1
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Geniller L, Ben Kraim H, Clot E, Taillefer M, Jaroschik F, Prieto A. Metal-Free Decarboxylative Allylation of Oxime Esters under Light Irradiation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401494. [PMID: 38785147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Allylation reactions, often used as a key step for constructing complex molecules and drug candidates, typically rely on transition-metal (TM) catalysts. Even though TM-free radical allylations have been developed using allyl-stannanes, -sulfides, -silanes or -sulfones, much less procedures have been reported using simple and commercially available allyl halides, that are used for the preparation of the before-mentioned allyl derivatives. Here, we present a straightforward photocatalytic protocol for the decarboxylative allylation of oxime esters using allyl bromide derivatives under metal-free and mild conditions. This methodology yields a diverse variety of functionalized molecules including several pharmaceutically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Geniller
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Hiba Ben Kraim
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Clot
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Taillefer
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Jaroschik
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexis Prieto
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000, Montpellier, France
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2
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Cao Z, Sun W, Zhang J, Zhuo J, Yang S, Song X, Ma Y, Lu P, Han T, Li C. Total syntheses of (-)-macrocalyxoformins A and B and (-)-ludongnin C. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6052. [PMID: 39025872 PMCID: PMC11258297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50374-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The complex and diverse molecular architectures along with broad biological activities of ent-kauranoids natural products make them an excellent testing ground for the invention of synthetic methods and strategies. Recent efforts notwithstanding, synthetic access to the highly oxidized enmein-type ent-kauranoids still presents considerable challenges to synthetic chemists. Here, we report the enantioselective total syntheses of C-19 oxygenated enmein-type ent-kauranoids, including (-)-macrocalyxoformins A and B and (-)-ludongnin C, along with discussion and study of synthetic strategies. The enabling feature in our synthesis is a devised Ni-catalyzed decarboxylative cyclization/radical-polar crossover/C-acylation cascade that forges a THF ring concomitantly with the β-keto ester group. Mechanistic studies reveal that the C-acylation process in this cascade reaction is achieved through a carboxylation followed by an in situ esterification. Biological evaluation of these synthetic natural products reveals the indispensable role of the ketone on the D ring in their anti-tumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfu Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Junming Zhuo
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoqiang Yang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocui Song
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Panrui Lu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Han
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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3
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Pearson JW, Hou TR, Golijanin J, Stewart PI, Choi ES, Gabbey AL, West MS, Rousseaux SAL. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive 1,2-Alkylarylation of Alkenes for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic γ-Lactams. Org Lett 2024; 26:5560-5565. [PMID: 38915176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
An intermolecular nickel-catalyzed reductive 1,2-alkylarylation of acrylates with cyclopropylamine NHP esters and aryl iodides is reported. This operationally simple protocol provides direct access to 1-alkylcyclopropylamine scaffolds. The mild conditions are compatible with four-membered α-amino strained rings as well as five- and six-membered ring systems. The products undergo cyclization to access α-arylated spirocyclic γ-lactams─a motif present in several pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Pearson
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Teh Ren Hou
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jelena Golijanin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Patricia I Stewart
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Eun Seo Choi
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Michael S West
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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4
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Ding H, Shi S, Hou Y, Cui W, Sun R, Lv Y, Yue H, Wei W, Yi D. Visible-Light-Promoted Cascade Coupling of 2-Isocyanonaphthalenes with Elemental Sulfur and Amines to Construct Naphtho[2,1-d]thiazol-2-Amines. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400719. [PMID: 38462510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced strategy has been explored for the synthesis of naphtho[2,1-d]thiazol-2-amines through ortho-C-H sulfuration of 2-isocyanonaphthalenes with elemental sulfur and amines under external photocatalyst-free conditions. This three-component reaction, which utilizes elemental sulfur as the odorless sulfur source, molecular oxygen as the clean oxidant, and visible light as the clean energy source, provides a mild and efficient approach to construct a series of naphtho[2,1-d]thiazol-2-amines. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that visible-light-promoted photoexcitation of reaction intermediates consisting of thioureas and DBU might be involved in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Siyu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Yanan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Wenxiu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Rong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Yufen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, P.R.China
| | - Huilan Yue
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai, 810008, P.R.China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Catalytic Conversion and Clean Energy in Universities of Shandong Province, Department School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, P.R.China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Qinghai, 810008, P.R.China
| | - Dong Yi
- Green Pharmaceutical Technology Key Laboratory of Luzhou City, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P. R. China
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5
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Gan XC, Zhang B, Dao N, Bi C, Pokle M, Kan L, Collins MR, Tyrol CC, Bolduc PN, Nicastri M, Kawamata Y, Baran PS, Shenvi R. Carbon quaternization of redox active esters and olefins by decarboxylative coupling. Science 2024; 384:113-118. [PMID: 38574151 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of quaternary carbons often requires numerous steps and complex conditions or harsh reagents that act on heavily engineered substrates. This is largely a consequence of conventional polar-bond retrosynthetic disconnections that in turn require multiple functional group interconversions, redox manipulations, and protecting group chemistry. Here, we report a simple catalyst and reductant combination that converts two types of feedstock chemicals, carboxylic acids and olefins, into tetrasubstituted carbons through quaternization of radical intermediates. An iron porphyrin catalyst activates each substrate by electron transfer or hydrogen atom transfer, and then combines the fragments using a bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) reaction. This cross-coupling reduces the synthetic burden to procure numerous quaternary carbon---containing products from simple chemical feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Cheng Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benxiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan Dao
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maithili Pokle
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Liyan Kan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Michael R Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yu Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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6
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Phelps J, Kumar R, Robinson JD, Chu JCK, Flodén NJ, Beaton S, Gaunt MJ. Multicomponent Synthesis of α-Branched Amines via a Zinc-Mediated Carbonyl Alkylative Amination Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9045-9062. [PMID: 38488310 PMCID: PMC10996026 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Methods for the synthesis of α-branched alkylamines are important due to their ubiquity in biologically active molecules. Despite the development of many methods for amine preparation, C(sp3)-rich nitrogen-containing compounds continue to pose challenges for synthesis. While carbonyl reductive amination (CRA) between ketones and alkylamines is the cornerstone method for α-branched alkylamine synthesis, it is sometimes limited by the sterically demanding condensation step between dialkyl ketones and amines and the more restricted availability of ketones compared to aldehydes. We recently reported a "higher-order" variant of this transformation, carbonyl alkylative amination (CAA), which utilized a halogen atom transfer (XAT)-mediated radical mechanism, enabling the streamlined synthesis of complex α-branched alkylamines. Despite the efficacy of this visible-light-driven approach, it displayed scalability issues, and competitive reductive amination was a problem for certain substrate classes, limiting applicability. Here, we report a change in the reaction regime that expands the CAA platform through the realization of an extremely broad zinc-mediated CAA reaction. This new strategy enabled elimination of competitive CRA, simplified purification, and improved reaction scope. Furthermore, this new reaction harnessed carboxylic acid derivatives as alkyl donors and facilitated the synthesis of α-trialkyl tertiary amines, which cannot be accessed via CRA. This Zn-mediated CAA reaction can be carried out at a variety of scales, from a 10 μmol setup in microtiter plates enabling high-throughput experimentation, to the gram-scale synthesis of medicinally-relevant compounds. We believe that this transformation enables robust, efficient, and economical access to α-branched alkylamines and provides a viable alternative to the current benchmark methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nils J. Flodén
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Beaton
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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7
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Azpilcueta-Nicolas CR, Lumb JP. Mechanisms for radical reactions initiating from N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:346-378. [PMID: 38410775 PMCID: PMC10896223 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their ease of preparation, stability, and diverse reactivity, N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters have found many applications as radical precursors. Mechanistically, NHPI esters undergo a reductive decarboxylative fragmentation to provide a substrate radical capable of engaging in diverse transformations. Their reduction via single-electron transfer (SET) can occur under thermal, photochemical, or electrochemical conditions and can be influenced by a number of factors, including the nature of the electron donor, the use of Brønsted and Lewis acids, and the possibility of forming charge-transfer complexes. Such versatility creates many opportunities to influence the reaction conditions, providing a number of parameters with which to control reactivity. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the different mechanisms for radical reactions involving NHPI esters, with an emphasis on recent applications in radical additions, cyclizations and decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions. Within these reaction classes, we discuss the utility of the NHPI esters, with an eye towards their continued development in complexity-generating transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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8
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Bonciolini S, Pulcinella A, Leone M, Schiroli D, Ruiz AL, Sorato A, Dubois MAJ, Gopalakrishnan R, Masson G, Della Ca' N, Protti S, Fagnoni M, Zysman-Colman E, Johansson M, Noël T. Metal-free photocatalytic cross-electrophile coupling enables C1 homologation and alkylation of carboxylic acids with aldehydes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1509. [PMID: 38374079 PMCID: PMC10876646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In contemporary drug discovery, enhancing the sp3-hybridized character of molecular structures is paramount, necessitating innovative synthetic methods. Herein, we introduce a deoxygenative cross-electrophile coupling technique that pairs easily accessible carboxylic acid-derived redox-active esters with aldehyde sulfonyl hydrazones, employing Eosin Y as an organophotocatalyst under visible light irradiation. This approach serves as a versatile, metal-free C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling platform. We demonstrate its synthetic value as a safer, broadly applicable C1 homologation of carboxylic acids, offering an alternative to the traditional Arndt-Eistert reaction. Additionally, our method provides direct access to cyclic and acyclic β-arylethylamines using diverse aldehyde-derived sulfonyl hydrazones. Notably, the methodology proves to be compatible with the late-stage functionalization of peptides on solid-phase, streamlining the modification of intricate peptides without the need for exhaustive de-novo synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bonciolini
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Pulcinella
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Leone
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Debora Schiroli
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- SynCat Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Adrián Luguera Ruiz
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Sorato
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryne A J Dubois
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ranganath Gopalakrishnan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Geraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Nicola Della Ca'
- SynCat Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Purdie Building, North Haugh University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Magnus Johansson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098, XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Kiprova N, Desnoyers M, Narobe R, Klufts-Edel A, Chaud J, König B, Compain P, Kern N. Towards a General Access to 1-Azaspirocyclic Systems via Photoinduced, Reductive Decarboxylative Radical Cyclizations. Chemistry 2023:e202303841. [PMID: 38084823 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A convenient and versatile approach to important 1-azaspirocyclic systems relevant to medicinal chemistry and natural products is reported herein. The main strategy relies on a reductive decarboxylative cyclization of redox-active esters which can be rapidly assembled from abundant cyclic azaacids and tailored acceptor sidechains, with a focus on alkyne acceptors enabling the generation of useful exo-alkene moieties. Diastereoconvergent variants were studied and could be achieved either through remote stereocontrol or conformational restriction in bicyclic carbamate substrates. Two sets of metal-free photocatalytic conditions employing inexpensive eosin Y were disclosed and studied experimentally to highlight key mechanistic divergences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kiprova
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace/CNRS, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marine Desnoyers
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace/CNRS, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Rok Narobe
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Germany
| | - Arthur Klufts-Edel
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace/CNRS, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Juliane Chaud
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace/CNRS, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, Germany
| | - Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace/CNRS, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolas Kern
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), UMR 7042, Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute-Alsace/CNRS, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
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10
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Brals J, McGuire TM, Watson AJB. A Chemoselective Polarity-Mismatched Photocatalytic C(sp 3 )-C(sp 2 ) Cross-Coupling Enabled by Synergistic Boron Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310462. [PMID: 37622419 PMCID: PMC10952440 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a C(sp3 )-C(sp2 ) coupling reaction using styrene boronic acids and redox-active esters under photoredox catalysis. The reaction proceeds through an unusual polarity-mismatched radical addition mechanism that is orthogonal to established processes. Synergistic activation of the radical precursor and organoboron are critical mechanistic events. Activation of an N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) ester by coordination to boron enables electron transfer, with decomposition leading to a nucleofuge rebound, activating the organoboron to radical addition. The unique mechanism enables chemoselective coupling of styrene boronic acids in the presence of other alkene radical acceptors. The scope and limitations of the reaction, and a detailed mechanistic investigation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Brals
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsPurdie Building, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
| | - Thomas M. McGuire
- AstraZenecaDarwin Building, Unit 310Cambridge Science Park, Milton RoadCambridgeCB4 0WGUK
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsPurdie Building, North HaughSt AndrewsKY16 9STUK
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11
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Wang CY, Huang YL, Xu WC, Gao Q, Liu P, Bi YX, Liu GK, Wang XS. Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxyarylation with NHP Esters of α-Amino Acid to Chiral Benzylamines. Org Lett 2023; 25:6964-6968. [PMID: 37710364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxyarylation of NHP esters via reductive cross-coupling has been established. Utilizing the NHP of amino acid esters as radical precursors furnishes a new protocol in which structurally diverse chiral benzylamines could be accessible. This method has demonstrated excellent catalytic efficiency, high enantioselective control, mild conditions, and good functional group tolerance, thus enabling the late-stage modification of bioactive molecules and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guo-Kai Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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12
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Liu Y, Sui JL, Yu WQ, Xiong BQ, Tang KW, Zhong LJ. Visible-Light-Promoted Decarboxylative Alkylation/Cyclization of Vinylcycloalkanes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37339016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for visible-light-promoted decarboxylative alkylation of vinylcyclopropanes with alkyl N-(acyloxy)phthalimide esters through the dual C-C bond and single N-O bond cleavage, employing triphenylphosphine and lithium iodide as the photoredox system to synthesize 2-alkylated 3,4-dihydronaphthalenes, has been established. This alkylation/cyclization involves a radical process and undergoes a sequence of N-(acyloxy)phthalimide ester single-electron reduction, N-O bond cleavage, decarboxylative, alkyl radical addition, C-C bond cleavage, and intramolecular cyclization. Moreover, using the photocatalyst Na2-Eosin Y instead of triphenylphosphine and lithium iodide, the vinyl transfer products are acquired when vinylcyclobutanes or vinylcyclopentanes are utilized as alkyl radical receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Jia-Li Sui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Wen-Qin Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Long-Jin Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
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13
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Moczulski M, Deredas D, Kuśmierek E, Albrecht Ł, Albrecht A. Synthesis of cyclopent-1-enecarbonitriles via a tandem Giese/HWE reaction initiated by visible light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:4372-4375. [PMID: 36946322 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06543f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
In the manuscript, a novel method for the preparation of cyclopent-1-enecarbonitriles via tandem Giese/HWE reaction initiated by visible light in the presence of fac-Ir(ppy)3 as a photocatyst has been described. The cascade reactivity combining radical and polar processes has proven applicable for a wide range of N-(acyloxy)phthalimides (which serve as precursors of the corresponding radicals) as well as diethyl (E)-(1-cyano-2-arylvinyl)phosphonates. The key parameters responsible for the success of the described strategy are: visible light, 1 mol% of photoredox catalyst, base, anhydrous solvent and inert atmosphere. The reaction results in new sp3-sp3 and sp2-sp2 carbon-carbon bonds formation under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Moczulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Łódź 90-924, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Deredas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Łódź 90-924, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kuśmierek
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Łódź 90-924, Poland
| | - Łukasz Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Łódź 90-924, Poland.
| | - Anna Albrecht
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Łódź 90-924, Poland
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14
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Hota SK, Panda SP, Das S, Mahapatra SK, Roy L, De Sarkar S, Murarka S. Photoinduced Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex-Mediated Radical Cascade Involving N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides: Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:2543-2549. [PMID: 36749678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We conceptualized a novel disconnection approach for the synthesis of fused tetrahydroquinolines that exploits a visible light-mediated radical (4 + 2) annulation between alkyl N-(acyloxy)phthalimides and N-substituted maleimides in the presence of DIPEA as an additive. The reaction proceeds through the formation of a photoactivated electron donor-acceptor complex between alkyl NHPI esters and DIPEA, and the final tetrahydroquinolines were obtained in a complete regioselective fashion. The methodology features a broad scope and good functional group tolerance and operates under metal- and catalyst-free reaction conditions. Detailed mechanistic investigations including density functional theory studies provide insight into the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Satya Prakash Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Sanju Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Mahapatra
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Rajasthan 342037, India
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15
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Gladkov AA, Levin VV, Dilman AD. Photoredox Promoted Barbier-Type Reaction of Alkyl Iodides with N-Alkyl and N-Aryl Imines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1260-1269. [PMID: 36608025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of organozinc reagents with unactivated imines is accelerated when performed in the presence of a photocatalyst under blue light irradiation. Coordination between Lewis acidic zinc iodide and the imine is a key factor responsible for the reaction efficiency. The method can be carried out using alkyl iodides under Barbier conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Gladkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 119991, Moscow, Leninskie Gory 1-3, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
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16
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Su J, Li C, Hu X, Guo Y, Song Q. Deaminative Arylation and Alkenyaltion of Aliphatic Tertiary Amines with Aryl and Alkenylboronic Acids via Nitrogen Ylides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212740. [PMID: 36314477 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling has significantly advanced C-C bond formation and has been well recognized in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, materials science and other fields. In this rapid development, cross coupling without transition metal catalyst is a big challenge in this field, and using widely existing tertiary amines as electrophiles to directly couple with boronic acids has great hurdles yet significant application prospects. Herein, we report an efficient and general deaminative arylation and alkenylation of tertiary amines (propargyl amines, allyl amines and 1H-indol-3-yl methane amines) with ary and alkenylboronic acids enabled by difluorocarbene under transition-metal-free conditions. Preliminary mechanism experiments suggest that in situ formed difluoromethyl quaternary amine salt, nitrogen ylide and tetracoordinate boron species are the key intermediates, the subsequent 1,2-metallate shift and protodeboronation complete the new coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Su
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Chengbo Li
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Xinyuan Hu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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17
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Photocatalyzed Oxidative Decarboxylation Forming Aminovinylcysteine Containing Peptides. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of (2S,3S)-S-[(Z)-aminovinyl]-3-methyl-D-cysteine (AviMeCys) substructures was developed based on the photocatalyzed-oxidative decarboxylation of lanthionine-bearing peptides. The decarboxylative selenoetherification of the N-hydroxyphthalimide ester, generated in situ, proceeded under mild conditions at −40 °C in the presence of 1 mol% of eosin Y-Na2 as a photocatalyst and the Hantzsch ester. The following β-elimination of the corresponding N,Se-acetal was operated in a one-pot operation, led to AviMeCys substructures found in natural products in moderate to good yields. The sulfide-bridged motif, and also the carbamate-type protecting groups, such as Cbz, Teoc, Boc and Fmoc groups, were tolerant under the reaction conditions.
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18
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Zhou Z, Sales ZS, Pippel DJ, Qian M, Martin CL. Blue Light-Mediated, Photocatalyst-Free Decarboxylative Alkylation of Heteroaryl Sulfinimines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14948-14952. [PMID: 36228170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a diastereoselective, photocatalyst-free decarboxylative alkylation of (hetero)aryl sulfinimines using redox-active esters under blue light. High yields and diastereoselectivities can be achieved under mild conditions, and we demonstrate its utility as a synthetic method, especially for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zachary S Sales
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel J Pippel
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Qian
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Connor L Martin
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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19
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Luguera Ruiz A, La Mantia M, Merli D, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Alkyl Radical Generation via C–C Bond Cleavage in 2-Substituted Oxazolidines. ACS Catal 2022; 12:12469-12476. [PMID: 36249874 PMCID: PMC9552967 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
There is an urgent need to develop uncharged radical
precursors
to be activated under mild photocatalyzed conditions. 2-Substituted-1,3-oxazolidines
(Eox < 1.3 V vs SCE, smoothly prepared
from the corresponding aldehydes) have been herein employed for the
successful release of tertiary, α-oxy, and α-amido radicals
under photo-organo redox catalysis. The reaction relies on the unprecedented
C–C cleavage occurring from the radical cation of these heterocyclic
derivatives. Such a protocol is applied to the visible-light-driven
conjugate radical addition onto Michael acceptors and vinyl (hetero)arenes
under mild metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Luguera Ruiz
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta La Mantia
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Merli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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20
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Liu H, Laporte AG, Tardieu D, Hazelard D, Compain P. Formal Glycosylation of Quinones with exo-Glycals Enabled by Iron-Mediated Oxidative Radical-Polar Crossover. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13178-13194. [PMID: 36095170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intermolecular C-O coupling reaction of 1,4-quinones with exo-glycals under iron hydride hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) conditions is described. This method provides a direct and regioselective access to a wide range of phenolic O-ketosides related to biologically relevant natural products in diastereomeric ratios up to >98:2 in the furanose and pyranose series. No trace of the corresponding C-glycosylated products that might have resulted from the radical alkylation of 1,4-quinones was observed. The results of mechanistic experiments suggest that the key C-O bond-forming event proceeds through an oxidative radical-polar crossover process involving a single-electron transfer between the HAT-generated glycosyl radical and the electron-acceptor quinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Liu
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg
- Univ. de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Adrien G Laporte
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg
- Univ. de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Tardieu
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg
- Univ. de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Hazelard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg
- Univ. de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA), Univ. de Strasbourg
- Univ. de Haute-Alsace
- CNRS (UMR 7042), Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO), ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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21
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Matsuo BT, Oliveira PHR, Pissinati EF, Vega KB, de Jesus IS, Correia JTM, Paixao M. Photoinduced carbamoylation reactions: unlocking new reactivities towards amide synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8322-8339. [PMID: 35843219 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of amide-containing compounds is among the most interesting and challenging topics for the synthetic community. Such relevance is given by their reactive aspects explored in the context of organic synthesis and by the direct application of these compounds as pharmaceuticals and useful materials, and their key roles in biological structures. A simple and straightforward strategy for the amide moiety installation is the use of carbamoyl radicals - this nucleophilic one-electron intermediate is prone to undergo a series of transformations, providing a range of structurally relevant derivatives. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the field from the perspective of photoinduced protocols. To this end, their synthetic applications are organized accordingly to the nature of the radical precursor (formamides through HAT, 4-substituted-1,4-dihydropyridines, oxamic acids, and N-hydroxyphthalimido esters), the mechanistic aspects also being highlighted. The discussion also includes a recent approach proceeding via photolytic C-S cleavage of dithiocarbamate-carbamoyl intermediates. By exploring fundamental concepts, this material aims to offer an understanding of the topic, which will encourage and facilitate the design of new synthetic strategies applying the carbamoyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca T Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil. .,Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Pedro H R Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Emanuele F Pissinati
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Kimberly B Vega
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Iva S de Jesus
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Jose Tiago M Correia
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Paixao
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil.
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22
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Zhang M, Yu M, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang Q. Rapid Access to Aliphatic Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:3932-3937. [PMID: 35616536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a mild, rapid, straightforward method for visible-light-mediated sulfonamide ethylation to afford a diverse array of compounds with C(sp3)-sulfonamide skeletons. The method relies on inexpensive, abundant, commercially available primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl carboxylic acids and alkyl iodides as substrates. The method has a broad substrate scope and potential utility for late-stage functionalization of natural products and synthetic medicines and can be expected to facilitate rapid structural diversification of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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23
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Kang K, Weix DJ. Nickel-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) Cross-Electrophile Coupling of In Situ Generated NHP Esters with Unactivated Alkyl Bromides. Org Lett 2022; 24:2853-2857. [PMID: 35416673 PMCID: PMC9126088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds by cross-coupling remains a challenge in synthesis. Here, we demonstrate a two-step, one-pot protocol for the in situ generation of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters and their nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling with unactivated alkyl bromides for the construction of 1°/1 ° C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds. The conditions tolerate an array of functional groups, and mechanistic studies indicate that both substrates are converted to alkyl radicals during the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel J Weix
- University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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24
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Visible-light-promoted radical alkylation/cyclization of allylic amide with N-hydroxyphthalimide ester: Synthesis of oxazolines. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Duan S, Zi Y, Wang L, Cong J, Chen W, Li M, Zhang H, Yang X, Walsh PJ. α-Branched amines through radical coupling with 2-azaallyl anions, redox active esters and alkenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3740-3747. [PMID: 35432903 PMCID: PMC8966660 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00500j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Branched amines are fundamental building blocks in a variety of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Herein is reported a unique cascade reaction that enables the preparation of α-branched amines bearing aryl or alkyl groups at the β- or γ-positions. The cascade is initiated by reduction of redox active esters to alkyl radicals. The resulting alkyl radicals are trapped by styrene derivatives, leading to benzylic radicals. The persistent 2-azaallyl radicals and benzylic radicals are proposed to undergo a radical-radical coupling leading to functionalized amine products. Evidence is provided that the role of the nickel catalyst is to promote formation of the alkyl radical from the redox active ester and not promote the C-C bond formation. The synthetic method introduced herein tolerates a variety of imines and redox active esters, allowing for efficient construction of amine building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Yujin Zi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Jielun Cong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Minyan Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Province Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories Penn/Merck Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia PA USA
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26
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Frech S, Molle E, Hub C, Theato P. Decarboxylation of Poly[N-(acryloyloxy)phthalimide] as a Versatile Tool for Post-Polymerization Modification. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200068. [PMID: 35320602 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report on the decarboxylation of poly[N-(acryloyloxy)phthalimide] (PAP) for the synthesis of functionalized polymers. PAP homopolymer and block copolymers are used as precursor polymers for the straightforward functionalization via decarboxylation and subsequent Michael-type addition or nitroxide radical coupling (NRC). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frech
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Edgar Molle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hub
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
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27
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Lu XY, Gao A, Ge MY, Xia ZJ, Liu QL, Tao TH, Sun XM. Stereoconvergent Synthesis of Monofluoroalkenes via Photoinduced Dual Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling of α-Fluoroacrylic Acids with Redox-Active Esters. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4654-4669. [PMID: 35313107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a new strategy for the synthesis of monofluoroalkenes via employing α-fluoroacrylic acids and N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) redox-active esters as coupling partners has been developed. This decarboxylative reaction enabled the formation of C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds to provide a practical and efficient approach for the construction of a variety of monofluoroalkenes, which are key structural motifs in organic chemistry, under mild reaction conditions. The protocol exhibited excellent functional group compatibility and delivered monofluoroalkene products with excellent Z-stereoselectivity. This work also provides a platform for the modification of complex biologically active molecules containing carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Lu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ang Gao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Ge
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Ze-Jie Xia
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Qi-Le Liu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Ting-Hua Tao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Sun
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou 239000, China
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28
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Catalyst-controlled functionalization of carboxylic acids by electrooxidation of self-assembled carboxyl monolayers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1319. [PMID: 35288543 PMCID: PMC8921278 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28992-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While the electrooxidative activation of carboxylic acids is an attractive synthetic methodology, the resulting transformations are generally limited to either homocoupling or further oxidation followed by solvent capture. These reactions require extensive electrolysis at high potentials, which ultimately renders the methodology incompatible with metal catalysts that could possibly provide new and complementary product distributions. This work establishes a proof-of-concept for a rare and synthetically-underutilized strategy for selective electrooxidation of carboxylic acids in the presence of oxidatively-sensitive catalysts that control reaction selectivity. We leverage the formation of self-adsorbed monolayers of carboxylate substrates at the anode to promote selective oxidation of the adsorbed carboxylate over a more easily-oxidized catalyst. Consequently, reactions operate at lower potentials, greater faradaic efficiencies, and improved catalyst compatibility over conventional approaches, which enables reactions to be performed with inexpensive Fe complexes that catalyze selective radical additions to olefins. This work leverages substrate self-assembly at an electrode to promote selective substrate electrooxidation in the presence of oxidatively sensitive catalysts. This strategy is applied to decarboxylative coupling of carboxylic acids with olefins.
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29
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Cai X, Liu Y, Ding S, Fu J, Li J, Cheng D, Xu X. Visible Light-Induced Radical Cascade Reaction of Acryloylbenzamides with N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Liu F, Zhuang Z, Qian Q, Zhang X, Yang C. Ru-Catalyzed Defluorinative Alkylation or Catalyst-Free Hydroalkylation of gem-Difluoroalkenes Enabled by Visible Light. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2730-2739. [PMID: 35133834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A catalyst-induced defluorinative, alkylation or metal-free hydroalkylation of gem-difluoroalkenes enabled by visible light was developed. This protocol provided a mild and practical approach to important and novel monofluoroalkenes and difluoromethylene-containing compounds with moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qun Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shang Da Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chunhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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31
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Tay NES, Lehnherr D, Rovis T. Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2487-2649. [PMID: 34751568 PMCID: PMC10021920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) that enable bond formations not constrained by the rules of ionic or 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they enable 1e mechanisms capable of bypassing electronic or steric limitations and protecting group requirements, thus enabling synthetic chemists to disconnect molecules in new and different ways. However, while providing access to similar intermediates, electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis differ in several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key to designing new transformations and forging new bond disconnections. This review aims to highlight these differences and similarities between electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis by comparing their underlying physical chemistry principles and describing their impact on electrochemical and photochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E S Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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32
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Wang P. Site‐Selective Itaconation of Complex Peptides by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - QingQing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
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33
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Wang P. Site-Selective Itaconation of Complex Peptides by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111388. [PMID: 34845804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective peptide functionalization provides a straightforward and cost-effective access to diversify peptides for biological studies. Among many existing non-invasive peptide conjugations methodologies, photoredox catalysis has emerged as one of the powerful approaches for site-specific manipulation on native peptides. Herein, we report a highly N-termini-specific method to rapidly access itaconated peptides and their derivatives through a combination of transamination and photoredox conditions. This strategy exploits the facile reactivity of peptidyl-dihydropyridine in the complex peptide settings, complementing existing approaches for bioconjugations with excellent selectivity under mild conditions. Distinct from conventional methods, this method utilizes the highly reactive carbamoyl radical derived from a peptidyl-dihydropyridine. In addition, this itaconated peptide can be further functionalized as a Michael acceptor to access the corresponding peptide-protein conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - QingQing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
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34
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Gu Y, Yin H, Wakeling M, An J, Martin R. Defunctionalization of sp3 C–Heteroatom and sp3 C–C Bonds Enabled by Photoexcited Triplet Ketone Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Gu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hongfei Yin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Matthew Wakeling
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Juzeng An
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Xie H, Wang S, Wang Y, Guo P, Shu XZ. Ti-Catalyzed Reductive Dehydroxylative Vinylation of Tertiary Alcohols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Ouyang YN, Yue X, Peng J, Zhu J, Shen Q, Li W. Organic-acid catalysed Minisci-type arylation of heterocycles with aryl acyl peroxides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6619-6629. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01187e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free method for the Minisci-type arylation of heterocycles with aryl acyl peroxides has been reported. This strategy enables the rapid and simple synthesis of a series of Minisci-type adducts...
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37
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Zhang H, Liang M, Zhang X, He MK, Yang C, Guo L, Xia W. Electrochemical synthesis of functionalized gem-difluoroalkenes with diverse alkyl sources via a defluorinative alkylation process. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical defluorinative alkylation of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes is described. This reaction enables the preparation of functionalized gem-difluoroalkenes with diverse alkyl sources including organohalides, NHP esters, and Katritzky salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengze Liang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Meng-Ke He
- Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lin Guo
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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38
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Chen X, Luo X, Wang P. Electrochemical-induced Radical Allylation via the Fragmentation of Alkyl 1,4-Dihydropyridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Zhang Z, Cernak T. The Formal Cross‐Coupling of Amines and Carboxylic Acids to Form sp
3
–sp
3
Carbon–Carbon Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Michigan 930 N University Ave Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Tim Cernak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry College of Pharmacy University of Michigan 930 N University Ave Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
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40
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Bai L, Ma Y, Jiang X. Total Synthesis of (-)-Calycanthine via Iron-Catalyzed Stereoselective Oxidative Dimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20609-20615. [PMID: 34871491 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dimeric cyclotryptamine alkaloids typically feature vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters and four nitrogen atoms. In comparison with the actual biosynthetic tryptophan derivatives, we designed the 2N-featured monomer 7, aiming to construct vicinal all-carbon quaternary stereocenters via a one-step dimerization process to access the 4N-featured isomeric members of this family. In this work, we disclose the first synthetic route to access the skeleton of (-)-isocalycanthine, featuring an iron-catalyzed oxidative dimerization reaction in a catalytic single-step operation with an overwhelming control of the absolute and relative stereochemistry. This strategy has been successfully applied to the total synthesis of (-)-calycanthine and 16 isocalycanthine derivatives, which demonstrates a new synthetic pathway for dimeric cyclotryptamine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinhao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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41
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Deng X, Guo J, Zhang X, Wang X, Su W. Activation of Aryl Carboxylic Acids by Diboron Reagents towards Nickel‐Catalyzed Direct Decarbonylative Borylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Yangqiao West Road 155 Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Guo
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base Shenzhen Polytechnic 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Yangqiao West Road 155 Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base Shenzhen Polytechnic 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Denver Campus Box 194, P. O. Box 173364 Denver CO 80217-3364 USA
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Yangqiao West Road 155 Fuzhou 350002 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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42
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Elkhalifa M, Elbaum MB, Chenoweth DM, Molander GA. Solid-Phase Photochemical Decarboxylative Hydroalkylation of Peptides. Org Lett 2021; 23:8219-8223. [PMID: 34648297 PMCID: PMC8919077 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The compatibility of photochemistry with solid-phase peptide synthesis is demonstrated via photochemical hydroalkylation to form C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds between on-resin Giese acceptors and redox-active esters. Both iridium-based photocatalysts and Hantszch ester led to high yields, with final reaction conditions producing full conversions within 30 min under ambient conditions. The chemistry is compatible with a broad range of peptide side chains, redox-active esters, and resin. These conditions represent the first example of photochemical peptide modifications on resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Elkhalifa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Michael B Elbaum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - David M Chenoweth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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43
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Zhang Z, Cernak T. The Formal Cross-Coupling of Amines and Carboxylic Acids to Form sp 3 -sp 3 Carbon-Carbon Bonds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27293-27298. [PMID: 34669980 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a deaminative-decarboxylative protocol to form new carbon(sp3 )-carbon(sp3 ) bonds from activated amines and carboxylic acids. Amines and carboxylic acids are ubiquitous building blocks, available in broad chemical diversity and at lower cost than typical C-C coupling partners. To leverage amines and acids for C-C coupling, we developed a reductive nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling utilizing building block activation as pyridinium salts and redox-active esters, respectively. Miniaturized high-throughput experimentation studies were critical to our reaction optimization, with subtle experimental changes such as order of reagent addition, composition of a binary solvent system, and ligand identity having a significant impact on reaction performance. The developed protocol is used in the late-stage diversification of pharmaceuticals while more than one thousand systematically captured and machine-readable reaction datapoints are reposited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tim Cernak
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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44
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Zhu X, Fu H. Photocatalytic cross-couplings via the cleavage of N-O bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9656-9671. [PMID: 34472551 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
N-(Acyloxy)phthalimide and oxime derivatives containing N-O bonds are important chemicals and synthetic intermediates, and visible light photoredox reductions of the N-O bonds provide carbon- or nitrogen-centered radicals for N-(acyloxy)phthalimide derivatives and iminyl radicals for oxime derivatives. This feature article summarises the recent progress in the visible light photoredox organic reactions, including decarboxylative addition reactions, alkylation, allylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, arylation, heteroarylation and cascade annulation of N-(acyloxy)phthalimide derivatives through the formation of carbon-carbon bonds, decarboxylative borylation, amination, oxygenation, sulfuration, selenylation, fluorination and iodination of N-(acyloxy)phthalimide derivatives through the formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds, and additions to arenes and alkenes, hydrogen atom transfer and the cleavage of α-carbon-carbon bonds via the iminyl radical intermediates for oxime derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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45
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Boldt AM, Dickinson SI, Ramirez JR, Benz-Weeden AM, Wilson DS, Stevenson SM. Reactions of benzyltriphenylphosphonium salts under photoredox catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:7810-7815. [PMID: 34549228 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01570b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of benzyltriphenylphosphonium salts as alkyl radical precursors using photoredox catalysis is described. Depending on substituents, the benzylic radicals may couple to form C-C bonds or abstract a hydrogen atom to form C-H bonds. A natural product, brittonin A, was also synthesized using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Boldt
- Department of Chemistry, Carthage College, Kenosha, WI 53140, USA.
| | | | | | | | - David S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Carthage College, Kenosha, WI 53140, USA.
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46
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Behnke NE, Sales ZS, Li M, Herrmann AT. Dual Photoredox/Nickel-Promoted Alkylation of Heteroaryl Halides with Redox-Active Esters. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12945-12955. [PMID: 34464532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein a method for the radical alkylation of heteroaryl halides that relies upon the combination of photoredox and nickel catalysis is described. The use of aliphatic N-(acyloxy)phthalimides as redox-active esters affords primary and secondary radicals for the decarboxylative dual cross-coupling with pyrimidine and pyridine heteroaryl chlorides, bromides, and iodides. The method provides an additional synthetic tool for the incorporation of medicinally relevant heterocyclic motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Erin Behnke
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, BioScience Research Collaborative, 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zachary S Sales
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Minyan Li
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Aaron T Herrmann
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development L.L.C., 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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47
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Zhao B, Hammond GB, Xu B. Aromatic Ketone-Catalyzed Photochemical Synthesis of Imidazo-isoquinolinone Derivatives. J Org Chem 2021; 86:12851-12861. [PMID: 34436893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an efficient photocatalytic decarboxylative radical addition/cyclization strategy to synthesize imidazo-isoquinolinone derivatives using inexpensive aromatic ketone photocatalysts. This method not only tolerates a wide range of functional groups but also works well for both alkyl and aryl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gerald B Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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48
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Cheng HL, Xie XH, Chen JZ, Wang Z, Chen JP. An in situ masking strategy enables radical monodecarboxylative C-C bond coupling of malonic acid derivatives. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11786-11792. [PMID: 34659716 PMCID: PMC8442682 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of malonic acids in radical decarboxylative functionalization is still underexploited, and the few existing examples are primarily limited to bisdecarboxylative functionalization. While radical monodecarboxylative functionalization is highly desirable, it is challenging because of the difficulty in suppressing the second radical decarboxylation step. Herein, we report the successful radical monodecarboxylative C–C bond coupling of malonic acids with ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents enabled by an in situ masking strategy, affording synthetically useful 2(3H)-furanones in satisfactory yields. The keys to the success of this transformation include (1) the dual role of a silver catalyst as a single-electron transfer catalyst to drive the radical decarboxylative alkynylation and as a Lewis acid catalyst to promote the 5-endo-dig cyclization and (2) the dual function of the alkynyl reagent as a radical trapper and as an in situ masking group. Notably, the latent carboxylate group in the furanones could be readily released, which could serve as a versatile synthetic handle for further elaborations. Thus, both carboxylic acid groups in malonic acid derivatives have been well utilized for the rapid construction of molecular complexity. An in situ masking strategy has been developed based upon the unique properties of silver catalysts to successfully achieve a radical monodecarboxylative C–C bond coupling of malonic acids with ethynylbenziodoxolone reagents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Li Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xian-Hui Xie
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Jia-Zheng Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
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49
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Guo Y, Luo Y, Mu S, Xu J, Song Q. Photoinduced Decarboxylative Phosphorothiolation of N-Hydroxyphthalimide Esters. Org Lett 2021; 23:6729-6734. [PMID: 34410131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced protocol for the synthesis of phosphorothioates is developed by employing the Ir-catalyzed decarboxylative phosphorothiolation of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. This novel synthesis method utilizes carboxylic acids as raw material, which is stable, cheap, and commercially available. Scope studies show that this reaction has good compatibility of functional groups. Notably, both the synthesis of steric hindrance phosphorothioates and the later modification of some bioactive compounds are successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Shiqiang Mu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Material Sciences Engineering at Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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50
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Sayre H, Ripberger HH, Odella E, Zieleniewska A, Heredia DA, Rumbles G, Scholes GD, Moore TA, Moore AL, Knowles RR. PCET-Based Ligand Limits Charge Recombination with an Ir(III) Photoredox Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13034-13043. [PMID: 34378919 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Upon photoinitiated electron transfer, charge recombination limits the quantum yield of photoredox reactions for which the rates for the forward reaction and back electron transfer are competitive. Taking inspiration from a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process in Photosystem II, a benzimidazole-phenol (BIP) has been covalently attached to the 2,2'-bipyridyl ligand of [Ir(dF(CF3)ppy)2(bpy)][PF6] (dF(CF3)ppy = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl). Excitation of the [Ir(dF(CF3)ppy)2(BIP-bpy)][PF6] photocatalyst results in intramolecular PCET to form a charge-separated state with oxidized BIP. Subsequent reduction of methyl viologen dication (MV2+), a substrate surrogate, by the reducing moiety of the charge separated species demonstrates that the inclusion of BIP significantly slows the charge recombination rate. The effect of ∼24-fold slower charge recombination in a photocatalytic phthalimide ester reduction resulted in a greater than 2-fold increase in reaction quantum efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Sayre
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hunter H Ripberger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Anna Zieleniewska
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Daniel A Heredia
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Garry Rumbles
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Robert R Knowles
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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