1
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Ford J, Ortalli S, Chen Z, Sap JBI, Tredwell M, Gouverneur V. Expedient Access to 18F-Fluoroheteroarenes via Deaminative Radiofluorination of Aniline-Derived Pyridinium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404945. [PMID: 38624193 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose that pyridinium salts derived from abundant (hetero)anilines represent a novel precursor class for nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions with [18F]fluoride. The value of this new 18F-fluorodeamination is demonstrated with the synthesis of over 30 structurally diverse and complex heteroaryl 18F-fluorides, several derived from scaffolds that were yet to be labelled with fluorine-18. The protocol tolerates heteroarenes and functionalities commonly found in drug discovery libraries, and is amenable to scale-up and automation on a commercial radiosynthesiser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ford
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastiano Ortalli
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Zijun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen B I Sap
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Current address: Department of Translational Imaging, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Matthew Tredwell
- Wales Research and Diagnostic PET Imaging Centre, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
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2
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Azbell TJ, Milner PJ. Cobalt(III) Halide Metal-Organic Frameworks Drive Catalytic Halogen Exchange. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38607314 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The selective halogenation of complex (hetero)aromatic systems is a critical yet challenging transformation that is relevant to medicinal chemistry, agriculture, and biomedical imaging. However, current methods are limited by toxic reagents, expensive homogeneous second- and third-row transition metal catalysts, or poor substrate tolerance. Herein, we demonstrate that porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) containing terminal Co(III) halide sites represent a rare and general class of heterogeneous catalysts for the controlled installation of chlorine and fluorine centers into electron-deficient (hetero)aryl bromides using simple metal halide salts. Mechanistic studies support that these halogen exchange (halex) reactions proceed via redox-neutral nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) at the Co(III) sites. The MOF-based halex catalysts are recyclable, enable green halogenation with minimal waste generation, and facilitate halex in a continuous flow. Our findings represent the first example of SNAr catalysis using MOFs, expanding the lexicon of synthetic transformations enabled by these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Azbell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Phillip J Milner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
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3
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Tzanetopoulos E, Schwartz J, Gamelin DR. HF-Free synthesis of colloidal Cs 2ZrF 6 and (NH 4) 2ZrF 6 nanocrystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:5451-5454. [PMID: 37067805 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00374d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
A solution-phase synthesis of colloidally stable A2BF6 nanocrystals is reported for the first time, focusing on A+ = Cs+, NH4+ and B4+ = Zr4+. Handling hypertoxic HF is avoided by using NH4F and a low-boiling-point alcohol, representing the first synthesis of any A2BF6 nanocrystals without HF addition. The chemical incompatability of Zr4+ with other common fluoride sources is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Tzanetopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA.
| | - Julie Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA.
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1700, USA.
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4
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Fu Y, Shi H, Lei S, Shi L, Li H. Cu catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition for the synthesis of highly substituted 3-fluoropyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3731-3736. [PMID: 35467681 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00133k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A copper catalyzed annulation-aromatization of benzyl trifluoromethyl ketimines with 3-acryloyloxazolidin-2-ones for the synthesis of 3-fluoropyridines through double C-F bond cleavages has been developed. In this approach, the annulation occurred between the in situ formed dienes from trifluoromethyl ketimines via the first C-F bond cleavage and 3-acryloyloxazolidin-2-ones. Then the aromatization afforded 3-fluoropyridines in moderate yields through the second C-F bond cleavage. The 3-fluoropyridine products could be further hydrolyzed to multi-substituted 3-pyridinecarboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Haoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Shengshu Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Huabao Flavours & Fragrances Co., Ltd., 1299 Yecheng Road, Shanghai 201822, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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5
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Tetramethylammonium Fluoride: Fundamental Properties and Applications in C-F Bond-Forming Reactions and as a Base. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophilic ionic sources of fluoride are essential reagents in the synthetic toolbox to access high added-value fluorinated building blocks unattainable by other means. In this review, we provide a concise description and rationale of the outstanding features of one of these reagents, tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF), as well as disclosing the different methods for its preparation, and how its physicochemical properties and solvation effects in different solvents are intimately associated with its reactivity. Furthermore, herein we also comprehensively describe its historic and recent utilization, up to December 2021, in C-F bond-forming reactions with special emphasis on nucleophilic aromatic substitution fluorinations with a potential sustainable application in industrial settings, as well as its use as a base capable of rendering unprecedented transformations.
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6
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Convenient and efficient access to tri- and tetra-substituted 4-fluoropyridines via a [3 + 2]/[2 + 1] cyclization reaction. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Li X, Yongcai W, Lijuan S, Zhang Y. Catalytic Halogen‐Exchange Fluorination of 4‐Chlorobenzaldehyde to 4‐Fluorobenzaldehyde, a Greener Process. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiukai Li
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos, Singapore 138669 Singapore
| | - Wu Yongcai
- Wanlong Chemicals 212332 Zhenjiang P.R.China
| | - Shi Lijuan
- Wanlong Chemicals 212332 Zhenjiang P.R.China
| | - Yugen Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging 31 Biopolis Way The Nanos, Singapore 138669 Singapore
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8
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Cai J, Zhi M, Hu J, Pu T, Guo K, Zhao L. Mechanistic study of the bismuth mediated fluorination of arylboronic esters and further rational design. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24208-24216. [PMID: 36128531 PMCID: PMC9404455 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to gain insight into the catalytic mechanism of the bismuth redox catalyzed fluorination of arylboronic esters to deliver the widely used arylfluoride compounds (Science 2020, 367, 313–317). The study reveals that the whole catalysis can be characterized via three stages: (i) transmetallation generates the Bi(iii) intermediate 5, capitalizing on the use of KF as an activator. (ii) 5 then reacts with the electrophilic fluorination reagent 1-fluoro-2,6-dichloropyridinium 4via oxidative addition to give the Bi(v) intermediate IM4A. (iii) IM4A undergoes a reductive elimination step to yield aryl fluoride compounds and regenerates the bismuth catalyst for the next catalytic cycle. Each stage is kinetically and thermodynamically feasible. The transmetallation step, with a barrier of 25.4 kcal mol−1, is predicted to be the rate-determining step (RDS) during the whole catalytic cycle. Furthermore, based on a mechanistic study, new catalysts with the framework of tethered bis-anionic ligands were designed, which will help to improve current catalytic systems and develop new bismuth mediated fluorination of arylboronic esters. DFT calculations disclosed the catalytic mechanism of the bismuth redox catalyzed fluorination of arylboronic esters. In addition, more efficient catalysts with the framework of tethered bis-anionic ligands were rationally designed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Cai
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Minna Zhi
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Junyuan Hu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tingting Pu
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Rd S., Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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9
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Petitpoisson L, Pichette A, Alsarraf J. Towards better syntheses of partially methylated carbohydrates? Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00893a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We give an overview of the reported synthetic strategies towards partially methylated glycosides and discuss how better protocols could stem from catalytic site-selective transformations of carbohydrates and cleaner methylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Petitpoisson
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
| | - André Pichette
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Alsarraf
- Centre de recherche sur la boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire d'analyse et de séparation des essences végétales (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Québec, Canada
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10
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Lee SJ, Morales-Colón MT, Brooks AF, Wright JS, Makaravage KJ, Scott PJH, Sanford MS. S NAr Radiofluorination with In Situ Generated [ 18F]Tetramethylammonium Fluoride. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14121-14130. [PMID: 34505779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a method for the nucleophilic radiofluorination of (hetero)aryl chlorides, (hetero)aryl triflates, and nitroarenes using a combination of [18F]KF·K2.2.2 and Me4NHCO3 for the in situ formation of a strongly nucleophilic fluorinating reagent (proposed to be [18F]Me4NF). This method is applied to 24 substrates bearing diverse functional groups, and it generates [18F](hetero)aryl fluoride products in good to excellent radiochemical yields in the presence of ambient air/moisture. The reaction is applied to the preparation of 18F-labeled HQ-415 for potential (pre)clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,United States
| | - María T Morales-Colón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Allen F Brooks
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jay S Wright
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Katarina J Makaravage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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11
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Sander S, Müller R, Ahrens M, Kaupp M, Braun T. Platinum Indolylphosphine Fluorido and Polyfluorido Complexes: An Interplay between Cyclometallation, Fluoride Migration, and Hydrogen Bonding. Chemistry 2021; 27:14287-14298. [PMID: 34337795 PMCID: PMC8596594 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [PtCl2 (COD)] (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) with diisopropyl-2-(3-methyl)indolylphosphine (iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)) led to the formation of the platinum(ii) chlorido complexes, cis-[PtCl2 {iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}2 ] (1) and trans-[PtCl2 {iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}2 ] (2). The cis-complex 1 reacted with NEt3 yielding the complex cis-[PtCl{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}] (3) bearing a cyclometalated κ2 -(P,N)-phosphine ligand, while the isomer 2 with a trans-configuration did not show any reactivity towards NEt3 . Treatment of 1 or 3 with (CH3 )4 NF (TMAF) resulted in the formation of the twofold cyclometalated complex cis-[Pt{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}2 ] (4). The molecular structures of the complexes 1-4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The fluorido complex cis-[PtF{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}] ⋅ (HF)4 (5 ⋅ (HF)4 ) was formed when complex 4 was treated with different hydrogen fluoride sources. The Pt(ii) fluorido complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 exhibits intramolecular hydrogen bonding in its outer coordination sphere between the fluorido ligand and the NH group of the 3-methylindolyl moiety. In contrast to its chlorido analogue 3, complex 5 ⋅ (HF)4 reacted with CO or the ynamide 1-(2-phenylethynyl)-2-pyrrolidinone to yield the complexes trans-[Pt(CO){κ2 -(P,C)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 NCO)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}][F(HF)4 ] (7) and a complex, which we suggest to be cis-[Pt{C=C(Ph)OCN(C3 H6 )}{κ2 -(P,N)-iPr2 P(C9 H7 N)}{iPr2 P(C9 H8 N)}][F(HF)4 ] (9), respectively. The structure of 9 was assigned on the basis of DFT calculations as well as NMR and IR data. Hydrogen bonding of HF and NH to fluoride was proven to be crucial for the existence of 7 and 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sander
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Mike Ahrens
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTechnische Universität Berlin, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7Straße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of ChemistryHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489BerlinGermany
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12
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13
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Beyond biodegradation: Chemical upcycling of poly(lactic acid) plastic waste to methyl lactate catalyzed by quaternary ammonium fluoride. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Morales-Colón MT, See YY, Lee SJ, Scott PJH, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Tetramethylammonium Fluoride Alcohol Adducts for S NAr Fluorination. Org Lett 2021; 23:4493-4498. [PMID: 34029110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic aromatic fluorination (SNAr) is among the most common methods for the formation of C(sp2)-F bonds. Despite many recent advances, a long-standing limitation of these transformations is the requirement for rigorously dry, aprotic conditions to maintain the nucleophilicity of fluoride and suppress the generation of side products. This report addresses this challenge by leveraging tetramethylammonium fluoride alcohol adducts (Me4NF·ROH) as fluoride sources for SNAr fluorination. Through systematic tuning of the alcohol substituent (R), tetramethylammonium fluoride tert-amyl alcohol (Me4NF·t-AmylOH) was identified as an inexpensive, practical, and bench-stable reagent for SNAr fluorination under mild and convenient conditions (80 °C in DMSO, without the requirement for drying of reagents or solvent). A substrate scope of more than 50 (hetero) aryl halides and nitroarene electrophiles is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T Morales-Colón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yi Yang See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - So Jeong Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Douglas C Bland
- Process Sciences & Technology, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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15
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Lapointe G, Skepper CK, Holder LM, Armstrong D, Bellamacina C, Blais J, Bussiere D, Bian J, Cepura C, Chan H, Dean CR, De Pascale G, Dhumale B, Fisher LM, Fulsunder M, Kantariya B, Kim J, King S, Kossy L, Kulkarni U, Lakshman J, Leeds JA, Ling X, Lvov A, Ma S, Malekar S, McKenney D, Mergo W, Metzger L, Mhaske K, Moser HE, Mostafavi M, Namballa S, Noeske J, Osborne C, Patel A, Patel D, Patel T, Piechon P, Polyakov V, Prajapati K, Prosen KR, Reck F, Richie DL, Sanderson MR, Satasia S, Savani B, Selvarajah J, Sethuraman V, Shu W, Tashiro K, Thompson KV, Vaarla K, Vala L, Veselkov DA, Vo J, Vora B, Wagner T, Wedel L, Williams SL, Yendluri S, Yue Q, Yifru A, Zhang Y, Rivkin A. Discovery and Optimization of DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Inhibitors with Potent Activity against Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6329-6357. [PMID: 33929852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the discovery and optimization of a novel series that inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV via binding to, and stabilization of, DNA cleavage complexes. Optimization of this series led to the identification of compound 25, which has potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, a favorable in vitro safety profile, and excellent in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. Compound 25 was found to be efficacious against fluoroquinolone-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus infection in a mouse thigh model at lower doses than moxifloxacin. An X-ray crystal structure of the ternary complex formed by topoisomerase IV from Klebsiella pneumoniae, compound 25, and cleaved DNA indicates that this compound does not engage in a water-metal ion bridge interaction and forms no direct contacts with residues in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR). This suggests a structural basis for the reduced impact of QRDR mutations on antibacterial activity of 25 compared to fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lapointe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Colin K Skepper
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Lauren M Holder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Duncan Armstrong
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cornelia Bellamacina
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Johanne Blais
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Dirksen Bussiere
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jianwei Bian
- Novartis Global Drug Development, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cody Cepura
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Helen Chan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Charles R Dean
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Gianfranco De Pascale
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Bhavesh Dhumale
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - L Mark Fisher
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, U.K
| | - Mangesh Fulsunder
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Bhavin Kantariya
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Julie Kim
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sean King
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Lauren Kossy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Upendra Kulkarni
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jay Lakshman
- Novartis Global Drug Development, East Hanover, New Jersey 07936, United States
| | - Jennifer A Leeds
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Xiaolan Ling
- Novartis Global Drug Development, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Anatoli Lvov
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sylvia Ma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Swapnil Malekar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - David McKenney
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Wosenu Mergo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Louis Metzger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Keshav Mhaske
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Heinz E Moser
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Mina Mostafavi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sunil Namballa
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Jonas Noeske
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Colin Osborne
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Darshit Patel
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Tushar Patel
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Philippe Piechon
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Valery Polyakov
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Krunal Prajapati
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Katherine R Prosen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Folkert Reck
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Daryl L Richie
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Mark R Sanderson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Shailesh Satasia
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Bhautik Savani
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Jogitha Selvarajah
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, U.K
| | - Vijay Sethuraman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Wei Shu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Kyuto Tashiro
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Katherine V Thompson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Krishniah Vaarla
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Lakhan Vala
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Dennis A Veselkov
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Jason Vo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Bhavesh Vora
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Trixie Wagner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Laura Wedel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sarah L Williams
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Satya Yendluri
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Qin Yue
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Aregahegn Yifru
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Novartis Global Drug Development, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Alexey Rivkin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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16
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Hawk MK, Ryan SJ, Zhang X, Huang P, Chen J, Liu C, Chen J, Lindsay-Scott PJ, Burnett J, White C, Lu Y, Rizzo JR. Tetramethylammonium Fluoride Tetrahydrate for SNAr Fluorination of 4-Chlorothiazoles at a Production Scale. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Khanh Hawk
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - Sarah J. Ryan
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Huang
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanren Liu
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Chen
- STA Pharmaceutical (WuXi STA), A Subsidiary of WuXi AppTec., No. 7 Building, #90 Delin Rd, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade
Zone, Shanghai 200131, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - John Burnett
- Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, U.K
| | - Craig White
- Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey GU20 6PH, U.K
| | - Yu Lu
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
| | - John R. Rizzo
- Small Molecule Design and Development (SMDD), Lilly Technology Center North, Eli Lilly and Company, 1400 W Raymond Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46221, United States
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17
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Catalytic cycle and off-cycle steps in the palladium-catalyzed fluorination of aryl bromide with biaryl monophosphine ligands: Theoretical free energy profile. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Pliego JR. The role of intermolecular forces in ionic reactions: the solvent effect, ion-pairing, aggregates and structured environment. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1900-1914. [PMID: 33554992 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The environment enclosing an ionic species has a critical effect on its reactivity. In a more general sense, medium effects are not limited to the solvent, but involve the counter ion effect (ion pairing), formation of larger aggregates and structured environment as provided by the host in the case of host-guest complexes. In this review, a general view of the medium effect on anion-molecule reactions is presented. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of aliphatic (SN2) and aromatic (SNAr) systems, as well as elimination reactions (E2), are the focus of the discussion. In particular, nucleophilic fluorination with KF, CsF and tetraalkylammonium fluoride was used as the main model, because of the importance of this kind of reaction and the recent advances in the study of these systems. The solvent effect, ion pairing, formation of aggregates and formation of complexes with crown ethers, cryptands and calixarenes are discussed. For a deeper insight into the medium effect, many results of reliable theoretical calculations in close agreement with experiments were chosen as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefredo R Pliego
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, 36301-160, São João del-Rei, MG, Brazil.
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19
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Hong CM, Whittaker AM, Schultz DM. Nucleophilic Fluorination of Heteroaryl Chlorides and Aryl Triflates Enabled by Cooperative Catalysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3999-4006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M. Hong
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065 United States
| | - Aaron M. Whittaker
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065 United States
| | - Danielle M. Schultz
- Department of Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065 United States
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20
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See YY, Morales-Colón MT, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Development of S NAr Nucleophilic Fluorination: A Fruitful Academia-Industry Collaboration. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2372-2383. [PMID: 32969213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification of reliable, general, and high yielding methods for the formation of C(sp2)-fluorine bonds remains a major challenge for synthetic organic chemists. A very common approach involves nucleophilic aromatic fluorination (SNAr fluorination) reactions of aryl chlorides or nitroarenes. Despite being known for more than a century, traditional SNAr fluorination reactions suffer from significant limitations, particularly on a process scale. These include the high cost of common reagents [e.g., cesium fluoride (CsF)], a requirement for elevated temperatures and long reaction times, poor functional group tolerance, and the need for rigorous exclusion of water. This Account summarizes our collaboration with Corteva Agriscience (previously Dow Agrosciences) to address many of these challenges. This collaboration has provided a platform for fundamental scientific advances involving the development of new methods, reagents, and substrates for mild and high yielding nucleophilic fluorination reactions.Our early studies established that the combination of potassium fluoride (KF) and superstoichiometric tetrabutylammonium chloride (Bu4NCl) serves as a cost-effective alternative to CsF for the SNAr fluorination of chloropicolinate substrates. However, these reactions still require elevated temperatures (>130 °C) and afford moderate yields due to competing decomposition of the substrate and product. The need for high temperature is largely due to slow reaction rates resulting from the low concentration of the active fluorinating reagent [anhydrous tetrabutylammonium fluoride (Bu4NF)] under these conditions. To address this issue, we developed several strategies for generating high concentration solutions of anhydrous tetraalkylammonium fluoride in situ by combining fluorine-containing electrophiles (e.g., hexafluorobenzene, acyl fluorides, sulfonyl fluorides) with tetraalkylammonium nucleophiles (R4NCN or R4NOR). These systems enable SNAr fluorination under unusually mild conditions, affording nearly quantitative yield with chloropicolinate substrates at room temperature. However, the high cost of the electrophiles and the generation of large quantities of byproducts in the R4NF-forming step render this approach unsuitable for process scale applications. As an alternative, we next explored anhydrous tetramethylammonium fluoride (Me4NF) for these transformations. This highly reactive fluoride source can be synthesized directly from inexpensive KF and Me4NCl and then dried by heating under vacuum. Unlike Bu4NF, it is not susceptible to Hofmann elimination. As such, anhydrous Me4NF is stable and isolable, as well as highly effective for the room temperature SNAr fluorination of chloropicolinates and other electron deficient substrates.The studies with anhydrous R4NF drew our attention to another challenge associated with traditional SNAr fluorination reactions: their limitation to substrates bearing resonance electron-withdrawing groups. We hypothesized that this challenge could be addressed by circumventing the Meisenheimer intermediate, a canonical mechanistic feature of SNAr fluorination. By designing reactions that involve an alternative concerted delivery of the fluoride to the ipso C(sp2) center, we developed a deoxyfluorination of arylfluorosulfonates using anhydrous Me4NF. This reaction exhibits a broad scope with respect to the aryl electrophile, with substrates bearing both electron-withdrawing (CN, ester, CF3, Cl) and moderately electron donating (phenyl, alkyl) substituents participating in deoxyfluorination. These deoxyfluorination conditions were also expanded to nonaromatic substrates, including aldehydes and benzylic/aliphatic alcohols.This Account concludes by delineating several ongoing challenges and opportunities in this fast-moving field. For instance, one important future direction will be to address the high moisture sensitivity of these transformations. In addition, the application of these new reagents and methods in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and PET imaging agents will continue to test the versatility and functional group compatibility of these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - María T. Morales-Colón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Douglas C. Bland
- Product and Process Technology R&D, Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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21
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Qin W, Liu J, Huang Z, Li X, Xiong W, Chen J, Liu G. Bench‐Stable
S
‐(Monofluoromethyl)sulfonium Salts: Highly Efficient
C
‐ and
O
‐Regioselective Monofluoromethylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Bing Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Jian Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Kai Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shenzhen University Health Science Centre Shenzhen University 3688 Nanhai Ave., Nanshan District 518060 Shenzhen P. R. China
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22
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Hong CM, Xu Y, Chung JYL, Schultz DM, Weisel M, Varsolona RJ, Zhong YL, Purohit AK, He CQ, Gauthier DR, Humphrey GR, Maloney KM, Lévesque F, Wang Z, Whittaker AM, Sirota E, McMullen JP. Development of a Commercial Manufacturing Route to 2-Fluoroadenine, The Key Unnatural Nucleobase of Islatravir. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M. Hong
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yingju Xu
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - John Y. L. Chung
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Danielle M. Schultz
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mark Weisel
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Richard J. Varsolona
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yong-Li Zhong
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Akasha K. Purohit
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Cyndi Q. He
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Donald R. Gauthier
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Guy R. Humphrey
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kevin M. Maloney
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - François Lévesque
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Zhixun Wang
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Aaron M. Whittaker
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Eric Sirota
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Jonathan P. McMullen
- Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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23
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Sato K, Kawasaki A, Karuo Y, Tarui A, Kawai K, Omote M. Synthesis of new fluorescent molecules having an aggregation-induced emission property derived from 4-fluoroisoxazoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1411-1417. [PMID: 32647543 PMCID: PMC7323617 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent molecules based on a fluorinated isoxazole scaffold were synthesized and investigated for their photochemical properties. The introduction of a fluorine substituent into 3,5-diarylisoxazoles led to an increase of fluorescence intensity and exhibited a redshift in the emission intensity. α-Fluorinated boron ketoiminates (F-BKIs) were also synthesized via a ring-opening reaction of 4-fluoroisoxazoles and exhibited highly fluorescent luminescence and aggregation-induced emission (AIE), showing promise as a new fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Akira Kawasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Yukiko Karuo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tarui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
| | - Masaaki Omote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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24
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Minus MB, Wang H, Munoz JO, Stevens AM, Mangubat-Medina AE, Krueger MJ, Liu W, Kasembeli MM, Cooper JC, Kolosov MI, Tweardy DJ, Redell MS, Ball ZT. Targeting STAT3 anti-apoptosis pathways with organic and hybrid organic-inorganic inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3288-3296. [PMID: 32286579 PMCID: PMC7286531 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence and drug resistance are major challenges in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that spur efforts to identify new clinical targets and active agents. STAT3 has emerged as a potential target in resistant AML, but inhibiting STAT3 function has proven challenging. This paper describes synthetic studies and biological assays for a naphthalene sulfonamide inhibitor class of molecules that inhibit G-CSF-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in cellulo and induce apoptosis in AML cells. We describe two different approaches to inhibitor design: first, variation of substituents on the naphthalene sulfonamide core allows improvements in anti-STAT activity and creates a more thorough understanding of anti-STAT SAR. Second, a novel approach involving hybrid sulfonamide-rhodium(ii) conjugates tests our ability to use cooperative organic-inorganic binding for drug development, and to use SAR studies to inform metal conjugate design. Both approaches have produced compounds with improved binding potency. In vivo and in cellulo experiments further demonstrate that these approaches can also lead to improved activity in living cells, and that compound 3aa slows disease progression in a xenograft model of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Minus
- Prairieview A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA and Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Haopei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Jaime O Munoz
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexandra M Stevens
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Michael J Krueger
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Moses M Kasembeli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Julian C Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
| | - Mikhail I Kolosov
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David J Tweardy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA and Department of Molecule and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michele S Redell
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zachary T Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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25
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Caron S. Where Does the Fluorine Come From? A Review on the Challenges Associated with the Synthesis of Organofluorine Compounds. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Caron
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, MS 8220-2432, Eastern Point Rd, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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26
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Dalessandro EV, Pliego JR. Reactivity and stability of ion pairs, dimers and tetramers versus solvent polarity: SNAr fluorination of 2-bromobenzonitrile with tetramethylammonium fluoride. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-019-2530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Cheng HG, Pu M, Kundu G, Schoenebeck F. Selective Methylation of Amides, N-Heterocycles, Thiols, and Alcohols with Tetramethylammonium Fluoride. Org Lett 2020; 22:331-334. [PMID: 31834810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We herein disclose the use of tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF) as a direct and selective methylating agent of a variety of amides, indoles, pyrroles, imidazoles, alcohols, and thiols. The method is characterized by operational simplicity, wide scope, and ease of purification. Our computational studies suggest a concerted methylation-deprotonation as the preferred reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gang Cheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Maoping Pu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Gourab Kundu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1 , 52074 Aachen , Germany
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28
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Somasundaram M, Garg JA, Naidu S, Ramkumar V, Saiganesh R, Kabilan S, Balasubramanian KK. Halogen-Exchange Fluorination of β-Chlorovinyl Aldehydes - Unexpected Cascade Transformations in the Fluorination of 4-Chloro-2 H
-chromene and 4-Chloro-2 H
-thiochromene-3-carbaldehydes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jai Anand Garg
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology-Madras; Adyar 600036 Chennai India
| | - Shivaji Naidu
- Strides-Shasun pharmaceuticals Ltd; Vandalur-Kelambakkan Rd. 600127 Chennai India
| | - Venkatachalam Ramkumar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology-Madras; Adyar 600036 Chennai India
| | - Ramanathan Saiganesh
- Strides-Shasun pharmaceuticals Ltd; Vandalur-Kelambakkan Rd. 600127 Chennai India
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29
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Nogueira IC, Pliego JR. Counter‐ion and solvent effects in the C‐ and O‐alkylation of the phenoxide ion with allyl chloride. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isac C. Nogueira
- Departamento de Ciências NaturaisUniversidade Federal de São João del‐Rei São João del‐Rei MG Brazil
| | - Josefredo R. Pliego
- Departamento de Ciências NaturaisUniversidade Federal de São João del‐Rei São João del‐Rei MG Brazil
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30
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Tian Y, Zhao M, Zhao X, Zhou G. Ag-Catalyzed selective fluorination of 6-substituted 2-amionpyrazines. J Fluor Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Sato K, Sandford G, Konishi Y, Yanada N, Toda C, Tarui A, Omote M. Lewis acid promoted fluorine-alkoxy group exchange reactions for the synthesis of 5-alkoxy-4,4-difluoroisoxazoline systems. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2818-2823. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00097f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lewis acid promoted substitution of fluorine yields novel 5-alkoxylated 4,4-difluoroisoxazolines via SN1 type processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Setsunan University
- Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101
- Japan
| | | | - Yukiko Konishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Setsunan University
- Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101
- Japan
| | - Niko Yanada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Setsunan University
- Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101
- Japan
| | - Chisako Toda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Setsunan University
- Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Tarui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Setsunan University
- Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101
- Japan
| | - Masaaki Omote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Setsunan University
- Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101
- Japan
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32
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Zhu C, Shen R, Fang Z, Zhang L, Wu D, Wu M, Tang T, Fu W, Chen Q. Basic mesoporous zeolite ETS-10 supported Ni catalyst with bi-functional properties for efficiently catalyzing arenes fluorination. CATAL COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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33
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Honeycutt AP, Hoover JM. Nickel-Catalyzed Oxidative Decarboxylative Annulation for the Synthesis of Heterocycle-Containing Phenanthridinones. Org Lett 2018; 20:7216-7219. [PMID: 30394749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylative annulation reaction of simple benzamides and (hetero)aromatic carboxylates has been developed. This reaction provides access to a large array of phenanthridinones and their heterocyclic analogues, highlighting the utility and versatility of oxidative decarboxylative coupling strategies for C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron P Honeycutt
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia , United States
| | - Jessica M Hoover
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia , United States
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34
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Lim S, Song D, Jeon S, Kim Y, Kim H, Lee S, Cho H, Lee BC, Kim SE, Kim K, Lee E. Cobalt-Catalyzed C-F Bond Borylation of Aryl Fluorides. Org Lett 2018; 20:7249-7252. [PMID: 30388011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mild and practical cobalt-catalyzed defluoroborylation of fluoroarenes is presented for the first time. The method permits straightforward functionalization of fluoroarenes, with high selectivity for borylation of C-F over C-H bonds, and a tolerance for aerobic conditions. Furthermore, two-step 18F-fluorination was achieved for expanding the scope of 18F-positron emission tomography probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Lim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dalnim Song
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Jeon
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsuk Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sanghee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development , Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine , Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seongnam 13620 , Republic of Korea.,Center for Nanomolecular Imaging and Innovative Drug Development , Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology , Seoul National University , Suwon 16229 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
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35
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Schimler SD, Froese RDJ, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Reactions of Arylsulfonate Electrophiles with NMe4F: Mechanistic Insight, Reactivity, and Scope. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11178-11190. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydonie D. Schimler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert D. J. Froese
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Douglas C. Bland
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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36
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Zhou G, Tian Y, Zhao X, Dan W. Selective Fluorination of 4-Substituted 2-Aminopyridines and Pyridin-2(1H)-ones in Aqueous Solution. Org Lett 2018; 20:4858-4861. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- School of Chemical Technology and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Tian
- School of Chemical Technology and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- School of Chemical Technology and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Wenyan Dan
- School of Chemical Technology and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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37
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Marzo L, Pagire SK, Reiser O, König B. Photokatalyse mit sichtbarem Licht: Welche Bedeutung hat sie für die organische Synthese? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Marzo
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Santosh K. Pagire
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
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38
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Marzo L, Pagire SK, Reiser O, König B. Visible-Light Photocatalysis: Does It Make a Difference in Organic Synthesis? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10034-10072. [PMID: 29457971 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1127] [Impact Index Per Article: 187.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light photocatalysis has evolved over the last decade into a widely used method in organic synthesis. Photocatalytic variants have been reported for many important transformations, such as cross-coupling reactions, α-amino functionalizations, cycloadditions, ATRA reactions, or fluorinations. To help chemists select photocatalytic methods for their synthesis, we compare in this Review classical and photocatalytic procedures for selected classes of reactions and highlight their advantages and limitations. In many cases, the photocatalytic reactions proceed under milder reaction conditions, typically at room temperature, and stoichiometric reagents are replaced by simple oxidants or reductants, such as air, oxygen, or amines. Does visible-light photocatalysis make a difference in organic synthesis? The prospect of shuttling electrons back and forth to substrates and intermediates or to selectively transfer energy through a visible-light-absorbing photocatalyst holds the promise to improve current procedures in radical chemistry and to open up new avenues by accessing reactive species hitherto unknown, especially by merging photocatalysis with organo- or metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Marzo
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Santosh K Pagire
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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39
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Abou-Hamdan H, Désaubry L. Scalable 9-Step Synthesis of the Splicing Modulator NVS-SM2. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2954-2958. [PMID: 29417806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
NVS-SM2, the first activator of pre-mRNA splicing, displays remarkable pharmacological in vivo activities in models of spinal muscular atrophy. Herein we describe an improved approach to the synthesis of this compound, which features a convenient introduction of sterically encumbered amine moiety onto a fluoropyridazine intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Abou-Hamdan
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation (UMR 7200), University of Strasbourg-CNRS, Faculty of Pharmacy , 67401 Illkirch, France.,Laboratory of Biomolecules (UMR7203), Sorbonne University-CNRS , 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Désaubry
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation (UMR 7200), University of Strasbourg-CNRS, Faculty of Pharmacy , 67401 Illkirch, France.,Laboratory of Biomolecules (UMR7203), Sorbonne University-CNRS , 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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40
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Johansen MB, Lindhardt AT. Nucleophilic fluorination facilitated by a CsF–CaF2 packed bed reactor in continuous flow. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:825-828. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple to prepare, dry and handle packed bed reactor carrying CsF on CaF2, towards nucleophilic fluorinations in continuous flow, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Johansen
- Department of Engineering
- Center for Carbon Dioxide Activation (CADIAC)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- DK-8200 Aarhus N
| | - A. T. Lindhardt
- Department of Engineering
- Center for Carbon Dioxide Activation (CADIAC)
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)
- Aarhus University
- DK-8200 Aarhus N
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41
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Pliego JR. Potassium fluoride activation for the nucleophilic fluorination reaction using 18-crown-6, [2.2.2]-cryptand, pentaethylene glycol and comparison with the new hydro-crown scaffold: a theoretical analysis. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:3127-3137. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00418h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ion-pair binding in the hydro-crown ether leads to more effective catalytic cycle for nucleophilic fluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefredo R. Pliego
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei
- São João del-Rei
- Brazil
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42
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Scherbinina SI, Fedorov OV, Levin VV, Kokorekin VA, Struchkova MI, Dilman AD. Synthesis of 3-Fluoropyridines via Photoredox-Mediated Coupling of α,α-Difluoro-β-iodoketones with Silyl Enol Ethers. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12967-12974. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofya I. Scherbinina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Higher Chemical College, Miusskaya sq.
9, 125047 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg V. Fedorov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vitalij V. Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A. Kokorekin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya st. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina I. Struchkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D. Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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43
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Varun BV, Prabhu KR. Sulfur Assisted Tandem Electrophilic Fluorinative Deacylation: Synthesis of α-Fluoro β-Ketosulfides. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9525-9536. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Begur Vasanthkumar Varun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Kandikere Ramaiah Prabhu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
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44
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Abstract
Functionalized per- and polyfluoroarenes are important building blocks, with many industrially and medicinally important molecules containing them. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution can be employed as a quick and straightforward way to synthesize these building blocks. While many methods to derivatize fluoroarenes exist that use heteroatom centered nucleophiles, there are fewer methods that use carbon centered nucleophiles, and of those many are poorly defined. This work presents the SNAr reaction of nucleophiles generated from nitroalkanes with a variety of fluorinated arenes. Given that the products are versatile, accessing polyfluorinated arene building blocks in substantial scale is important. This method is highly regioselective, and produces good to moderate yields on a large scale, sans chromatography, and thus fulfills this need. In addition, the regioselectivity of the addition was probed using both DFT calculations and experimentally via halogen exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I Day
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jimmie D Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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45
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Senaweera S, Weaver JD. S NAr catalysis enhanced by an aromatic donor-acceptor interaction; facile access to chlorinated polyfluoroarenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017. [PMID: 28634609 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03996d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective catalytic SNAr reaction of polyfluoroaryl C-F bonds with chloride is shown. Stoichiometric TMSCl makes the reaction exergonic and allows catalysis, which involves ground state elevation of chloride, aromatic donor-acceptor interactions, and stabilization of the Meisenheimer complex. Traditional cross-coupling of the products is now possible and demonstrates the utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Senaweera
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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46
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Elias S, Karton-Lifshin N, Yehezkel L, Ashkenazi N, Columbus I, Zafrani Y. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Thermally Stable Anhydrous Quaternary Ammonium Fluorides. Org Lett 2017; 19:3039-3042. [PMID: 28558230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of a new class of anhydrous quaternary ammonium fluorides, based on the rigid skeleton azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, is described. Compounds 2a-d were easily prepared by passing the corresponding ammonium iodides over fluoride-based resin followed by drying their hydrated form at 100 or 140 °C under reduced pressure. The stability (experimental and theoretical study), solubility, reactivity, and characterization by solution and solid-state MAS NMR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomi Elias
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
| | - Naama Karton-Lifshin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
| | - Lea Yehezkel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
| | - Nissan Ashkenazi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
| | - Ishay Columbus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
| | - Yossi Zafrani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research , Ness-Ziona,74100, Israel
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47
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Cismesia MA, Ryan SJ, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Multiple Approaches to the In Situ Generation of Anhydrous Tetraalkylammonium Fluoride Salts for S NAr Fluorination Reactions. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5020-5026. [PMID: 28459241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the development of practical approaches to the in situ generation of anhydrous fluoride salts for applications in nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions. We report herein that a variety of combinations of inexpensive nucleophiles (e.g., tetraalkylammonium cyanide and phenoxide salts) and fluorine-containing electrophiles (e.g., acid fluoride, fluoroformate, benzenesulfonyl fluoride, and aryl fluorosulfonate derivatives) are effective for this transformation. Ultimately, we demonstrate that the combination of tetramethylammonium 2,6-dimethylphenoxide and sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) serves as a particularly practical route to anhydrous tetramethylammonium fluoride. This procedure is applied to the SNAr fluorination of a range of electron-deficient aryl and heteroaryl chlorides as well as nitroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Cismesia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sarah J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Douglas C Bland
- Core Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company , 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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48
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Schimler SD, Cismesia MA, Hanley PS, Froese RDJ, Jansma MJ, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Nucleophilic Deoxyfluorination of Phenols via Aryl Fluorosulfonate Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1452-1455. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydonie D. Schimler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Megan A. Cismesia
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Patrick S. Hanley
- Core Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Robert D. J. Froese
- Core Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Matthew J. Jansma
- Core Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Douglas C. Bland
- Core Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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49
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Froese RDJ, Whiteker GT, Peterson TH, Arriola DJ, Renga JM, Shearer JW. Computational and Experimental Studies of Regioselective SNAr Halide Exchange (Halex) Reactions of Pentachloropyridine. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10672-10682. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. J. Froese
- The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Gregory T. Whiteker
- Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville
Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Thomas H. Peterson
- The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Daniel J. Arriola
- The Dow Chemical Company, 1776 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - James M. Renga
- Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville
Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Justin W. Shearer
- Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville
Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
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50
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