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Gao Y, Chen W, Zhao J, Yang M, Zhang Y, Chen C, Yao L, Xu J, Wang F, Zhang B, Gu G, Tang B, Cai F. Exploring the Dual Functions of Distal Acyl Group Direction in Various Nucleophilic Environments. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2375-2396. [PMID: 38288704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A universal glycosylation strategy could significantly simplify glycoside synthesis. One approach to achieving this goal is through acyl group direction for the corresponding 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, or 1,6-trans glycosylation; however, this approach has been challenging for glycosidic bonds that require distal equatorial-acyl group direction. We developed an approach in weakly nucleophilic environments for selective 1,4-trans glycosylation directed by the equatorial-4-O-acyl group. Here, we explored this condition in other distal acyl groups and found that, besides 1,n-trans direction, acyl groups also mediated hydrogen bonding between acyl groups and alcohols. The latter showed a diverse effect and classified the acyl group direction into axial and equatorial categories. Corresponding glycosylation conditions were distinguished as guidance for acyl group direction from either category. Hence, acyl group direction may serve as a general glycosylation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Min Yang
- Center for Analysis and Characterization, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Huaxia Middle Rd, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Linbin Yao
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang E Rd, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jiayuan Xu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang E Rd, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Fei Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Bencan Tang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang E Rd, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Feng Cai
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Rd, Qingdao 266237, China
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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