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Huang B, Zhang Z, Jiao J, Liu W, Yan X. Redox-Paired Reductive Heck Reaction and Oxidative Esterification Catalyzed by Mesoionic Carbenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39172063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Paring a reductive reaction and an oxidative reaction in one reaction could be immensely important in achieving atom economic and environmental advantages. Herein, we report a simple protocol that combines two such reductive Heck reactions and oxidative esterification by using mesoionic carbenes as catalysts to synthesize multiple valuable products under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benkai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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Abdellaoui M, Oppel K, Vianna A, Soleilhavoup M, Yan X, Melaimi M, Bertrand G. 1 H-1,2,3-Triazol-5-ylidenes as Catalytic Organic Single-Electron Reductants. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2933-2938. [PMID: 38253007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Most of the known single-electron reductants are either metal based reagents, used in a stoichiometric amount, or a combination of an organic species and a photocatalyst. Here we report that 1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidenes act not only as stoichiometric one-electron donors but also as catalytic organic reducing agents, without the need of a photocatalyst. As a proof of concept, we studied the reduction of quinones, which are well-known electron conveyors that are involved in various biological and industrial processes. This work also provides experimental evidence for the formation of a bis(triazolium)carbonate adduct, which acts as the resting state of the catalytic cycle and as the carbene reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Abdellaoui
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Kai Oppel
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Adam Vianna
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing,100872, China
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (IRL3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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Xu Y, Chen H, Yu L, Peng X, Zhang J, Xing Z, Bao Y, Liu A, Zhao Y, Tian C, Liang Y, Huang X. A light-driven enzymatic enantioselective radical acylation. Nature 2024; 625:74-78. [PMID: 38110574 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06822-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are recognized as exceptional catalysts for achieving high stereoselectivities1-3, but their ability to control the reactivity and stereoinduction of free radicals lags behind that of chemical catalysts4. Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes5 are well-characterized systems that inspired the development of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs)6-8 but have not yet been proved viable in asymmetric radical transformations. There is a lack of a biocompatible and general radical-generation mechanism, as nature prefers to avoid radicals that may be harmful to biological systems9. Here we repurpose a ThDP-dependent lyase as a stereoselective radical acyl transferase (RAT) through protein engineering and combination with organophotoredox catalysis10. Enzyme-bound ThDP-derived ketyl radicals are selectively generated through single-electron oxidation by a photoexcited organic dye and then cross-coupled with prochiral alkyl radicals with high enantioselectivity. Diverse chiral ketones are prepared from aldehydes and redox-active esters (35 examples, up to 97% enantiomeric excess (e.e.)) by this method. Mechanistic studies reveal that this previously elusive dual-enzyme catalysis/photocatalysis directs radicals with the unique ThDP cofactor and evolvable active site. This work not only expands the repertoire of biocatalysis but also provides a unique strategy for controlling radicals with enzymes, complementing existing chemical tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Yu
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Resonance Image, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xichao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqiu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aokun Liu
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Resonance Image, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changlin Tian
- The Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Resonance Image, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Joint Center for Biological Analytical Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drug, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photonic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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