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Gajeles G, Lee KK, Lee SH. Maleic anhydride derivatives as catalysts for N-oxidation of pyridine using hydrogen peroxide. RSC Adv 2024; 14:31657-31662. [PMID: 39376527 PMCID: PMC11456919 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra05962j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Maleic anhydride derivatives were evaluated as catalysts in N-oxidation of various pyridine substrates using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Depending on the electronic properties of the pyridine substrates, pyridines with electron-donating groups reacted well with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMMA). In contrast, 1-cyclohexene-1, 2-dicarboxylic anhydride (CHMA) was most effective for electron-deficient pyridines. The different performance of these two anhydrides is attributed to the diacid-anhydride equilibrium, which is crucial for regenerating the peracid oxidant through an anhydride intermediate in the catalytic cycle. This approach using a catalytic amount of anhydride with H2O2 has the potential to replace stoichiometric amounts of percarboxylic acid as an oxidant for a broader range of organic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghellyn Gajeles
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University Gunsan 573-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University Gunsan 573-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kunsan National University Gunsan 573-701 Republic of Korea
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2
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Su L, Gao S, Liu J. Enantioconvergent synthesis of axially chiral amides enabled by Pd-catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric aminocarbonylation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7248. [PMID: 39179590 PMCID: PMC11344157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atropisomeric biaryls bearing carbonyl groups have attracted increasing attention due to their prevalence in diverse bioactive molecules and crucial role as efficient organo-catalysts or ligands in asymmetric transformations. However, their preparation often involves tedious multiple steps, and the direct synthesis via asymmetric carbonylation has scarcely been investigated. Herein, we report an efficient palladium-catalyzed enantioconvergent aminocarbonylation of racemic heterobiaryl triflates with amines via dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DyKAT). This protocol features a broad substrate scope and excellent compatibility for rapid construction of axially chiral amides in good to high yields with excellent enantioselectivities. Detailed mechanistic investigations discover that the base can impede the intramolecular hydrogen bond-assisted axis rotation of the products, thus allowing for the success to achieve high enantioselectivity. Moreover, the achieved axially chiral heterobiaryl amides can be directly utilized as N,N,N-pincer ligands in copper-catalyzed enantioselective formation of C(sp3)-N and C(sp3)-P bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Su
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Huth SE, Tampellini N, Guerrero MD, Miller SJ. Catalytic Enantioselective Sulfoxidation of Functionalized Thioethers Mediated by Aspartic Acid-Containing Peptides. Org Lett 2024; 26:6872-6877. [PMID: 39102356 PMCID: PMC11329351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
A peptide-catalyzed enantioselective oxidation of sulfides to yield pharmaceutically relevant chiral sulfoxides is reported. Experimental evidence suggesting that a hydrogen bond-donating moiety must be present in the substrate to achieve high levels of enantioinduction is supported by computational modeling of transition states. These models also indicate that dual points of contact between the peptidic catalyst and substrate are likely responsible for the formation of one desired sulfoxide in 94:6 er.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah E. Huth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Nicolò Tampellini
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Maria D. Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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Ma K, Qi T, Hu L, Chen C, Wang W, Li JL, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Atroposelective Synthesis of Biaryl N-Oxides via Cu-Catalyzed De Novo Heteroaromatic N-Oxide Ring Formation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405743. [PMID: 39120101 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Heteroaromatic N-oxides, renowned for their highly polar N─O bond and robust structure, exhibit significant bioactivities and have played a pivotal role in various drug development projects since the discovery of Minoxidil. Moreover, heteroaromatic N-oxides, featuring axially chiral biaryl frameworks, are indispensable as Lewis base catalysts and ligands in organic synthesis. Despite their importance, synthesizing these chiral compounds is challenging, necessitating chiral starting materials or resolution processes. Catalytic strategies rely on the functionalization of heteroaromatic N-oxide compounds, leading to products with a relatively limited skeletal diversity. This study introduces a Cu-catalyzed atroposelective method for synthesizing biaryl N-oxides via de novo heteroaromatic N-oxide ring formation. This mild and efficient approach achieves excellent stereoselectivities (up to 99:1 er), enabling the production of a wide array of N-oxides with novel heteroaromatic scaffolds. The axially chiral N-oxide product 3f demonstrates high stereoselectivity and recyclability as a Lewis base catalyst. Additionally, product 3e exhibits promising therapeutic efficacy against triple-negative breast cancer, with IC50 values of 4.8 and 5.2 µm in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, respectively. This research not only advances the synthesis of challenging chiral heteroaromatic N-oxides but also encourages further exploration of N-oxide entities in the discovery of bioactive small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ting Qi
- Anti-Infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Lei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Anti-Infective Agent Creation Engineering Research Centre of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Gu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Homma D, Caytan E, Roussel C, Sato A, Yanai H, Kitagawa O. Rotational Behavior about the N3-Pyridyl Bond in 3-(Pyridin-2-yl)quinazolin-4-one and 4-Thione Derivatives. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11072-11077. [PMID: 39038369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The rotational barriers about the N3-(2-pyridyl) bond in 2-iso-propyl-3-(pyridin-2-yl)quinazolin-4-one and the thione analogue were evaluated though VT-NMR measurement of a diastereotopic iso-propyl group followed by a line-shape simulation. In 3-(pyridin-2-yl)quinazoline-4-thione bearing a chiral center as the C2 substituent, the formation of dynamic diastereomers was detected by NMR. The rotational pathway about the N3-(2-pyridyl) bond and the stereochemistries of dynamic diastereomers were revealed through a computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wang
- Chemistry and Materials Program, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Yue Yang
- Chemistry and Materials Program, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Daiki Homma
- Chemistry and Materials Program, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
| | - Elsa Caytan
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Christian Roussel
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 Cedex 20 Marseille, France
| | - Azusa Sato
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hikaru Yanai
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Osamu Kitagawa
- Chemistry and Materials Program, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Kohto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan
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Poursaitidis ET, Gkizis PL, Triandafillidi I, Kokotos CG. Organocatalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide: towards green and sustainable oxidations. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1177-1203. [PMID: 38274062 PMCID: PMC10806817 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05618j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of organocatalysis provided an additional option in every researcher's arsenal, towards the development of elegant and sustainable protocols for various organic transformations. Oxidation reactions are considered to be key in organic synthesis since oxygenated functionalities appear in many natural products. Hydrogen peroxide is categorized as a green oxidant, since its only by-product is water, offering novel opportunities for the development of green and sustainable protocols. In this review article, we intend to present recent developments in the field of the organocatalytic activation of hydrogen peroxide, providing useful insight into the applied oxidative protocols. At the same time, we will present some interesting mechanistic studies, providing information on the oxygen transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios T Poursaitidis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Petros L Gkizis
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
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