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Volchkov NV, Lipkind MB, Nefedov OM. Synthesis of fluorinated halonitrobenzenes and halonitrophenols using tetrafluoroethylene and buta-1,3-dienes as starting building blocks. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Pham HN, Arrault A, Vanthuyne N, Acherar S. Multigram-scale HPLC enantioseparation as a rescue pathway for circumventing racemization problem during enantioselective synthesis of ethyl 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylate. Chirality 2021; 33:324-336. [PMID: 33908096 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Racemic ethyl 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-2-carboxylate is a key synthon for the design of promising therapeutic drugs. It is mainly synthesized from racemic ethyl 2,3-dibromopropionate and 2-aminophenol in presence of K2 CO3 in refluxed acetone. Unfortunately, synthesis of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers using the enantioselective version of this reaction, which should normally be performed with a double SN 2 mechanism, is unsuitable due to a racemization process involving the dehydrobromination of enantiopure ethyl 2,3-dibromopropionate into ethyl 2-bromoacrylate. For the first time, the enantioselective version is studied (ee ≈ 55-66%), and the percentage of racemization process has estimated to around 34-46% after determination of the optimal experimental conditions for analytical HPLC enantioseparation of racemate. The influence of the experimental and purification conditions on the racemization rate is also studied. The results indicate that racemization occurs faster at the beginning of the reaction but the initiation of the double SN 2 process takes place more faster to limit the racemization rate. The study of the influence of experimental conditions (reaction times, temperature, solvent or type of base, etc.) on the degree of racemization of the (R)- enantiomer is performed and shows that despite changes in the experimental conditions, the synthesis of the (R)- enantiomer is always accompanied by a racemization rate which is difficult in reducing. In parallel, (R)- and (S)-enantiomers are obtained in high enantiopurity (ee > 99.5%) by preparative HPLC enantioseparation of racemate on multigram scale and characterized by optical rotation measurements, ECD and UV spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ngoc Pham
- LCPM, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Axelle Arrault
- LCPM, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Aix Marseille Université CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Samir Acherar
- LCPM, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
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3
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Borowiecki P, Młynek M, Dranka M. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically enriched diprophylline and xanthinol nicotinate. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104448. [PMID: 33229120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A concise chemoenzymatic route toward enantiomerically enriched active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) - diprophylline and xanthinol nicotinate - is reported for the first time. The decisive step is an enantioselective lipase-mediated methanolysis of racemic chlorohydrin-synthon acetate, namely 1-chloro-3-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)propan-2-yl acetate, performed under kinetically-controlled conditions on a preparative 500 mg-scale. The best results in terms of reaction enantioselectivity (E = 14) were obtained for the enantiomers resolution performed with lipase type B from Candida antarctica immobilized on acrylic resin (CAL-B, Novozym 435) suspended in homophasic acetonitrile-methanol mixture. The elaborated biocatalytic system furnished the key chlorohydrin intermediate (in 71% ee and 38% yield), which was then smoothly converted into enantioenriched active agents: (R)-(-)-diprophylline (57% ee) and (S)-(+)-xanthinol nicotinate (65% ee). To support the assignment of absolute configurations of EKR-products as well as to confirm the stereochemical outcome of the remaining reaction steps, docking studies toward the prediction of enantiomers binding selectivity in CAL-B active site as well as the respective chemical correlations with enantiomerically enriched analytical standards obtained from commercially available (R)-(-)-epichlorohydrin, were applied. In addition, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed for the synthesized optically active APIs furnishing by this manner a first crystal structures of nicotinic acid salt of xanthinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformations, Koszykowa St. 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Młynek
- Warsaw University of Technology, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformations, Koszykowa St. 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Dranka
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Zumbrägel N, Machui P, Nonnhoff J, Gröger H. Enantioselective Biocatalytic Reduction of 2 H-1,4-Benzoxazines Using Imine Reductases. J Org Chem 2019; 84:1440-1447. [PMID: 30562025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A biocatalytic reduction of 2 H-1,4-benzoxazines using imine reductases is reported. This process enables a smooth and enantioselective synthesis of the resulting cyclic amines under mild conditions in aqueous media by means of a catalytic amount of the cofactor NADPH as hydride source as well as glucose as the reducing agent used in stoichiometric amounts for in situ cofactor recycling. Several substrates were studied, and the 3,4-dihydro-2 H-1,4-benzoxazines were obtained with up to 99% ee. In addition, the efficiency of this reduction process based on imine reductases as catalysts has been demonstrated for one 2 H-1,4-benzoxazine on an elevated laboratory scale running at a substrate loading of 10 g L-1 in the presence of a tailor-made whole-cell catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Zumbrägel
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Paul Machui
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Jannis Nonnhoff
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry , Bielefeld University , Universitätsstraße 25 , 33615 Bielefeld , Germany
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5
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Mal A, Wani IA, Goswami G, Ghorai MK. Synthesis of Nonracemic 1,4-Benzoxazines via Ring Opening/Cyclization of Activated Aziridines with 2-Halophenols: Formal Synthesis of Levofloxacin. J Org Chem 2018; 83:7907-7918. [PMID: 29863870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Novel 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives have been synthesized by an efficient and simple method in excellent enantio- and diastereospecificity (ee > 99%, de > 99%). The reaction proceeds via Lewis acid-catalyzed SN2-type ring opening of activated aziridines with 2-halophenols followed by Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular C-N cyclization in a stepwise fashion under one-pot conditions to furnish the 3,4-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives in excellent yields (up to 95%). The strategy offers a short and efficient synthesis to ( S)-3-methyl-1,4-benzoxazine ( S)-3v, a late stage intermediate in the synthesis of levofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Mal
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur 208016 , India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur 208016 , India
| | - Gaurav Goswami
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur 208016 , India
| | - Manas K Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur 208016 , India
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6
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Albarrán-Velo J, González-Martínez D, Gotor-Fernández V. Stereoselective biocatalysis: A mature technology for the asymmetric synthesis of pharmaceutical building blocks. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1340457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Albarrán-Velo
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Martínez
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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7
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Wang C, He X, Liu X, Shang Y. DMAP-catalyzed cyclization of Schiff bases with α-halo ketones: Synthesis of 1,4-benzoxazines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2017.1293107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuie Wang
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, P. R. China
| | - Yongjia Shang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, P. R. China
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8
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López-Iglesias M, González-Martínez D, Rodríguez-Mata M, Gotor V, Busto E, Kroutil W, Gotor-Fernández V. Asymmetric Biocatalytic Synthesis of Fluorinated Pyridines through Transesterification or Transamination: Computational Insights into the Reactivity of Transaminases. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María López-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias; Universidad de Oviedo; 33006 Oviedo Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz; BioTechMed Graz; Heinrichstraβe 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Daniel González-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias; Universidad de Oviedo; 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Mata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias; Universidad de Oviedo; 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias; Universidad de Oviedo; 33006 Oviedo Spain
| | - Eduardo Busto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz; BioTechMed Graz; Heinrichstraβe 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias; Universidad de Oviedo; 33006 Oviedo Spain
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9
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Mourelle-Insua Á, López-Iglesias M, Gotor V, Gotor-Fernández V. Stereoselective Access to 1-[2-Bromo(het)aryloxy]propan-2-amines Using Transaminases and Lipases; Development of a Chemoenzymatic Strategy Toward a Levofloxacin Precursor. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9765-9774. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Mourelle-Insua
- Organic
and Inorganic Chemistry
Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María López-Iglesias
- Organic
and Inorganic Chemistry
Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor
- Organic
and Inorganic Chemistry
Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic
and Inorganic Chemistry
Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería s/n, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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10
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Marichev KO, Takacs JM. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Amination of Secondary Alcohols using Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology. ACS Catal 2016; 6:2205-2210. [PMID: 28936364 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A new ruthenium complex catalyzes the amination of primary and secondary alcohols and the regioselective mono- and sequential diamination of diols via the borrowing hydrogen pathway. Several variations on new intra- and intermolecular cyclizations of aminoalcohols, diols and diamines lead to heterocyclic ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostiantyn O. Marichev
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - James M. Takacs
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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11
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Borowiecki P, Paprocki D, Dudzik A, Plenkiewicz J. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Proxyphylline Enantiomers. J Org Chem 2016; 81:380-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry,
Institute of Biotechnology, Koszykowa St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Paprocki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry,
Institute of Biotechnology, Koszykowa St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dudzik
- Jerzy
Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek St. 8, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
| | - Jan Plenkiewicz
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry,
Institute of Biotechnology, Koszykowa St. 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Recent Advances in Lipase-Mediated Preparation of Pharmaceuticals and Their Intermediates. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29682-716. [PMID: 26690428 PMCID: PMC4691134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis offers an alternative approach to conventional chemical processes for the production of single-isomer chiral drugs. Lipases are one of the most used enzymes in the synthesis of enantiomerically pure intermediates. The use of this type of enzyme is mainly due to the characteristics of their regio-, chemo- and enantioselectivity in the resolution process of racemates, without the use of cofactors. Moreover, this class of enzymes has generally excellent stability in the presence of organic solvents, facilitating the solubility of the organic substrate to be modified. Further improvements and new applications have been achieved in the syntheses of biologically active compounds catalyzed by lipases. This review critically reports and discusses examples from recent literature (2007 to mid-2015), concerning the synthesis of enantiomerically pure active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their intermediates in which the key step involves the action of a lipase.
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13
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Srikanth G, Ramakrishna KVS, Sharma GVM. A Double Activation Method for the Conversion of Vinyl Epoxides into vic-Amino Alcohols and Chiral Benzoxazine/Quinoxaline Derivatives. Org Lett 2015; 17:4576-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gourishetty Srikanth
- Organic
and Biomolecular
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500 007, India
| | | | - Gangavaram V. M. Sharma
- Organic
and Biomolecular
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500 007, India
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14
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Alapour S, Ramjugernath D, Koorbanally NA. Copper-catalysed cross-coupling affected by the Smiles rearrangement: a new chapter on diversifying the synthesis of chiral fluorinated 1,4-benzoxazine derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18897k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of novel derivatives of fluorinated benzoxazines was achieved through the Smiles rearrangement. The gauche conformation of selected precursors enabled the reaction to occur at room temperature at yields of 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Alapour
- School of Chemistry
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
| | - Deresh Ramjugernath
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4000
- South Africa
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15
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Abstract
A personal selection of 32 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as eudistidine A from a marine ascidian Eudistoma sp.
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