more regioselective toward [5+1] cycloaddition than toward [3+1] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Shichong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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