1
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Lyu Z, Ralahy B, Perles-Barbacaru TA, Ding L, Jiang Y, Lian B, Roussel T, Liu X, Galanakou C, Laurini E, Tintaru A, Giorgio S, Pricl S, Liu X, Bernard M, Iovanna J, Viola A, Peng L. Self-assembling dendrimer nanosystems for specific fluorine magnetic resonance imaging and effective theranostic treatment of tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322403121. [PMID: 38865273 PMCID: PMC11194563 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322403121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19F-MRI) is particularly promising for biomedical applications owing to the absence of fluorine in most biological systems. However, its use has been limited by the lack of safe and water-soluble imaging agents with high fluorine contents and suitable relaxation properties. We report innovative 19F-MRI agents based on supramolecular dendrimers self-assembled by an amphiphilic dendrimer composed of a hydrophobic alkyl chain and a hydrophilic dendron. Specifically, this amphiphilic dendrimer bears multiple negatively charged terminals with high fluorine content, which effectively prevented intra- and intermolecular aggregation of fluorinated entities via electrostatic repulsion. This permitted high fluorine nuclei mobility alongside good water solubility with favorable relaxation properties for use in 19F-MRI. Importantly, the self-assembling 19F-MRI agent was able to encapsulate the near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) agent DiR and the anticancer drug paclitaxel for multimodal 19F-MRI and NIRF imaging of and theranostics for pancreatic cancer, a deadly disease for which there remains no adequate early detection method or efficacious treatment. The 19F-MRI and multimodal 19F-MRI and NIRF imaging studies on human pancreatic cancer xenografts in mice confirmed the capability of both imaging modalities to specifically image the tumors and demonstrated the efficacy of the theranostic agent in cancer treatment, largely outperforming the clinical anticancer drug paclitaxel. Consequently, these dendrimer nanosystems constitute promising 19F-MRI agents for effective cancer management. This study offers a broad avenue to the construction of 19F-MRI agents and theranostics, exploiting self-assembling supramolecular dendrimer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Lyu
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (UMR 7325), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille13288, France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Marseille13013, France
| | - Brigino Ralahy
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (UMR 7325), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille13288, France
| | | | - Ling Ding
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (UMR 7325), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille13288, France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille13385, France
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (UMR 7325), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille13288, France
| | - Baoping Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tom Roussel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (UMR 7325), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille13288, France
| | - Xi Liu
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (UMR 7325), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille13288, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS, UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille13273, France
| | - Christina Galanakou
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (UMR 7325), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille13288, France
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste34127, Italy
| | - Aura Tintaru
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, UMR 7273, Marseille13013, France
| | - Suzanne Giorgio
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (UMR 7325), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille13288, France
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste34127, Italy
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz90-236, Poland
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Monique Bernard
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille13385, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS, UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille13273, France
| | - Angèle Viola
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR 7339, Marseille13385, France
| | - Ling Peng
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (UMR 7325), Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Marseille13288, France
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2
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Li J, Wang Y, Distefano MD, Wagner CR, Pomerantz WCK. Multivalent Fluorinated Nanorings for On-Cell 19F NMR. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1330-1339. [PMID: 38254252 PMCID: PMC11375447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The design of imaging agents with a high fluorine content is necessary for overcoming the challenges of low sensitivity in 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based molecular imaging. Chemically self-assembled nanorings (CSANs) provide a strategy to increase the fluorine content through multivalent display. We previously reported an 19F NMR-based imaging tracer, in which case a CSAN-compatible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting protein E1-dimeric dihydrofolate (E1-DD) was bioconjugated to a highly fluorinated peptide. Despite good 19F NMR performance in aqueous solutions, a limited signal was observed in cell-based 19F NMR using this monomeric construct, motivating further design. Here, we design several new E1-DD proteins bioconjugated to peptides of different fluorine contents. Flow cytometry analysis was used to assess the effect of variable fluorinated peptide sequences on the cellular binding characteristics. Structure-optimized protein, RTC-3, displayed an optimal spectral performance with high affinity and specificity for EGFR-overexpressing cells. To further improve the fluorine content, we next engineered monomeric RTC-3 into CSAN, η-RTC-3. With an approximate eightfold increase in the fluorine content, multivalent η-RTC-3 maintained high cellular specificity and optimal 19F NMR spectral behavior. Importantly, the first cell-based 19F NMR spectra of η-RTC-3 were obtained bound to EGFR-expressing A431 cells, showing a significant amplification in the signal. This new design illustrated the potential of multivalent fluorinated CSANs for future 19F MRI molecular imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yiao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mark D Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carston R Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William C K Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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3
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Zhang X, Wang L, Huang R, Wang J, Yan Q. Perfluoro-tert-butyl Group-Derived Capmatinib: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Its Application in 19 F Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300354. [PMID: 37345408 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Capmatinib is an FDA-approved drug to treat metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with MET-exon 14 skipping. Herein, the perfluoro-tert-butyl group, which possesses nine chemically identical fluorine atoms, was introduced on Capmatinib to afford a targeted 19 F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe, perfluoro-tert-butyl group-derived Capmatinib (9F-CAP). The 19 F MRI concentration limit was found to be 25 mM in FLASH sequence. Molecular docking simulation, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) (with a Kd of 40.7 μM), half-inhibitory concentration (with a IC50 of 168 nM), Annexin V, and cytotoxicity assays jointly demonstrated that the 9F-CAP targeted cMET protein specifically. Therefore, the targeted imaging capability of 9F-CAP is of great significance for the preoperative diagnosis of specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel, Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Luting Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Rd., Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qifan Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel, Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai, 200237, China
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4
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Xu Z, Zhao Y. 19 F-Labeled Probes for Recognition-Enabled Chromatographic 19 F NMR. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300031. [PMID: 37052541 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The NMR technique is among the most powerful analytical methods for molecular structural elucidation, process monitoring, and mechanistic investigations; however, the direct analysis of complex real-world samples is often hampered by crowded NMR spectra that are difficult to interpret. The combination of fluorine chemistry and supramolecular interactions leads to a unique detection method named recognition-enabled chromatographic (REC) 19 F NMR, where interactions between analytes and 19 F-labeled probes are transduced into chromatogram-like 19 F NMR signals of discrete chemical shifts. In this account, we summarize our endeavor to develop novel 19 F-labeled probes tailored for separation-free multicomponent analysis. The strategies to achieve chiral discrimination, sensitivity enhancement, and automated analyte identification will be covered. The account will also provide a detailed discussion of the underlying principles for the design of molecular probes for REC 19 F NMR where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchuang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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5
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Detection and Identification of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and Analogs via Recognition-Enabled “Chromatographic” 19F NMR. J Fluor Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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6
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Wei Z, Wen L, Zhu K, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Hu J. Regioselective Aromatic Perfluoro- tert-butylation Using Perfluoro- tert-butyl Phenyl Sulfone and Arynes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22281-22288. [PMID: 36475403 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The selective introduction of perfluoro-tert-butyl group (PFtB, the bulkier analogue of CF3 group) into arenes has long been sought after but remains a formidable task. We herein report the first general synthetic protocol to realize aromatic perfluoro-tert-butylation. The key to the success is the identification of PFtB phenyl sulfone as a new source of PFtB anion, which reacts with arynes in a highly regioselective manner to afford perfluoro-tert-butylated arenes in high yields. The application of the method is demonstrated by the preparation of sensitive 19F-labeled NMR probes with an extraordinary resolving ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lixian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kaidi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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7
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Sheveleva NN, Dolgushev M, Lähderanta E, Markelov DA. Mechanical relaxation of functionalized carbosilane dendrimer melts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13049-13056. [PMID: 35583592 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00805j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Functionalizing the internal structure of classical dendrimers is a new way of tailoring their properties. Using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the rheological behavior of functionalized dendrimer (FD) melts obtained by modifying the branching of carbosilane dendrimers (CSD). The time (relaxation modulus G(t)) and frequency (storage G' and loss G'' moduli) dependencies of the dynamic modulus are obtained. Fourth generation FD melts present a region where G' > G''. In contrast, their non-functionalized counterparts (i.e., classical dendrimers with regular branching) do not show such a region. The comparative analysis of FD and CSD suggests that the internal densification due to functionalization prevents the penetration of branches and causes FD to behave like colloidal particles in a crowded environment. Since CSD have no special interactions, we expect that this effect will be common for other dendrimer macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda N Sheveleva
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia. .,Department of Physics, LUT University, Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Maxim Dolgushev
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, LPTMC, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Erkki Lähderanta
- Department of Physics, LUT University, Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Denis A Markelov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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8
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Abstract
The widespread application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in detection is currently hampered by its inherently low sensitivity and complications resulting from the undesired signal overlap. Here, we report a detection scheme to address these challenges, where analytes are recognized by 19F-labeled probes to induce characteristic shifts of 19F resonances that can be used as "chromatographic" signatures to pin down each low-concentration analyte in complex mixtures. This unique signal transduction mechanism allows detection sensitivity to be enhanced by using massive chemically equivalent 19F atoms, which was achieved through the proper installation of nonafluoro-tert-butoxy groups on probes of high structural symmetry. It is revealed that the binding of an analyte to the probe can be sensed by as many as 72 chemically equivalent 19F atoms, allowing the quantification of analytes at nanomolar concentrations to be routinely performed by NMR. Applications on the detection of trace amounts of prohibited drug molecules and water contaminants were demonstrated. The high sensitivity and robust resolving ability of this approach represent a first step toward extending the application of NMR to scenarios that are now governed by chromatographic and mass spectrometry techniques. The detection scheme also makes possible the highly sensitive non-invasive multi-component analysis that is difficult to achieve by other analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Siyi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yanchuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Application of Dendrimers in Anticancer Diagnostics and Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103237. [PMID: 35630713 PMCID: PMC9144149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of dendrimeric constructs in medical diagnostics and therapeutics is increasing. Dendrimers have attracted attention due to their compact, spherical three-dimensional structures with surfaces that can be modified by the attachment of various drugs, hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups, or reporter molecules. In the literature, many modified dendrimer systems with various applications have been reported, including drug and gene delivery systems, biosensors, bioimaging contrast agents, tissue engineering, and therapeutic agents. Dendrimers are used for the delivery of macromolecules, miRNAs, siRNAs, and many other various biomedical applications, and they are ideal carriers for bioactive molecules. In addition, the conjugation of dendrimers with antibodies, proteins, and peptides allows for the design of vaccines with highly specific and predictable properties, and the role of dendrimers as carrier systems for vaccine antigens is increasing. In this work, we will focus on a review of the use of dendrimers in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Dendrimer-based nanosystems for drug delivery are commonly based on polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) that can be modified with drugs and contrast agents. Moreover, dendrimers can be successfully used as conjugates that deliver several substances simultaneously. The potential to develop dendrimers with multifunctional abilities has served as an impetus for the design of new molecular platforms for medical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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10
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Du L, Helsper S, Nosratabad NA, Wang W, Fadool DA, Amiens C, Grant S, Mattoussi H. A Multifunctional Contrast Agent for 19F-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:881-891. [PMID: 35446553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI, relying on 19F nuclei has attracted much attention, because the isotopes exhibit a high gyromagnetic ratio (comparable to that of protons) and have 100% natural abundance. Furthermore, due to the very low traces of intrinsic fluorine in biological tissues, fluorine labeling allows easy visualization in vivo using 19F-based MRI. However, one of the drawbacks of the available fluorine tracers is their very limited solubility in water. Here, we detail the design and preparation of a set of water-compatible fluorine-rich polymers as contrast agents that can enhance the effectiveness of 19F-based MRI. The agents are synthesized using the nucleophilic addition reaction between poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) copolymer and a mixture of amine-appended fluorine groups and polyethylene glycol (PEG) blocks. This allows control over the polymer architecture and stoichiometry, resulting in good affinity to water solutions. We further investigate the effects of introducing additional segmental mobility to the fluorine moieties in the polymer, by inserting a PEG linker between the moieties and the polymer backbone. We find that controlling the polymer stoichiometry and introducing additional segmental mobility enhance the NMR signals and narrow the peak profile. In particular, we assess the impact of the PEG linker on T2* and T1 relaxation times, using a series of gradient-recalled echo images with varying echo times, TE, or recovery time, TR, respectively. We find that for equivalent concentrations, the PEG linker greatly increases T2*, while maintaining high T1 values, as compared to polymers without this linker. Phantom images collected from these compounds show bright signals over a background with high intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Shannon Helsper
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.,FAMU-FSU Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Neda Arabzadeh Nosratabad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Debra Ann Fadool
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Catherine Amiens
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077-Toulouse, Cedex 4, France
| | - Samuel Grant
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States.,FAMU-FSU Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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11
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Li Y, Cui J, Li C, Zhou H, Chang J, Aras O, An F. 19 F MRI Nanotheranostics for Cancer Management: Progress and Prospects. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100701. [PMID: 34951121 PMCID: PMC9432482 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19 F MRI) is a promising imaging technique for cancer diagnosis because of its excellent soft tissue resolution and deep tissue penetration, as well as the inherent high natural abundance, almost no endogenous interference, quantitative analysis, and wide chemical shift range of the 19 F nucleus. In recent years, scientists have synthesized various 19 F MRI contrast agents. By further integrating a wide variety of nanomaterials and cutting-edge construction strategies, magnetically equivalent 19 F atoms are super-loaded and maintain satisfactory relaxation efficiency to obtain high-intensity 19 F MRI signals. In this review, the nuclear magnetic resonance principle underlying 19 F MRI is first described. Then, the construction and performance of various fluorinated contrast agents are summarized. Finally, challenges and future prospects regarding the clinical translation of 19 F MRI nanoprobes are considered. This review will provide strategic guidance and panoramic expectations for designing new cancer theranostic regimens and realizing their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenlong Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chang
- College of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Feifei An
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No.76 Yanta West Road, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Joseph JM, Gigliobianco MR, Firouzabadi BM, Censi R, Di Martino P. Nanotechnology as a Versatile Tool for 19F-MRI Agent's Formulation: A Glimpse into the Use of Perfluorinated and Fluorinated Compounds in Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:382. [PMID: 35214114 PMCID: PMC8874484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously being a non-radiative and non-invasive technique makes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) one of the highly sought imaging techniques for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Despite more than four decades of research on finding a suitable imaging agent from fluorine for clinical applications, it still lingers as a challenge to get the regulatory approval compared to its hydrogen counterpart. The pertinent hurdle is the simultaneous intrinsic hydrophobicity and lipophobicity of fluorine and its derivatives that make them insoluble in any liquids, strongly limiting their application in areas such as targeted delivery. A blossoming technique to circumvent the unfavorable physicochemical characteristics of perfluorocarbon compounds (PFCs) and guarantee a high local concentration of fluorine in the desired body part is to encapsulate them in nanosystems. In this review, we will be emphasizing different types of nanocarrier systems studied to encapsulate various PFCs and fluorinated compounds, headway to be applied as a contrast agent (CA) in fluorine-19 MRI (19F MRI). We would also scrutinize, especially from studies over the last decade, the different types of PFCs and their specific applications and limitations concerning the nanoparticle (NP) system used to encapsulate them. A critical evaluation for future opportunities would be speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Maria Joseph
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.M.J.); (B.M.F.); (P.D.M.)
| | | | | | - Roberta Censi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.M.J.); (B.M.F.); (P.D.M.)
| | - Piera Di Martino
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (J.M.J.); (B.M.F.); (P.D.M.)
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti e Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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13
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Wu T, Chen K, Jiang M, Li A, Peng X, Chen S, Yang Z, Zhou X, Zheng X, Jiang ZX. Hydrofluorocarbon nanoparticles for 19F MRI-fluorescence dual imaging and chemo-photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1299-1305. [PMID: 35072680 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The synergistic chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) may significantly improve the cancer therapeutic efficacy, in which fluorinated nanoemulsions are highly advantageous for their ability to deliver oxygen to hypoxic tumors and provide fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI). The low solubility of chemotherapy drugs and photosensitizers in current perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based 19F MRI agents usually leads to complicated formulations or chemical modifications and low nanoemulsion stability and performance. Herein, we employ readily available partially fluorinated ethyl 2-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate as the 19F MRI agent and the solvent to dissolve the cancer stem cell inhibitor salinomycin and the photosensitizer ICG for the convenient preparation of 19F MRI-fluorescence dual imaging and synergistic chemotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy nanoemulsions. The chemotherapy drug salinomycin has a high solubility in the partially fluorinated reagent, facilitating its high loading and efficient delivery. Paramagnetic iron(III) (Fe3+) is incorporated into the nanoemulsion through the dissolved chelator to significantly improve the 19F MRI sensitivity. Furthermore, the dissolved fluorinated 2-pyridone enables the efficient capture and sustained release of singlet oxygen in the dark for high PDT efficacy. The multifunctional nanoemulsions show sensitive 19F MRI and fluorescence dual imaging capability and high synergistic chemotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy efficacy in cancer cells, which may be valuable oxygen delivery, sustained ROS generating and release, dual imaging and multimodal therapy agents for hypoxic tumors. This study provided a convenient co-solubilization strategy for the rapid construction of multifunctional theranostics for hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Wu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Kexin Chen
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Mou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Anfeng Li
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Xingxing Peng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China.
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences - Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, China
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14
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Zhang C, Yan K, Fu C, Peng H, Hawker CJ, Whittaker AK. Biological Utility of Fluorinated Compounds: from Materials Design to Molecular Imaging, Therapeutics and Environmental Remediation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:167-208. [PMID: 34609131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The applications of fluorinated molecules in bioengineering and nanotechnology are expanding rapidly with the controlled introduction of fluorine being broadly studied due to the unique properties of C-F bonds. This review will focus on the design and utility of C-F containing materials in imaging, therapeutics, and environmental applications with a central theme being the importance of controlling fluorine-fluorine interactions and understanding how such interactions impact biological behavior. Low natural abundance of fluorine is shown to provide sensitivity and background advantages for imaging and detection of a variety of diseases with 19F magnetic resonance imaging, 18F positron emission tomography and ultrasound discussed as illustrative examples. The presence of C-F bonds can also be used to tailor membrane permeability and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs and delivery agents for enhanced cell uptake and therapeutics. A key message of this review is that while the promise of C-F containing materials is significant, a subset of highly fluorinated compounds such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), have been identified as posing a potential risk to human health. The unique properties of the C-F bond and the significant potential for fluorine-fluorine interactions in PFAS structures necessitate the development of new strategies for facile and efficient environmental removal and remediation. Recent progress in the development of fluorine-containing compounds as molecular imaging and therapeutic agents will be reviewed and their design features contrasted with environmental and health risks for PFAS systems. Finally, present challenges and future directions in the exploitation of the biological aspects of fluorinated systems will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kai Yan
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Green Chemicals and Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Changkui Fu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hui Peng
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig J Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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15
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Zhang H, Bo S, Zeng K, Wang J, Li Y, Yang Z, Zhou X, Chen S, Jiang ZX. Fluorinated porphyrin-based theranostics for dual imaging and chemo-photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:4469-4474. [PMID: 32363372 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00083c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Convenient strategies to transform regular liposomes or nano-micelles into multifunctional theranostics would be highly valuable in cancer therapy. Herein, we developed an amphiphilic fluorinated porphyrin dendrimer as a multifunctional "add-on" module which would self-assemble onto liposomal drug delivery systems and conveniently transform the liposomes into novel theranostics. Through cancer cells and murine xenograft tumor model assays, the theranostics showed valuable fluorescence/19F magnetic resonance dual modal imaging and highly efficient chemo-photodynamic therapy. The modular strategy facilitates the convenient and standardized preparation of multifunctional theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaibin Zhang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China. and State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Shaowei Bo
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Kai Zeng
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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16
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Wu T, Li A, Chen K, Peng X, Zhang J, Jiang M, Chen S, Zheng X, Zhou X, Jiang ZX. Perfluoro- tert-butanol: a cornerstone for high performance fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7743-7757. [PMID: 34286714 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02133h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a versatile quantification and tracking technology, 19F magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) provides quantitative "hot-spot" images without ionizing radiation, tissue depth limit, and background interference. However, the lack of suitable imaging agents severely hampers its clinical application. First, because the 19F signals are solely originated from imaging agents, the relatively low sensitivity of MRI technology requires high local 19F concentrations to generate images, which are often beyond the reach of many 19F MRI agents. Second, the peculiar physicochemical properties of many fluorinated compounds usually lead to low 19F signal intensity, tedious formulation, severe organ retention, etc. Therefore, the development of 19F MRI agents with high sensitivity and with suitable physicochemical and biological properties is of great importance. To this end, perfluoro-tert-butanol (PFTB), containing nine equivalent 19F and a modifiable hydroxyl group, has outperformed most perfluorocarbons as a valuable building block for high performance 19F MRI agents. Herein, we summarize the development and application of PFTB-based 19F MRI agents and analyze the strategies to improve their sensitivity and physicochemical and biological properties. In the context of PFC-based 19F MRI agents, we also discuss the challenges and prospects of PFTB-based 19F MRI agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjuan Wu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Anfeng Li
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Kexin Chen
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Xingxing Peng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Mou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovative Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovative Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xing Zheng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovative Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China. and Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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17
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Lv J, Cheng Y. Fluoropolymers in biomedical applications: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5435-5467. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical applications of fluoropolymers in gene delivery, protein delivery, drug delivery, 19F MRI, PDT, anti-fouling, anti-bacterial, cell culture, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology
- School of Life Sciences
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai
- China
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18
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19
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Xu W, Xu X, Qing F. Synthesis and Properties of
CF
3
(
OCF
3
)
CH‐Substituted
Arenes and Alkenes
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Xiu‐Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Feng‐Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science 345 Lingling Lu Shanghai 200032 China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco‐Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University 2999 North Renmin Lu Shanghai 201620 China
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20
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Hu G, Li Y, Li L, Xu S, Wang L. Fluorinated ZnFe III Hollow Metal-Organic Framework as a 19F NMR Probe for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:8373-8379. [PMID: 32309748 PMCID: PMC7161043 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered as a highly toxic environmental pollutant and an important signal transmitter in physiological processes, and the selective and reliable detection of H2S is of great concern and remains challenging. Herein, we report a smart sensitive "off-on" 19F NMR sensor for H2S by partially introducing a fluorinated ligand to construct a hollow dual metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosystem, F-ZnFeIII hMOF, in which the fluorinated ligand acts as the 19F signal source but is initially quenched due to the strong paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) effect from neighboring Fe3+ nodes. Upon exposure to sulfide ions, reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ is specifically triggered, which attenuates PRE efficiency, thus turning on the 19F NMR signal. The unique hollow MOF architecture benefits the mobility of 19F atoms, thereby improving the response sensitivity. Meanwhile, the desirable H2S-sorption feature and appropriate redox potential of Fe3+/Fe2+ account for the favorable selectivity. The increase in the 19F signal is linear with the concentration of sulfide in the range of 20 to 150 μM with a detection limit of 2.8 μM. The probe is well demonstrated by analyzing H2S in complex matrixes such as biological and foodstuff samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft
Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yina Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft
Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft
Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Suying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft
Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Leyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft
Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing
University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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21
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Martinez Espinoza MI, Sori L, Pizzi A, Terraneo G, Moggio I, Arias E, Pozzi G, Orlandi S, Dichiarante V, Metrangolo P, Cavazzini M, Baldelli Bombelli F. BODIPY Dyes Bearing Multibranched Fluorinated Chains: Synthesis, Structural, and Spectroscopic Studies. Chemistry 2019; 25:9078-9087. [PMID: 31184410 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A small series of boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes, characterized by the presence of multibranched fluorinated residues, were designed and synthesized. The dyes differ in both the position (para-perfluoroalkoxy-substituted phenyl ring or boron functionalization) and number of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms (27 or 54 fluorine atoms per molecule). Photophysical and crystallographic characterization of the synthesized BODIPYs was carried out to evaluate the effect of the presence of highly fluorinated moieties on the optical and morphological properties of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Martinez Espinoza
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sori
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Pizzi
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivana Moggio
- Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, 25294, Saltillo, México
| | - Eduardo Arias
- Departamento de Materiales Avanzados, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, 25294, Saltillo, México
| | - Gianluca Pozzi
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM), National Research Council (CNR), 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Simonetta Orlandi
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM), National Research Council (CNR), 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Dichiarante
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cavazzini
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM), National Research Council (CNR), 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Laboratory of Supramolecular and Bio-Nanomaterials, (SupraBioNanoLab), Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy
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22
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Accelerated 19F·MRI Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/-9 through Responsive Deactivation of Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2019; 2019:4826520. [PMID: 30944549 PMCID: PMC6421815 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4826520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Paramagnetic gadolinium ions (GdIII), complexed within DOTA-based chelates, have become useful tools to increase the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast in tissues of interest. Recently, "on/off" probes serving as 19F·MRI biosensors for target enzymes have emerged that utilize the increase in transverse (T 2 ∗ or T 2) relaxation times upon cleavage of the paramagnetic GdIII centre. Molecular 19F·MRI has the advantage of high specificity due to the lack of background signal but suffers from low signal intensity that leads to low spatial resolution and long recording times. In this work, an "on/off" probe concept is introduced that utilizes responsive deactivation of paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) to generate 19F longitudinal (T 1) relaxation contrast for accelerated molecular MRI. The probe concept is applied to matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a class of enzymes linked with many inflammatory diseases and cancer that modify bioactive extracellular substrates. The presence of these biomarkers in extracellular space makes MMPs an accessible target for responsive PRE deactivation probes. Responsive PRE deactivation in a 19F biosensor probe, selective for MMP-2 and MMP-9, is shown to enable molecular MRI contrast at significantly reduced experimental times compared to previous methods. PRE deactivation was caused by MMP through cleavage of a protease substrate that served as a linker between the fluorine-containing moiety and a paramagnetic GdIII-bound DOTA complex. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI and, alternatively, short echo times in standard gradient echo (GE) MRI were employed to cope with the fast 19F transverse relaxation of the PRE active probe in its "on-state." Upon responsive PRE deactivation, the 19F·MRI signal from the "off-state" probe diminished, thereby indicating the presence of the target enzyme through the associated negative MRI contrast. Null point 1H·MRI, obtainable within a short time course, was employed to identify false-positive 19F·MRI responses caused by dilution of the contrast agent.
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23
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Zhang C, Sanchez RJP, Fu C, Clayden-Zabik R, Peng H, Kempe K, Whittaker AK. Importance of Thermally Induced Aggregation on 19F Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Perfluoropolyether-Based Comb-Shaped Poly(2-oxazoline)s. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:365-374. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Lv X, Zheng X, Yang Z, Jiang ZX. One-pot synthesis of monodisperse dual-functionalized polyethylene glycols through macrocyclic sulfates. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8537-8545. [PMID: 30357237 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dual-functionalization of monodisperse oligoethylene glycols, especially hetero-functionalization, provides a series of highly valuable intermediates for life and materials sciences. However, the existing methods for the preparation of these compounds suffer excessive protecting and activating group manipulation as well as tedious purification. Here, a one-pot dual-substitution strategy with macrocyclic sulfates of polyethylene glycols as the key intermediates was developed for the convenient and scalable preparation of a series of homo-functionalized and hetero-functionalized oligoethylene glycols in just 1 step. A high synthetic efficacy was achieved by avoiding the protecting and activating group manipulation and the intermediate purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lv
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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25
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Zhang C, Kim DS, Lawrence J, Hawker CJ, Whittaker AK. Elucidating the Impact of Molecular Structure on the 19F NMR Dynamics and MRI Performance of Fluorinated Oligomers. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:921-926. [PMID: 35650966 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To understand molecular factors that impact the performance of polymeric 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents, a series of discrete fluorinated oligoacrylates with precisely defined structure were prepared through the combination of controlled polymerization and chromatographic separation techniques. These discrete oligomers enabled thorough elucidation of the dependence of 19F NMR and MRI properties on molecular structure, for example, the chain length. Importantly, the oligomer size and dispersity strongly influence NMR dynamics (T1 and T2 relaxation times) and MR imaging properties with higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) observed for oligomers with longer chain length and shorter T1. Our approach enables an effective pathway and thus opportunities to rationally design effective polymeric 19F MR imaging agents with optimized molecular structure and NMR relaxivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong Sub Kim
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jimmy Lawrence
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, Materials Department and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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26
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Peng Q, Li Y, Bo S, Yuan Y, Yang Z, Chen S, Zhou X, Jiang ZX. Paramagnetic nanoemulsions with unified signals for sensitive 19F MRI cell tracking. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6000-6003. [PMID: 29796466 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02938e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As a promising cell tracking technology, 19F MRI suffers from low sensitivity. Here, fluorinated nanoemulsions with a unified 19F signal and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement were developed as 19F MRI cellular tracers with high stability, size controllability, biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and dual-modality for sensitive in vivo RAW264.7 cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Peng
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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27
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Bo S, Yuan Y, Chen Y, Yang Z, Chen S, Zhou X, Jiang ZX. In vivo drug tracking with 19F MRI at therapeutic dose. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3875-3878. [PMID: 29594281 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09898g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tracking drugs with 19F MRI would be beneficial for developing theranostics and optimizing drug therapy. To this end, a fluorinated dendritic amphiphile with high 19F MRI sensitivity and biocompatibility has been developed for 19F MRI tracking of doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded liposomes in mice, which may provide an effective platform to in vivo trace various drugs with 19F MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Bo
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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28
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Domino K, Veryser C, Wahlqvist BA, Gaardbo C, Neumann KT, Daasbjerg K, De Borggraeve WM, Skrydstrup T. Direct Access to Aryl Bis(trifluoromethyl)carbinols from Aryl Bromides or Fluorosulfates: Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Domino
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Cedrick Veryser
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Molecular Design and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Benjamin A. Wahlqvist
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Cecilie Gaardbo
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Karoline T. Neumann
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Wim M. De Borggraeve
- Molecular Design and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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29
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Domino K, Veryser C, Wahlqvist BA, Gaardbo C, Neumann KT, Daasbjerg K, De Borggraeve WM, Skrydstrup T. Direct Access to Aryl Bis(trifluoromethyl)carbinols from Aryl Bromides or Fluorosulfates: Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6858-6862. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Domino
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Cedrick Veryser
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
- Molecular Design and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Benjamin A. Wahlqvist
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Cecilie Gaardbo
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Karoline T. Neumann
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Wim M. De Borggraeve
- Molecular Design and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; KU Leuven; 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Department of Chemistry and the Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO); Aarhus University; Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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30
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McMahon MT, Bulte JWM. Two decades of dendrimers as versatile MRI agents: a tale with and without metals. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 10:e1496. [PMID: 28895298 PMCID: PMC5989322 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers or dendritic polymers are a class of compounds with great potential for nanomedical use. Some of their properties, including their rigidity, low polydispersity and the ease with which their surfaces can be modified make them particularly well suited for use as MRI diagnostic or theranostic agents. For the past 20 years, researchers have recognized this potential and refined dendrimer formulations to optimize these nanocarriers for a host of MRI applications, including blood pool imaging agents, lymph node imaging agents, tumor-targeted theranostic agents and cell tracking agents. This review summarizes the various types of dendrimers according to the type of MR contrast they can provide. This includes the metallic T1 , T2 and paraCEST imaging agents, and the non-metallic diaCEST and fluorinated (19 F) heteronuclear imaging agents. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. McMahon
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff W. M. Bulte
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
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31
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Önal E, Zhang C, Davarcı D, İşci Ü, Pilet G, Whittaker AK, Dumoulin F. Cyclotriphosphazene, a scaffold for 19 F MRI contrast agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Peng Q, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Bo S, Li Y, Chen S, Yang Z, Zhou X, Jiang ZX. 19F CEST imaging probes for metal ion detection. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:6441-6446. [PMID: 28741638 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For detecting metal ions with 19F chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging (19F CEST MRI), a class of novel fluorinated chelators with diverse fluorine contents and chelation properties were conveniently synthesized on gram scales. Among them, a DTPA-derived chelator with high sensitivity and selectivity was identified as a novel 19F CEST imaging probe for simultaneously detecting multiple metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Peng
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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33
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Preliminary 19F-MRS Study of Tumor Cell Proliferation with 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine and Its Metabolite (FLT-MP). CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 2017:3981358. [PMID: 29097919 PMCID: PMC5634584 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3981358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The thymidine analogue 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine, or [18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT), is used to measure tumor cell proliferation with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging technology in nuclear medicine. FLT is phosphorylated by thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and then trapped inside cells; it is not incorporated into DNA. Imaging with 18F-radiolabeled FLT is a noninvasive technique to visualize cellular proliferation in tumors. However, it is difficult to distinguish between [18F]FLT and its metabolites by PET imaging, and quantification has not been attempted using current imaging methods. In this study, we successfully acquired in vivo19F spectra of natural or nonradioactive 3'-deoxy-3'-fluorothymidine ([19F]FLT) and its monophosphate metabolite (FLT-MP) in a tumor xenograft mouse model using 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This preliminary result demonstrates that 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with FLT is suitable for the in vivo assessment of tumor aggressiveness and for early prediction of treatment response.
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34
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Liu X, Yuan Y, Bo S, Li Y, Yang Z, Zhou X, Chen S, Jiang ZX. Monitoring Fluorinated Dendrimer-Based Self-Assembled Drug-Delivery Systems with 19
F Magnetic Resonance. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for fluorinated Pharmaceuticals; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; 430071 Wuhan China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 430071 Wuhan China
| | - Shaowei Bo
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for fluorinated Pharmaceuticals; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; 430071 Wuhan China
| | - Yu Li
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for fluorinated Pharmaceuticals; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; 430071 Wuhan China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for fluorinated Pharmaceuticals; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; 430071 Wuhan China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 430071 Wuhan China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics; Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 430071 Wuhan China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for fluorinated Pharmaceuticals; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wuhan University; 430071 Wuhan China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials; Dong Hua University; 201620 Shanghai China
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35
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Shi H, Lai B, Chen S, Zhou X, Nie J, Ma JA. Facile Synthesis of Novel Perfluorocarbon-Modulated 4-Anilinoquinazoline Analogues. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201700240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Bonan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan Hubei 430071 China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300072 China
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36
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Zhang C, Moonshi SS, Han Y, Puttick S, Peng H, Magoling BJA, Reid JC, Bernardi S, Searles DJ, Král P, Whittaker AK. PFPE-Based Polymeric 19F MRI Agents: A New Class of Contrast Agents with Outstanding Sensitivity. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of
Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Shehzahdi Shebbrin Moonshi
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of
Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | | | - Simon Puttick
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of
Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Hui Peng
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of
Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Bryan John Abel Magoling
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - James C. Reid
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Stefano Bernardi
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Debra J. Searles
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
- School
of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Petr Král
- Department
of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Andrew K. Whittaker
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of
Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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37
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Kirberger SE, Maltseva SD, Manulik JC, Einstein SA, Weegman BP, Garwood M, Pomerantz WCK. Synthesis of Intrinsically Disordered Fluorinated Peptides for Modular Design of High-Signal 19 F MRI Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6440-6444. [PMID: 28471097 PMCID: PMC5493043 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
19 F MRI is valuable for in vivo imaging due to the only trace amounts of fluorine in biological systems. Because of the low sensitivity of MRI however, designing new fluorochemicals remains a significant challenge for achieving sufficient 19 F signal. Here, we describe a new class of high-signal, water-soluble fluorochemicals as 19 F MRI imaging agents. A polyamide backbone is used for tuning the proteolytic stability to avoid retention within the body, which is a limitation of current state-of-the-art perfluorochemicals. We show that unstructured peptides containing alternating N-ϵ-trifluoroacetyllysine and lysine provide a degenerate 19 F NMR signal. 19 F MRI phantom images provide sufficient contrast at micromolar concentrations, showing promise for eventual clinical applications. Finally, the degenerate high signal characteristics were retained when conjugated to a large protein, indicating potential for in vivo targeting applications, including molecular imaging and cell tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Kirberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sofia D Maltseva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joseph C Manulik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Samuel A Einstein
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 2021 6thSt. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Bradley P Weegman
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 2021 6thSt. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Michael Garwood
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 2021 6thSt. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - William C K Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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38
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Elgqvist J. Nanoparticles as Theranostic Vehicles in Experimental and Clinical Applications-Focus on Prostate and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1102. [PMID: 28531102 PMCID: PMC5455010 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate and breast cancer are the second most and most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women worldwide, respectively. The American Cancer Society estimates that during 2016 in the USA around 430,000 individuals were diagnosed with one of these two types of cancers, and approximately 15% of them will die from the disease. In Europe, the rate of incidences and deaths are similar to those in the USA. Several different more or less successful diagnostic and therapeutic approaches have been developed and evaluated in order to tackle this issue and thereby decrease the death rates. By using nanoparticles as vehicles carrying both diagnostic and therapeutic molecular entities, individualized targeted theranostic nanomedicine has emerged as a promising option to increase the sensitivity and the specificity during diagnosis, as well as the likelihood of survival or prolonged survival after therapy. This article presents and discusses important and promising different kinds of nanoparticles, as well as imaging and therapy options, suitable for theranostic applications. The presentation of different nanoparticles and theranostic applications is quite general, but there is a special focus on prostate cancer. Some references and aspects regarding breast cancer are however also presented and discussed. Finally, the prostate cancer case is presented in more detail regarding diagnosis, staging, recurrence, metastases, and treatment options available today, followed by possible ways to move forward applying theranostics for both prostate and breast cancer based on promising experiments performed until today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörgen Elgqvist
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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39
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Kirberger SE, Maltseva SD, Manulik JC, Einstein SA, Weegman BP, Garwood M, Pomerantz WCK. Synthesis of Intrinsically Disordered Fluorinated Peptides for Modular Design of High-Signal 19
F MRI Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Kirberger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Sofia D. Maltseva
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Joseph C. Manulik
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Samuel A. Einstein
- Department of Radiology; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; 2021 6 St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Bradley P. Weegman
- Department of Radiology; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; 2021 6 St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael Garwood
- Department of Radiology; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; 2021 6 St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - William C. K. Pomerantz
- Department of Chemistry; University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; 207 Pleasant St. SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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40
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Li Y, Xia G, Guo Q, Wu L, Chen S, Yang Z, Wang W, Zhang ZY, Zhou X, Jiang ZX. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel 19F magnetic resonance sensitive protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:1672-1680. [PMID: 27529021 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00277c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine is a highly attractive element for both medicinal chemistry and imaging technologies. To facilitate protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs)-targeted drug discovery and imaging-guided PTP research with fluorine, several highly potent and 19F MR sensitive PTP inhibitors were discovered through a structure-based focused library strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guiquan Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qi Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; State Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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41
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Li Y, Qiu X, Jiang ZX. Macrocyclic Sulfates as Versatile Building Blocks in the Synthesis of Monodisperse Poly(ethylene glycol)s and Monofunctionalized Derivatives. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of the
Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaolong Qiu
- Wisdom Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 18 Qinghua Road, Haimen, Jiangsu 226123, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery of the
Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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42
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Bo S, Song C, Li Y, Yu W, Chen S, Zhou X, Yang Z, Zheng X, Jiang ZX. Design and Synthesis of Fluorinated Amphiphile as 19F MRI/Fluorescence Dual-Imaging Agent by Tuning the Self-Assembly. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6360-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Bo
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan
University), Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Cong Song
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan
University), Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan
University), Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Weijiang Yu
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan
University), Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shizhen Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key
Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,
National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key
Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,
National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan
University), Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Wuhan
University), Ministry of Education and Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang 421001, China
| |
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