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Girik V, van Ek L, Dentand Quadri I, Azam M, Cruz Cobo M, Mandavit M, Riezman I, Riezman H, Gavin AC, Nunes-Hasler P. Development of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent KSR1-Based Probes to Track Ceramides during Phagocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2996. [PMID: 38474242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides regulate phagocytosis; however, their exact function remains poorly understood. Here, we sought (1) to develop genetically encoded fluorescent tools for imaging ceramides, and (2) to use them to examine ceramide dynamics during phagocytosis. Fourteen enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion constructs based on four known ceramide-binding domains were generated and screened. While most constructs localized to the nucleus or cytosol, three based on the CA3 ceramide-binding domain of kinase suppressor of ras 1 (KSR1) localized to the plasma membrane or autolysosomes. C-terminally tagged CA3 with a vector-based (C-KSR) or glycine-serine linker (C-KSR-GS) responded sensitively and similarly to ceramide depletion and accumulation using a panel of ceramide modifying drugs, whereas N-terminally tagged CA3 (N-KSR) responded differently to a subset of treatments. Lipidomic and liposome microarray analysis suggested that, instead, N-KSR may preferentially bind glucosyl-ceramide. Additionally, the three probes showed distinct dynamics during phagocytosis. Despite partial autolysosomal degradation, C-KSR and C-KSR-GS accumulated at the plasma membrane during phagocytosis, whereas N-KSR did not. Moreover, the weak recruitment of C-KSR-GS to the endoplasmic reticulum and phagosomes was enhanced through overexpression of the endoplasmic reticulum proteins stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Sec22b, and was more salient in dendritic cells. The data suggest these novel probes can be used to analyze sphingolipid dynamics and function in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Girik
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Larissa van Ek
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Dentand Quadri
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maral Azam
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - María Cruz Cobo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marion Mandavit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Claude Gavin
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paula Nunes-Hasler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Izquierdo-García E, Rovira A, Forcadell J, Bosch M, Marchán V. Exploring Structural-Photophysical Property Relationships in Mitochondria-Targeted Deep-Red/NIR-Emitting Coumarins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17427. [PMID: 38139255 PMCID: PMC10743691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic fluorophores operating in the optical window of biological tissues, namely in the deep-red and near-infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, offer several advantages for fluorescence bioimaging applications owing to the appealing features of long-wavelength light, such as deep tissue penetration, lack of toxicity, low scattering, and reduced interference with cellular autofluorescence. Among these, COUPY dyes based on non-conventional coumarin scaffolds display suitable photophysical properties and efficient cellular uptake, with a tendency to accumulate primarily in mitochondria, which renders them suitable probes for bioimaging purposes. In this study, we have explored how the photophysical properties and subcellular localization of COUPY fluorophores can be modulated through the modification of the coumarin backbone. While the introduction of a strong electron-withdrawing group, such as the trifluoromethyl group, at position 4 resulted in an exceptional photostability and a remarkable redshift in the absorption and emission maxima when combined with a julolidine ring replacing the N,N-dialkylaminobenzene moiety, the incorporation of a cyano group at position 3 dramatically reduced the brightness of the resulting fluorophore. Interestingly, confocal microscopy studies in living HeLa cells revealed that the 1,1,7,7-tetramethyl julolidine-containing derivatives accumulated in the mitochondria with much higher specificity. Overall, our results provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of new COUPY dyes operating in the deep-red/NIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Izquierdo-García
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Carrer Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Rovira
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Carrer Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Forcadell
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Carrer Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Bosch
- Unitat de Microscòpia Òptica Avançada, Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Avinguda Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Secció de Química Orgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Carrer Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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López-Corrales M, Rovira A, Gandioso A, Nonell S, Bosch M, Marchán V. Mitochondria-Targeted COUPY Photocages: Synthesis and Visible-Light Photoactivation in Living Cells. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37209100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Releasing bioactive molecules in specific subcellular locations from the corresponding caged precursors offers great potential in photopharmacology, especially when using biologically compatible visible light. By taking advantage of the intrinsic preference of COUPY coumarins for mitochondria and their long wavelength absorption in the visible region, we have synthesized and fully characterized a series of COUPY-caged model compounds to investigate how the structure of the coumarin caging group affects the rate and efficiency of the photolysis process. Uncaging studies using yellow (560 nm) and red light (620 nm) in phosphate-buffered saline medium have demonstrated that the incorporation of a methyl group in a position adjacent to the photocleavable bond is particularly important to fine-tune the photochemical properties of the caging group. Additionally, the use of a COUPY-caged version of the protonophore 2,4-dinitrophenol allowed us to confirm by confocal microscopy that photoactivation can occur within mitochondria of living HeLa cells upon irradiation with low doses of yellow light. The new photolabile protecting groups presented here complement the photochemical toolbox in therapeutic applications since they will facilitate the delivery of photocages of biologically active compounds into mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta López-Corrales
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franqués 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franqués 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gandioso
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franqués 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Vía Augusta 390, E-08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Bosch
- Unitat de Microscòpia Òptica Avançada, Centres Científics i Tecnològics (CCiTUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Martí i Franqués 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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