1
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Wang S, Peng S, Zhao H, Liang Z, Lu X, Du Q, Wang Y, Wei B, Huang Q, Tan H. Regioselectivity Switch of α-Amino Acid-Derived Esters and MBH Carbonates for the Synthesis of Allyl-Substituted Azlactones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3800-3808. [PMID: 38417106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Allylic azlactones are greatly significant in terms of potential bioactivities and synthetic applications. Owing to the burgeoning interest of the pharmaceutical industry in α-amino acid derivatives, discovering strategies for the synthesis of allylic azlactones is important. Herein, we establish a transition-metal-free regioselectivity switch of α-amino acid-derived esters and MBH carbonates, which exhibits broad reaction scope and good reaction yields. Control reactions indicate that both base and solvent are important for regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Laboratory of Optic-electric Chemo/Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Shijie Peng
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Laboratory of Optic-electric Chemo/Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Huishan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Laboratory of Optic-electric Chemo/Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Zhuobao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Laboratory of Optic-electric Chemo/Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Xiuxiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Qing Du
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Laboratory of Optic-electric Chemo/Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Laboratory of Optic-electric Chemo/Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Bingzhen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Laboratory of Optic-electric Chemo/Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Laboratory of Optic-electric Chemo/Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Haibo Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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2
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Waser M, Winter M, Mairhofer C. (Thio)urea containing chiral ammonium salt catalysts. CHEM REC 2022:e202200198. [PMID: 36175162 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
(Thio)-urea-containing bifunctional quaternary ammonium salts emerged as powerful non-covalently interacting organocatalysts over the course of the last decade. The most commonly employed catalysts in this field are either based on Cinchona alkaloids, α-amino acids, or trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine. Our group has been heavily engaged in the design and use of such catalysts, i. e. trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-based ones for around 10 years now, and it is therefore the intention of this short personal account to provide an overview of the, at least in our opinion, most significant and pioneering achievements in this field by looking on catalyst design and asymmetric method development, with a special focus on our own contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Michael Winter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Christopher Mairhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
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3
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Jain A, Rana NK. Review on Asymmetric Catalysis Employing 5
H‐
Oxazol‐4‐Ones as α‐Hydroxy Carboxylic Acid Surrogates. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Jain
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Jodhpur Rajasthan 342037 India
| | - Nirmal K. Rana
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur Jodhpur Rajasthan 342037 India
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4
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Bencivenni G, Salazar Illera D, Moccia M, Houk KN, Izzo JA, Novacek J, Grieco P, Vetticatt MJ, Waser M, Adamo MFA. Study of Ground State Interactions of Enantiopure Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Amides, Nitroalkanes, Nitroalkenes, Esters, Heterocycles, Ketones and Fluoroamides. Chemistry 2021; 27:11352-11366. [PMID: 33963788 PMCID: PMC8453964 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral phase-transfer catalysis provides high level of enantiocontrol, however no experimental data showed the interaction of catalysts and substrates. 1 H NMR titration was carried out on Cinchona and Maruoka ammonium bromides vs. nitro, carbonyl, heterocycles, and N-F containing compounds. It was found that neutral organic species and quaternary ammonium salts interacted via an ensemble of catalyst + N-C-H and (sp2 )C-H, specific for each substrate studied. The correspondent BArF salts interacted with carbonyls via a diverse set of + N-C-H and (sp2 )C-H compared to bromides. This data suggests that BArF ammonium salts may display a different enantioselectivity profile. Although not providing quantitative data for the affinity constants, the data reported proofs that chiral ammonium salts coordinate with substrates, prior to transition state, through specific C-H positions in their structures, providing a new rational to rationalize the origin of enantioselectivity in their catalyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Bencivenni
- Department of ChemistryRCSIUniversity of Medicine and Health Science123 St Stephen's GreenDublin 2, DublinRepublic of Ireland
| | - Diana Salazar Illera
- Department of ChemistryRCSIUniversity of Medicine and Health Science123 St Stephen's GreenDublin 2, DublinRepublic of Ireland
| | - Maria Moccia
- CNR-ICCInstitute of CrystallographyVia G. Amendola 122/O70126BariItaly
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095-1569USA
| | - Joseph A. Izzo
- Department of ChemistryState University of NY BinghamtonBinghamton, NYUSA
| | - Johanna Novacek
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Naples Federico IICorso Umberto I, 4080138Napoli, NAItaly
| | | | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Mauro F. A. Adamo
- Department of ChemistryRCSIUniversity of Medicine and Health Science123 St Stephen's GreenDublin 2, DublinRepublic of Ireland
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5
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Du Z, Yuan M, Tao B, Qin W, Liang X, Li Y, Lin H, Zhang L, Da C. Organocatalyzed Highly Enantioselective Aldol Reaction of Aldehydes for Synthesis of (
R
)‐Pantolactone. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Hong Du
- School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Meng Yuan
- School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Bao‐Xiu Tao
- School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Juan Qin
- School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xiang‐Ming Liang
- School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Yan Li
- School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Hang Lin
- Hangzhou Xinfu Science & Technology Limited Corporation Hangzhou 311305 P. R. China
| | - Lian‐Chun Zhang
- Hangzhou Xinfu Science & Technology Limited Corporation Hangzhou 311305 P. R. China
| | - Chao‐Shan Da
- School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Key Lab of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
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6
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A flexible strategy for the synthesis of bifunctional 6′-(thio)-urea containing Cinchona alkaloid ammonium salts. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Lv X, Xu H, Yin Y, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Visible
Light‐Driven
Cooperative
DPZ
and Chiral
Hydrogen‐Bonding
Catalysis. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lv
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Hehuan Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Yanli Yin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University, Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 China
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8
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Wang Z, Huang A, Fang F, Li P, Liu G, Li W. Non-hydrogen bond catalyst-mediated diastereoselective conjugate additions of 5H-oxazol-4-ones to o-hydroxyphenyl-substituted p-quinone methides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6807-6811. [PMID: 32857073 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01558j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient DBU-catalyzed conjugate addition of 5H-oxazol-4-ones to o-hydroxyphenyl-substituted p-quinone methides has been developed, affording the valuable diarylmethanes in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivity. This strategy demonstrates a robust access to a wide range of diarylmethane derivatives possessing biologically significant o-hydroxyphenol and p-hydroxyphenol moieties under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.
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9
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A novel quaternary ammonium salts derived from α-amino acids with large steric hindrance group and its application in asymmetric Mannich reaction. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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He TJ, Zhong WQ, Huang JM. The synthesis of sulfonated 4H-3,1-benzoxazines via an electro-chemical radical cascade cyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2735-2738. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09551a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We achieved sulfonated 4H-3,1-benzoxazines under ambient conditions without any metals and external chemical oxidants via electrochemical radical cascade cyclizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wei-Qiang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
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11
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Luan Y, Huang A, Cheng Y, Liu X, Li P, Li W. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Michael Addition of Oxazolones to 2‐Enoylpyridine
N
‐Oxides for Assembling of Pyridine
N
‐Oxides Featuring Vicinal Oxygen‐Containing Tetrasubstituted Stereocenters. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Luan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyQingdao University, Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyQingdao University, Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-OmicsSouthern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyQingdao University, Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Archaea Geo-OmicsSouthern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyQingdao University, Qingdao Shandong 266021 People's Republic of China
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12
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Majdecki M, Niedbala P, Jurczak J. Amide-Based Cinchona Alkaloids as Phase-Transfer Catalysts: Synthesis and Potential Application. Org Lett 2019; 21:8085-8090. [PMID: 31525989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a library of simple amide derivatives of Cinchona alkaloids in the form of quaternary ammonium salts. The obtained derivatives can be generated very easily and efficiently from inexpensive and commercially available substrates. We tested this class of alkaloids in the alkylation of glycine derivative, carried out under phase-transfer catalyst conditions. The presented hybrid catalysts offer both high reaction yields (up to 97%) and high enantioselectivities of the obtained product (up to 94% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Majdecki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Patryk Niedbala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Janusz Jurczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
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13
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A new type of L-Tertiary leucine-derived ligand: Synthesis and application in Cu(II)-catalyzed asymmetric Henry reactions. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Lu B, Xin S, Zhu B, Chang J. Enantioselective Conjugate Addition‐Protonation of 5
H
‐Oxazol‐4‐ones and 5‐Methylene 1,3‐Oxazolidine‐2,4‐diones: 2,2'‐Biphenol‐Induced Diastereoselectivity Switch. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohua Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Shuang Xin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHenan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
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15
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Zhu B, Lu B, Zhang H, Xu X, Jiang Z, Chang J. Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed, Enantioselective Vinylogous Conjugate Addition–Cyclization of Olefinic Azlactones To Access Multifunctionalized Chiral Cyclohexenones. Org Lett 2019; 21:3271-3275. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Bohua Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Xinyao Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P.R. China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P.R. China
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16
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Chiral Phase-Transfer Catalysts with Hydrogen Bond: A Powerful Tool in the Asymmetric Synthesis. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis has been widely applied into organic synthesis for efficiently creating chiral functional molecules. In the past decades, chiral phase-transfer catalysts with proton donating groups are emerging as an extremely significant strategy in the design of novel catalysts, and a large number of enantioselective reactions have been developed. In particular, the proton donating groups including phenol, amide, and (thio)-urea exhibited unique properties for cooperating with the phase-transfer catalysts, and great advances on this field have been made in the past few years. This review summarizes the seminal works on the design, synthesis, and applications of chiral phase-transfer catalysts with strong hydrogen bonding interactions.
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17
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Xu H, Sha F, Wu XY. Highly enantioselective allylic alkylation of 5 H -oxazol-4-ones with Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Misaki T, Tatsumi T, Okamoto T, Hayashi Y, Jin N, Sugimura T. Stereoconvergent 1,4-Addition Reaction of 5H-Oxazol-4-ones with E,Z Isomeric Mixture of Alkylidene β-Ketoesters Catalyzed by Chiral Guanidines. Chemistry 2018; 24:9778-9782. [PMID: 29741785 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A 1,4-addition reaction of 5H-oxazol-4-ones to alkylidene β-ketoesters, which was catalyzed by using chiral guanidines via a dynamic kinetic resolution process that involved geometric isomerization of the alkylidene β-ketoesters, was developed. This method allowed using E,Z isomeric mixture of various acyclic alkylidene β-ketoesters to obtain the products stereoselectively. The relation between the geometry and the stereoselectivity of products was investigated, and the derivatization of the products to the corresponding α-acyl-γ-lactone was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Misaki
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tatsumi
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Tatsumasa Okamoto
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hayashi
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Nari Jin
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Takashi Sugimura
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kohto, Kamigori, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
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19
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Zhu J, Cui D, Li Y, He J, Chen W, Wang P. Enantioselective amination of nitroolefins under base-free and water-rich conditions using chiral bifunctional phase-transfer catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3012-3017. [PMID: 29633771 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00583d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective amination of nitroolefins was realized with l-tert-leucine derived squaramide-scaffold bifunctional phase-transfer catalysts under base-free and water-rich conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Dongxiao Cui
- Department of Authentication of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- College of Pharmacy
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine
- Xiyang
- P. R. China
| | - Yuedan Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Jingxu He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Weiping Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Pingan Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
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20
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Misaki T, Sugimura T. Chiral Guanidines-catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition Reactions Using 5<i>H</i>-Oxazol-4-ones: Development of Catalytic Asymmetric Syntheses of Chiral α-Tetrasubstituted Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Derivatives. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Li J, Qiu S, Ye X, Zhu B, Liu H, Jiang Z. Dipeptide-Based Chiral Tertiary Amine-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition Reactions of 5H-Thiazol/Oxazol-4-Ones. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11916-11923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Li
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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22
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Zhu B, Qiu S, Li J, Coote ML, Lee R, Jiang Z. Asymmetric [4 + 2] annulation of 5 H-thiazol-4-ones with a chiral dipeptide-based Brønsted base catalyst. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6060-6067. [PMID: 30034746 PMCID: PMC6022207 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Versatile synthetic strategies that access diverse chemical substrates in a highly chemo- and stereo-selective manner are crucial but demanding. Construction of chiral molecules with multiple (hetero)-quaternary carbon stereocenters in a single fashion is a particularly significant challenge, with important applications in the synthesis of a range of bioactive compounds containing the 1,4-sulfur bridged piperidinone structural motif. The asymmetric synthesis of these entities is complicated due to the need to build at least two hetero-quaternary stereocenters concurrently. In order to achieve this, we have developed a new family of dipeptide-based multifunctional Brønsted base organocatalysts that are highly capable of the first asymmetric [4 + 2] annulation reaction of 5H-thiazol-4-ones with electron-deficient alkenes. This protocol could be applied to a series of alkenes such as nitroalkenes, 4-oxo-4-arylbutenones, 4-oxo-4-arylbutenoates and methyleneindolinones, providing an efficient approach to valuable chiral 1,4-sulfur bridged piperidinones and their derivatives with multiple hetereo-quaternary stereogenic centers in high yields and enantioselectivities. Density functional theory studies involving 5H-thiazol-4-one and nitroolefin catalysis propose stereochemical insights into the origin of enantio- and chemo-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province , Henan University , Kaifeng , Henan , People's Republic of China .
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province , Henan University , Kaifeng , Henan , People's Republic of China .
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province , Henan University , Kaifeng , Henan , People's Republic of China .
| | - Michelle L Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science , Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia .
| | - Richmond Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science , Research School of Chemistry , Australian National University , Canberra ACT 2601 , Australia .
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province , Henan University , Kaifeng , Henan , People's Republic of China .
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23
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Qiu S, Lee R, Zhu B, Coote ML, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Highly Enantio- and Diastereoselective [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of 5H-oxazol-4-ones with N-Maleimides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8061-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Qiu
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China, 475004
| | - Richmond Lee
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School
of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China, 475004
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC
Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School
of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China, 475004
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China, 475004
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24
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Mielgo A, Palomo C. 1H-Imidazol-4(5H)-ones and thiazol-4(5H)-ones as emerging pronucleophiles in asymmetric catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:918-36. [PMID: 27340482 PMCID: PMC4902076 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis represents a very powerful tool for the synthesis of enantiopure compounds. In this context the main focus has been directed not only to the search for new efficient chiral catalysts, but also to the development of efficient pronucleophiles. This review highlights the utility and first examples of 1H-imidazol-4(5H)-ones and thiazol-4(5H)-ones as pronucleophiles in catalytic asymmetric reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Mielgo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Claudio Palomo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Spain
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25
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Albanese DCM, Foschi F, Penso M. Sustainable Oxidations under Phase-Transfer Catalysis Conditions. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico C. M. Albanese
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi
19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Foschi
- Institute of Molecular
Science and Technologies (ISTM-CNR), via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Penso
- Institute of Molecular
Science and Technologies (ISTM-CNR), via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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26
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Kaneko S, Kumatabara Y, Shirakawa S. A new generation of chiral phase-transfer catalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5367-76. [PMID: 26754659 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phase-transfer catalysis has long been recognized as a versatile method for organic synthesis. In particular, over more than the past three decades, asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis based on the use of structurally well-defined chiral catalysts has become a topic of great scientific interest. Although various effective chiral catalysts have already been reported and these catalysts were utilized for practical asymmetric transformations, further design and development of new chiral phase-transfer catalysts are still attractive research subjects in organic chemistry due to the high utility and practicability of phase-transfer-catalyzed reactions. This review focuses on the recent examples of newly designed effective chiral phase-transfer catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Kaneko
- Department of Environmental Science, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan.
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27
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Zhu G, Yang J, Bao G, Zhang M, Li J, Li Y, Sun W, Hong L, Wang R. Catalyst-controlled switch of regioselectivity in the asymmetric allylic alkylation of oxazolones with MBHCs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7882-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03246j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-controlled switch of regioselectivity in asymmetric allylic alkylation of oxazolones with MBHCs was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongming Zhu
- School of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Junxian Yang
- School of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Guangjun Bao
- School of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Yiping Li
- School of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Wangsheng Sun
- School of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
| | - Liang Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
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28
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Jiao L, Zhao X, Liu H, Ye X, Li Y, Jiang Z. Organocatalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of diaryloxazolidin-2,4-diones to nitroolefins: an efficient approach to chiral α-aryl-α-hydroxy carboxylic acids. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00428d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric conjugate addition of diaryloxazolidin-2,4-diones to nitroolefins using an l-threonine-based tertiary amine-urea catalyst has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore
| | - Yun Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province
- Henan University
- Kaifeng
- People's Republic of China
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29
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Zhu B, Lee R, Li J, Ye X, Hong SN, Qiu S, Coote ML, Jiang Z. Chemoselective Switch in the Asymmetric Organocatalysis of 5H-Oxazol-4-ones andN-Itaconimides: Addition-Protonation or [4+2] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1299-303. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
| | - Richmond Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - San-Ni Hong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
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30
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Zhu B, Lee R, Li J, Ye X, Hong SN, Qiu S, Coote ML, Jiang Z. Chemoselective Switch in the Asymmetric Organocatalysis of 5H-Oxazol-4-ones andN-Itaconimides: Addition-Protonation or [4+2] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
| | - Richmond Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Jiangtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Nanyang Technological University; 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore Singapore
| | - San-Ni Hong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry; Australian National University; Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
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31
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Bai X, Jing Z, Liu Q, Ye X, Zhang G, Zhao X, Jiang Z. l-Amino Acid Based Urea–Tertiary Amine-Catalyzed Chemoselective and Asymmetric Stereoablative Carboxylation of 3-Bromooxindoles with Malonic Acid Half Thioesters. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12686-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China, 475004
| | - Zhenzhong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China, 475004
| | - Qian Liu
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Gao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China, 475004
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China, 475004
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China, 475004
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
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