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Hughes RR, Battistoni LD, Ciesla MJ, Bolton T, Asher PM, Irizarry G, de Jesus Antonio Martinez A, Baker KM, Mulcahy SP. Asymmetric Synthesis of an Atropisomeric β-Carboline via Regioselective Intermolecular Rh(I)-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cyclotrimerization. Tetrahedron Lett 2024; 146:155187. [PMID: 39100891 PMCID: PMC11293437 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2024.155187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The rational design of atropisomeric small molecules is becoming increasingly common in chemical synthesis as a result of the unique advantages this property provides in drug discovery, asymmetric catalysis, and chiroptical activity. In this study, we designed a synthesis of a configurationally stable β-carboline in six steps. Our synthesis made use of an innovative Grignard addition/elimination reaction that formed an yne-ynamide precursor that then reacted with ethyl cyanoformate in a rhodium(I)-catalyzed [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization reaction to give the atropisomeric β-carboline in excellent yield, good enantioselectivity, and excellent regioselectivity. Extensive optimization of this transformation is described. Racemization kinetics experiments were also conducted on the individual atropisomers and their absolute configurations were determined by circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley R Hughes
- Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, Rhode Island, USA 02918
| | | | - Matthew J Ciesla
- Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, Rhode Island, USA 02918
| | - Te'jandrio Bolton
- Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, Rhode Island, USA 02918
| | - Patrick M Asher
- Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, Rhode Island, USA 02918
| | - Giancarlo Irizarry
- Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, Rhode Island, USA 02918
| | | | - Kristen M Baker
- Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, Rhode Island, USA 02918
| | - Seann P Mulcahy
- Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, Rhode Island, USA 02918
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Gu Y, Luo M, Yuan H, Liu G, Wang S. Photocatalytic Enantioselective Radical Cascade Multicomponent Minisci Reaction of β-Carbolines Using Diazo Compounds as Radical Precursors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402272. [PMID: 38639395 PMCID: PMC11220658 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Here, a photocatalytic asymmetric multicomponent cascade Minisci reaction of β-carbolines with enamides and diazo compounds is reported, enabling an effective enantioselective radical C─H functionalization of β-carbolines with high yields and enantioselectivity (up to 83% yield and 95% ee). This enantioselective multicomponent Minisci protocol exhibits step economy, high chemo-/enantio-selective control, and good functional group tolerance, allowing access to a variety of valuable chiral β-carbolines. Notably, diazo compounds are suitable radical precursors in enantioselective cascade radical reactions. Moreover, the efficiency and practicality of this approach are demonstrated by the asymmetric synthesis of bioactive compounds and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Jie Gu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan411201P. R. China
| | - Mu‐Peng Luo
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule of Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtan411201P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Kai Liu
- School of PharmacyShenzhen University Medical SchoolShenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
| | - Shou‐Guo Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong518055P. R. China
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3
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Baucom JC, Agyemang NB, Trelles T, Gallicchio E, Murelli RP. Studies on the Configurational Stability of Tropolone-Ketone-, Ester-, and Aldehyde-Based Chiral Axes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:541-552. [PMID: 38133833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that tropolone-amide aryl C-C(O) rotational barriers are dramatically higher than those of analogous benzamide-based systems, and as a result, they have an increased likelihood of displaying high configurational stability. Studies on other tropolone-based chiral axes are important to assess the generality of this phenomenon. Herein, we describe a series of studies on the rotational barriers of tropolone-ketone, tropolone-ester, and tropolone-aldehyde chiral axes. These studies are complemented with computational modeling of the dynamics of these and analogous benzenoid variants to illuminate the impact that tropolone may have on aryl-C(O) configurational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Charles Baucom
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Nana B Agyemang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Theresa Trelles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
| | - Emilio Gallicchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ryan P Murelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, United States
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
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Roos CB, Chiang CH, Murray LAM, Yang D, Schulert L, Narayan ARH. Stereodynamic Strategies to Induce and Enrich Chirality of Atropisomers at a Late Stage. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10641-10727. [PMID: 37639323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Enantiomers, where chirality arises from restricted rotation around a single bond, are atropisomers. Due to the unique nature of the origins of their chirality, synthetic strategies to access these compounds in an enantioselective manner differ from those used to prepare enantioenriched compounds containing point chirality arising from an unsymmetrically substituted carbon center. In particular stereodynamic transformations, such as dynamic kinetic resolutions, thermodynamic dynamic resolutions, and deracemizations, which rely on the ability to racemize or interconvert enantiomers, are a promising set of transformations to prepare optically pure compounds in the late stage of a synthetic sequence. Translation of these synthetic approaches from compounds with point chirality to atropisomers requires an expanded toolbox for epimerization/racemization and provides an opportunity to develop a new conceptual framework for the enantioselective synthesis of these compounds.
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