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Wei J, Meng J, Zhang C, Liu Y, Jiao N. Dioxygen compatible electron donor-acceptor catalytic system and its enabled aerobic oxygenation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1886. [PMID: 38424055 PMCID: PMC10904740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The photochemical properties of Electron Donor-Acceptor (EDA) complexes present exciting opportunities for synthetic chemistry. However, these strategies often require an inert atmosphere to maintain high efficiency. Herein, we develop an EDA complex photocatalytic system through rational design, which overcomes the oxygen-sensitive limitation of traditional EDA photocatalytic systems and enables aerobic oxygenation reactions through dioxygen activation. The mild oxidation system transfers electrons from the donor to the effective catalytic acceptor upon visible light irradiation, which are subsequently captured by molecular oxygen to form the superoxide radical ion, as demonstrated by the specific fluorescent probe, dihydroethidine (DHE). Furthermore, this visible-light mediated oxidative EDA protocol is successfully applied in the aerobic oxygenation of boronic acids. We believe that this photochemical dioxygen activation strategy enabled by EDA complex not only provides a practical approach to aerobic oxygenation but also promotes the design and application of EDA photocatalysis under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Caifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Yameng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Yard 28, Science Park Road, Changping District, 102206, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Tang M, Draper F, Pham LN, Ho CC, Huang H, Sun J, Thickett SC, Coote ML, Connell TU, Bissember AC. Photochemical Povarov-type Reactions: Electron Donor-Acceptor Photoactivation by Visible Light. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2683-2690. [PMID: 38314706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This report investigates the mechanism of photochemical Povarov-type reactions of N,N-dialkylanilines and maleimides in polar solvents (DMF or dioxane) in the presence of light. Fundamental aspects of the electron donor-acceptor (EDA) photoactivation pathway proposed to underpin this chemistry are examined through integrated experimental and computational studies. This approach provided evidence supporting the involvement of an EDA complex in facilitating this chemistry via a reaction mechanism that does not involve a triplet manifold. Most notably, our findings indicate that relying solely on UV-vis absorption spectroscopic data to either account for or predict reactivity in synthetic experiments may not always provide the complete picture. More specifically, this relates to considering UV-vis absorption spectroscopic data, calculated values for association constants (KEDA) and molar extinction coefficients (ε), with the reactivity observed in associated synthetic reactions in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqiong Tang
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Felicity Draper
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Le Nhan Pham
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Curtis C Ho
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Hai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Timothy U Connell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Alex C Bissember
- School of Natural Sciences - Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Dumur F. Recent Advances in Monocomponent Visible Light Photoinitiating Systems Based on Sulfonium Salts. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4202. [PMID: 37959882 PMCID: PMC10649563 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, multicomponent photoinitiating systems have been the focus of intense research efforts, especially for the design of visible light photoinitiating systems. Although highly reactive three-component and even four-component photoinitiating systems have been designed, the complexity to elaborate such mixtures has incited researchers to design monocomponent Type II photoinitiators. Using this approach, the photosensitizer and the radical/cation generator can be combined within a unique molecule, greatly simplifying the elaboration of the photocurable resins. In this field, sulfonium salts are remarkable photoinitiators but these structures lack absorption in the visible range. Over the years, various structural modifications have been carried out in order to redshift their absorptions in the visible region. In this work, an overview of the different sulfonium salts activable under visible light and reported to date is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
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