1
|
Intano J, Riel LP, Lim J, Robinson JR, Howell AR. 1,6-Dioxo-2-azaspiro[3.4]oct-2-enes and Related Spirocycles: Heterocycles from [3 + 2] Nitrile Oxide Cycloadditions with 2-Methyleneoxetanes, -Thietanes, and -Azetidines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38016079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Isoxazolines and 4-membered heterocycles are significant structural motifs in numerous synthetic intermediates and natural products. [3 + 2] Cycloadditions between enol ethers and nitrile oxides have been well studied; however, nitrile oxide cycloadditions with 4-membered heterocycles to give spiroisoxazolines are unreported. Here, we showcase the regio- and diastereoselective [3 + 2] nitrile oxide cycloadditions of 2-methyleneoxetanes, -azetidines, and -thietanes to give an array of 1,6-dioxo-2-azaspiro[3.4]oct-2-enes and related spirocycles. 2D NMR experiments suggested that most of the observed diastereoselectivities were dictated by steric interactions; however, dipolarophiles with H bonding donors reversed the stereochemical outcome. X-ray crystallography confirmed the structural assignments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Intano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Louis P Riel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jacky Lim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Jerome R Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Amy R Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Oxetanes are important motifs for drug discovery and are valuable templates in organic synthesis. Much of their use as synthetic intermediates exploits their inherent strain, often resulting in chain extensions at the expense of the heterocycle. Modifications on the carbon alpha to the oxygen of oxetanes, such as the C═O of β-lactones, extend the modes of reactivity. Nevertheless, the outcomes are still largely predictable. On the other hand, other alpha modifications, such as a ═CH2, a spiro-oxiranyl moiety, or a spiro-cyclopropyl group, increase strain and open pathways not available to simple oxetanes or β-lactones. Methods in generating 2-methyleneoxetanes, 1,5-dioxaspiro[3.2]hexanes, and 4-oxaspiro[2.3]hexanes have been developed by us and others. To date, reactions of these systems have sometimes been predictable, but often the outcomes have been unexpected. This has provided fertile ground for thinking about what controls reactivity and what other reaction pathways might be accessible to these strain-heightened oxetanes.This Account summarizes the published literature on the most straightforward approaches to 2-methyleneoxetanes, dioxaspirohexanes, and oxaspirohexanes and on their reactivity. In contrast to simple oxetanes, reactions of 2-methyleneoxetanes with nucleophiles at C4 release an enolate rather than an alkoxide. Also, 2-methyleneoxetanes can be converted to homopropargyl alcohols or undergo a silicon accelerated isomerization/electrocyclic ring opening, processes accessible only because of the exocyclic double bond. In addition, oxetane oxocarbenium ions, derived from protonation of the enol ether, can react with nucleophiles to provide 2,2-disubstituted oxetanes. Oxaspirohexanes are readily prepared by Simmons-Smith cyclopropanation of 2-methyleneoxetanes. These unusual systems undergo a variety of substituent dependent rearrangements in the presence of the Lewis acid BF3·Et2O. In addition, upon treatment with Zeise's dimer, oxaspirohexanes are transformed to synthetically useful 3-methylenetetrahydrofurans. Dioxaspirohexanes are easily accessed by dimethyldioxirane oxidation of 2-methyleneoxetanes. Predictably, dioxaspirohexanes react with many nucleophiles to give α-functionalized-β'-hydroxy ketones. Unexpectedly, 2,2-disubstituted oxetanes can also be selectively produced. This latter pathway has led to further unusual transformations, illuminating computational studies, and novel routes to biologically relevant molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason An
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Louis P. Riel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Amy R. Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chatterjee A, Saha R, Pal P, Mondal S, Chakrabarty K. Effectiveness of the bimetallic catalytic center over the monometallic one for catalyzing the rearrangement of cyclopropanated bicyclic derivatives. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Chatterjee A, Mondal S, Saha R, Pal P, Chakrabarty K, Das GK. Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of Rearrangement Reactions of Bicyclic Derivatives of Cyclopropane to Monocyclic Derivatives under the Catalysis of Pt-Salt. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16165-16174. [PMID: 31458253 PMCID: PMC6643901 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the mechanistic studies on the isomerization of hydroxyl and silyl derivatives of bicyclic cyclopropanes under the catalytic action of Zeise's salt have been reported. The catalytic activity of both the monomeric and the dimeric forms of Zeise's salt has been studied by applying the high-level quantum mechanical method. Results from this investigation reveal that the reaction goes favorably under the catalysis of the dimeric form of Zeise's salt. The calculated activation barrier for the catalytic process using Zeise's dimer reveals that the rearrangement occurs with an activation barrier of 19-25 kcal mol-1. Depending on the nature of substituents present on the substrate, formation of various products has been explained. This study also includes the heteronuclear counter part of Zeise's dimer where one of the Pt-metals is replaced by palladium (Pd) and nickel (Ni) successively. The calculated activation barrier using these heteronuclear catalysts is found to be close enough to that calculated for the catalytic pathway using Zeise's dimer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lopez SS, Jaworski AA, Scheidt KA. NHC-Catalyzed Formal [2+2] Annulations of Allenoates for the Synthesis of Substituted Oxetanes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14637-14645. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana S. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ashley A. Jaworski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Study on the mechanism of isomerization of oxaspirohexane catalyzed by Zeise’s Dimer. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
7
|
Malapit CA, Caldwell DR, Sassu N, Milbin S, Howell AR. Pd-Catalyzed Acyl C-O Bond Activation for Selective Ring-Opening of α-Methylene-β-lactones with Amines. Org Lett 2017; 19:1966-1969. [PMID: 28375015 PMCID: PMC5839468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed ring-opening of β-lactones with various types of amines (primary, secondary, and aryl) to provide β-hydroxy amides with excellent selectivity toward acyl C-O bond cleavage is reported. The utility of this protocol is demonstrated in an asymmetric kinetic resolution providing enantioenriched α-methylene-β-lactones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Malapit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060 United States
| | - Donald R. Caldwell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060 United States
| | - Nicole Sassu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060 United States
| | - Samuel Milbin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060 United States
| | - Amy R. Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060 United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2015. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
9
|
Bull JA, Croft RA, Davis OA, Doran R, Morgan KF. Oxetanes: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Reactivity, and Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12150-12233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A. Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kate F. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Austad BC, Hague AB, White P, Peluso S, Nair SJ, Depew KM, Grogan MJ, Charette AB, Yu LC, Lory CD, Grenier L, Lescarbeau A, Lane BS, Lombardy R, Behnke ML, Koney N, Porter JR, Campbell MJ, Shaffer J, Xiong J, Helble JC, Foley MA, Adams J, Castro AC, Tremblay MR. Development of a Multi Kilogram-Scale, Tandem Cyclopropanation Ring-Expansion Reaction en Route to Hedgehog Antagonist IPI-926. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Austad
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrew B. Hague
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Priscilla White
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stéphane Peluso
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Somarajan J. Nair
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kristopher M. Depew
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael J. Grogan
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - André B. Charette
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Roger Gaudry Building, D-644, Faculty
of Arts and Sciences, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Station Downtown, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Lin-Chen Yu
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Caroline D. Lory
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Louis Grenier
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - André Lescarbeau
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benjamin S. Lane
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard Lombardy
- Johnson Matthey Pharma Services, 25 Patton Rd, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Mark L. Behnke
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nii Koney
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James R. Porter
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matthew J. Campbell
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeanne Shaffer
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jimin Xiong
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph C. Helble
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael A. Foley
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julian Adams
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alfredo C. Castro
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin R. Tremblay
- Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 784 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reaction of elemental phosphorus with α-methylstyrenes: one-pot synthesis of secondary and tertiary phosphines, prospective bulky ligands for Pd(II) catalysts. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
René O, Stepek IA, Gobbi A, Fauber BP, Gaines S. Palladium-Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Spirocyclopropanes to Form Caprolactams and Azepanes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:10218-25. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier René
- Genentech, Incorporated, Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Iain A. Stepek
- Genentech, Incorporated, Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alberto Gobbi
- Genentech, Incorporated, Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Fauber
- Genentech, Incorporated, Discovery Chemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Simon Gaines
- Argenta, Discovery Services, Charles River, 7-9 Spire Green Centre, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Malapit CA, Howell AR. Recent Applications of Oxetanes in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Malapit
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Amy R. Howell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| |
Collapse
|