Regiospecific Synthesis of Benzoxepines through Pd-Catalyzed Carbene Migratory Insertion and C–C Bond Cleavage

Propargyl Chalcones' Radical Annulation/Sulfonation Reaction: Efficient Synthesis of Benzo[b]oxepin-5(2H)-one and Chromane Derivatives

A novel and facile methodology for the synthesis of sulfonated benzo[b]oxepinone and chromane derivatives was reported by the reaction of propargyl chalcones with arylsulfonyl chloride via radical cascade annulation/sulfonation under laboratory conditions. Readily available propargyl chalcones, commercialized arylsulfonyl chloride, and simple reaction conditions make this six(seven)-membered oxygen-containing heterocycles' synthetic strategy more attractive and with significant application values.

Regio- and Diastereoselective Construction of Functionalized Benzo[b]oxepines and Benzo[b]azepines via Recyclable Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cyclizations

The heterogeneous gold-catalyzed cyclization of (o-alkynyl)phenoxy- or N-(o-alkynylphenyl)tolylsulfonamidoacrylates with alcohols has been developed by using an MCM-41-anchored diphenylphosphine-Au(I) complex [MCM-41-Ph₂P-AuNTf₂] as the catalyst under mild reaction conditions, yielding diverse functionalized benzo[b]oxepines or benzo[b]azepines with good to high yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. This heterogenized gold(I) catalyst exhibits a comparable activity to homogeneous Ph₃PAuNTf₂ and can be facilely recovered by a simple filtration of the reaction solution and reused more than seven times with almost a consistent catalytic efficiency.

Correia C, Ros A, Hornillos V, Iglesias-Sigüenza J, Fernández R, Lassaletta JM. Pd-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Cross-Coupling of Heterobiaryl Bromides with N-Tosylhydrazones

A dynamic kinetic asymmetric Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of heterobiaryl bromides with ketone N-tosylhydrazones for the synthesis of heterobiaryl styrenes is described. The combination of Pd(dba)₂ as a precatalyst with a TADDOL-derived phosphoramidite ligand provides the corresponding coupling products in good yields and high enantioselectivities under mild conditions. Racemization-free N-oxidation and N-alkylation of the products allowed us to obtain appealing functionalized axially chiral heterobiaryl derivatives.

Iodine-catalyzed oxidative annulation: facile synthesis of pyrazolooxepinopyrazolones via methyl azaarene sp3 C-H functionalization

An iodine-catalyzed methyl azaarene sp³ C-H functionalization has been developed for the synthesis of a seven-membered O-heterocyclic architecture containing three different heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. This method can be applied to a wide range of substituted methyl azaarenes and diverse 2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-ones, and brings about the efficient preparation of 2,9-dihydrooxepino[2,3-c:6,5-c']dipyrazol-3(7H)-ones in high yields with the merits of low catalyst loading, good functional group tolerance and metal-free conditions.

Asymmetric [4 + 3] Annulations for Constructing Divergent Oxepane Frameworks via Cooperative Tertiary Amine/Transition Metal Catalysis

We report asymmetric [4 + 3] annulations between isatin-derived Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates and two types of vinyl carbonates synergistically catalyzed by tertiary amines and transition metals, through chemoselective assemblies of in situ formed allylic ylides and metal-containing 1,4-dipoles. A range of oxepane frameworks are generally constructed in moderate to good yields with high stereocontrol. Moreover, all four diastereomers for the products bearing vicinal stereocenters are accessible by tuning tertiary amine and metal catalysts.

Palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions of alkene-tethered carbamoyl chlorides with N-tosyl hydrazones: synthesis of alkene-functionalized oxindoles

An efficient approach for the construction of alkene-functionalized oxindoles was developed via palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions of alkene-tethered carbamoyl chlorides with N-tosyl hydrazones.

Direct synthesis of 8-acylated quinoline N-oxidesviapalladium-catalyzed selective C–H activation and C(sp2)–C(sp2) cleavage

An efficient method for the synthesis of 8-acylated quinoline N-oxides from the reaction of quinoline N-oxides with α-diketonesviaC–C bond cleavage was developed. A variety of quinoline N-oxides and α-diketones with different groups was well tolerated in this system.

Straightforward Entry toward Highly Substituted 2,3-Dihydrobenz[ b]oxepines by Ring Expansion of Benzopyryliums with Donor-Acceptor Diazo Compounds

Ylide-type reactivity of diazo compounds is exploited in a new way to prepare benzo[ b]oxepines thanks to the formation of three chemical bonds and two contiguous and highly substituted stereocenters in a single pot. This cationic reaction cascade first involves addition of a donor-acceptor-substituted diazo compound to a benzopyrylium. Selective 1,2 migration of the endocyclic C-C bond then results in a ring-expansion and generates a second oxocarbenium that is trapped by a nucleophile added sequentially.

Palladium-catalyzed heck-type cascade cyclization of (Z)-1-iodo-1,6-dienes with N-tosyl hydrazones

A new way to synthesize tetrahydropyridine derivatives bearing a terminal alkene due to highly regioselective β-H elimination of alkylpalladium species.

Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings through Carbene Migratory Insertion

Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have been well-established as indispensable tools in modern organic synthesis. One of the major research goals in cross-coupling area is expanding the scope of the coupling partners. In the past decade, diazo compounds (or their precursors N-tosylhydrazones) have emerged as nucleophilic cross-coupling partners in C-C single bond or C═C double bond formations in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions. This type of coupling reaction involves the following general steps. First, the organometallic species is generated by various processes, including oxidative addition, transmetalation, cyclization, C-C bond cleavage, and C-H bond activation. Subsequently, the organometallic species reacts with the diazo substrate to generate metal carbene intermediate, which undergoes rapid migratory insertion to form a C-C bond. The new organometallic species generated from migratory insertion may undergo various transformations. This type of carbene-based coupling has proven to be general: various transition metals including Pd, Cu, Rh, Ni, Co, and Ir are effective catalysts; the scope of the reaction has also been extended to substrates other than diazo compounds; and various cascade processes have also been devised based on the carbene migratory insertion. This review will summarize the achievements made in this field since 2001.

Ligand effect on the rhodium porphyrin catalyzed hydrogenation of [2.2]paracyclophane with water: key bimetallic hydrogenation

Rhodium porphyrin catalyzed hydrogenation of the aliphatic carbon-carbon σ-bond of [2.2]paracyclophane with water has been examined with a variety of tetraarylporphyrins and axial ligands. Mechanistic investigations show that Rh^III(ttp)H, which can be derived from the reaction of [Rh^II(ttp)]₂ with water without a sacrificial reductant, plays an important role in promoting bimetallic reductive elimination to give the hydrogenation product.

Recent Methodologies That Exploit C-C Single-Bond Cleavage of Strained Ring Systems by Transition Metal Complexes

In this review, synthetic and mechanistic aspects of key methodologies that exploit C-C single-bond cleavage of strained ring systems are highlighted. The focus is on transition-metal-catalyzed processes that are triggered by C-C bond activation and β-carbon elimination, with the review concentrating on developments from mid-2009 to mid-2016.