1
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Synthesis of diverse 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-azepine derivatives via sequential Knoevenagel reaction and Michael addition of tertiary enamide. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Iioka R, Yorozu K, Sakai Y, Kawai R, Hatae N, Takashima K, Tanabe G, Wasada H, Yoshimatsu M. Synthesis of Azepino[1,2‐
a
]indole‐10‐amines via [6+1] Annulation of Ynenitriles with Reformatsky Reagent. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Iioka
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Kohei Yorozu
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Yoko Sakai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Rika Kawai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hatae
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Yokohama University of Pharmacy 601 Matano, Totsuka-ku 245-0066 Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Katsuki Takashima
- Faculty of Pharmacy Kinki University 3-4-1 Kowakae 577-8502 Higashi-osaka Osaka Japan
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy Kinki University 3-4-1 Kowakae 577-8502 Higashi-osaka Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wasada
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Regional Study Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshimatsu
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Education Gifu University Yanagido 1–1 501-1193 Gifu Japan
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3
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Mandal S, Banerjee J, Maity S, Chattopadhyay SK. Sequential Two‐Fold
Claisen
Rearrangement, One‐Pot Ring‐Closing Metathesis and Cross‐Metathesis as a Route to Substituted Benzo[
b
]azepine‐2‐one, Benzo[
b
]azepine and Benzo[
b
]oxepine Derivatives. Helv Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyamasankar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 West Bengal India
| | - Jeet Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 West Bengal India
| | - Sougata Maity
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 West Bengal India
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4
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Li QZ, Jia ZQ, Chen L, Zhang X, Leng HJ, Zeng R, Liu YQ, Zou WL, Li JL. Construction of a Benzo[ b]azepine Skeleton through Decarboxylative Ylide [6+1] Annulations with Modified Vinyl Benzoxazinanones. Org Lett 2021; 23:814-818. [PMID: 33501832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A Lewis acid-promoted [6+1] annulation between sulfur ylides and modified vinyl benzoxazinanones was described. In this reaction, the newly designed vinyl benzoxazinanones could serve as a novel six-atom synthon, and the key to success is the installation of an electron-withdrawing group on the alkene moiety of the benzoxazinanones. A broad range of substrates are compatible with this mild reaction system, thereby providing a facile and practical approach for constructing a benzo[b]azepine skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhu Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jia
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Hai-Jun Leng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Yan-Qing Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Wen-Lin Zou
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
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5
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Gao Y, Song X, Yan RJ, Du W, Chen YC. Asymmetric β,γ′-regioselective [4 + 3] and [4 + 2] annulations of α-vinylenals via cascade iminium ion-dienamine catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:151-155. [PMID: 33112340 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Vinylenal substrates have been designed and applied in β,γ′-regioselective asymmetric [4 + 3] and [4 + 2] annulation reactions via cascade aminocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Xue Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Ru-Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology
- West China School of Pharmacy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
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6
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Selvaraj K, Chauhan S, Sandeep K, Swamy KCK. Advances in [4+3]‐Annulation/Cycloaddition Reactions Leading to Homo‐ and Heterocycles with Seven‐Membered Rings. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2380-2402. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karuppu Selvaraj
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500046 Telangana India
| | - Sachin Chauhan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500046 Telangana India
| | - K. Sandeep
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500046 Telangana India
| | - K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500046 Telangana India
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7
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Yan RJ, Liu BX, Xiao BX, Du W, Chen YC. Asymmetric (4 + 3) and (4 + 1) Annulations of Isatin-derived Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates to Construct Diverse Chiral Heterocyclic Frameworks. Org Lett 2020; 22:4240-4244. [PMID: 32412770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bao-Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ben-Xian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing 400038, China
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8
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Li T, Yang Z, Song Z, Chauvin R, Cui X. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed [4+3] Annulation of N-Aryl-pyrazolidinones and Propargylic Acetates: Access to Benzo[c][1,2]diazepines. Org Lett 2020; 22:4078-4082. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingfang Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zi Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Remi Chauvin
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Xiuling Cui
- Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
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9
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Neto JSS, Zeni G. Transition Metal‐Catalyzed and Metal‐Free Cyclization Reactions of Alkynes with Nitrogen‐Containing Substrates: Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose S. S. Neto
- Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratório de Síntese Reatividade Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, CCNEUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 Brazil
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10
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Dai Z, Zhu J, Wang J, Su W, Yang F, Zhou Q. Phosphine‐Catalyzed Chemoselective [4+3] Cycloaddition of Alminine Esters and β′‐acetoxy Allenoates for Divergent Synthesis of Azepines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zonghao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Fulai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfa Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Organic Chemistry China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
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11
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An XD, Duan K, Li XJ, Yang JM, Lu YN, Liu Q, Xiao J. Synthesis of Tetrahydro[1,3,4]triazepines via Redox-Neutral α-C(sp3)–H Amination of Cyclic Amines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11839-11847. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xian-Jiang Li
- Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Binzhou 256500, China
| | | | - Yong-Na Lu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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12
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Niu B, Nie Q, Huang B, Cai M. Heterogeneous Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Ring Expansion of 2‐Alkynyl‐1,2‐Dihydropyridines or ‐Quinolines Towards Functionalized Azepines or Benzazepines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 People's Republic of China
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13
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Bakthadoss M, Kumar PV, Reddy TT, Sharada DS. Solvent and catalyst free ring expansion of indoles: a simple synthesis of highly functionalized benzazepines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8160-8168. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly functionalized benzazepines have been synthesized from indoles via ring expansion. Ring contraction of benzazepines to indole derivatives has also been acheived in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Polu Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Pondicherry University
- Pondicherry – 605 014
- India
| | | | - Duddu S. Sharada
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Hyderabad, Kandi
- India
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14
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Li Y, Hu M, Li JH. Silver-Catalyzed Intermolecular [3 + 2]/[5 + 2] Annulation of N-Arylpropiolamides with Vinyl Acids: Facile Synthesis of Fused 2H-Benzo[b]azepin-2-ones. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key
Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and
Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Ming Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key
Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and
Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Key
Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and
Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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15
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Kumarswamyreddy N, Kesavan V. Stereoselective and Regioselective Assembly of Spirooxindole [2,1-b]furan Motifs through a Tandem Friedel-Crafts Alkylation/5-exo-dig-Cyclization. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandarapu Kumarswamyreddy
- Chemical Biology Laboratory; Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Venkitasamy Kesavan
- Chemical Biology Laboratory; Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences; Chennai 600036 India
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16
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Kundu P, Mondal A, Chowdhury C. A Palladium-Catalyzed Method for the Synthesis of 2-(α-Styryl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4-ones and 3-(α-Styryl)-3,4-dihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide: Access to 2-(α-Styryl)quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and 3-(α-Styryl)-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6596-608. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kundu
- Organic & Medicinal Chemisty Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Amrita Mondal
- Organic & Medicinal Chemisty Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Chinmay Chowdhury
- Organic & Medicinal Chemisty Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
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17
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Zhu W, Zhao L, Wang MX. Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-1H-azepine and 1H-Azepin-2(3H)-one Derivatives From Intramolecular Condensation between Stable Tertiary Enamides and Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2015; 80:12047-57. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenju Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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