1
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Aicher D, Damunupola D, Stark CBW, Wiehe A, Brückner C. meso-Tetrahexyl-7,8-dihydroxychlorin and Its Conversion to ß-Modified Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:2144. [PMID: 38731635 PMCID: PMC11085094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
meso-Tetrahexylporphyrin was converted to its corresponding 7,8-dihydroxychlorin using an osmium tetroxide-mediated dihydroxylation strategy. Its diol moiety was shown to be able to undergo a number of subsequent oxidation reactions to form a chlorin dione and porpholactone, the first meso-alkylporphyrin-based porphyrinoid containing a non-pyrrolic building block. Further, the diol chlorin was shown to be susceptible to dehydration, forming the porphyrin enol that is in equilibrium with its keto-chlorin form. The meso-hexylchlorin dione could be reduced and it underwent mono- and bis-methylation reactions using methyl-Grignard reagents, and trifluoromethylation using the Ruppert-Prakash reagent. The optical and spectroscopic properties of the products are discussed and contrasted to their corresponding meso-aryl derivatives (where known). This contribution establishes meso-tetrahexyl-7,8-dihydroxychlorins as a new and versatile class of chlorins that is susceptible to a broad range of conversions to generate functionalized chlorins and a pyrrole-modified chlorin analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aicher
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dinusha Damunupola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Christian B. W. Stark
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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2
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Lalisse RF, Hadad CM, Brückner C, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ. [3 + 2]-Cycloadditions with Porphyrin β,β'-Bonds: Theoretical Basis of the Counterintuitive meso-Aryl Group Influence on the Rates of Reaction. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16473-16482. [PMID: 36444511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Removal of a β,β'-bond from meso-tetraarylporphyrin using [3 + 2]-cycloadditions generates meso-tetraarylhydroporphyrins. Literature evidence indicates that meso-tetraphenylporphyrins react more sluggishly with 1,3-dipoles such as ylides and OsO4 (in the presence of pyridine) than meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin. The trend is counterintuitive for the reaction with OsO4, as this formal oxidation reaction is expected to proceed more readily with more electron-rich substrates. This work presents a density functional theory-based computational study of the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) interactions and reaction profile thermodynamics involved in the reaction of archetypical cycloaddition reactions (a simple ylide, OsO4, OsO4·py, OsO4·(py)2, and ozone) with the β,β'-double bonds of variously fluorinated meso-arylporphyrins. The trend observed for the Type I cycloaddition of an ylide is straightforward, as lowering the LUMO of the porphyrin with increasing meso-phenyl-fluorination also lowers the reaction barrier. The corresponding simple FMO analyses of Type III cycloadditions do not correctly model the reaction energetics. This is because increasing fluorination leads to lowering of the porphyrin HOMO-2, thus increasing the reaction barrier. However, coordination of pyridine to OsO4 preorganizes the transition state complex; lowering of the energy barrier by the preorganization exceeds the increase in repulsive orbital interactions, overall accelerating the cycloaddition and rationalizing the counterintuitive experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy F Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher M Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Matthew J Guberman-Pfeffer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States.,Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, 840 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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3
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Hewage N, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Chaudhri N, Zeller M, Gascón JA, Brückner C. Syntheses and Aromaticity Parameters of Hexahydroxypyrrocorphin, Porphotrilactones, and Their Oxidation State Intermediates. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12096-12108. [PMID: 36066858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triple OsO4-mediated dihydroxylation of meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin formed a non-aromatic hexahydroxypyrrocorphin as a single stereo-isomer. A one-step oxidative conversion of all three diol functionalities to lactone moieties generated three out of the four possible porphotrilactone regioisomers that were spectroscopically and structurally characterized. This conversion recovered most of the porphyrinic macrocycle aromatic ring current, as seen in their 1H NMR spectra and modeled using DFT computations. Stepwise OsO4-mediated dihydroxylations of porpho-mono- and -di-lactones generated intermediate oxidation state compounds between the pyrrole-three pyrroline macrocycle of the pyrrocorphin and the pyrrole-three oxazolone chromophore of the trilactones. The aromaticity of these chromophores was reduced with increasing number of oxazolone to pyrroline replacements, showing the importance for the presence of three lactone moieties for the retention of the macrocycle aromaticity in the tris-β,β'-modified macrocycles. This work first describes hexahydoxypyrrocorphins, porphotrislactones, and the oxidation state intermediates between them; furthers the understanding of the roles of β-lactone moieties in the expression of porphyrinic macrocycle aromaticity; and generally broadens access to chemically stable pyrrocorphins and pyrrocorphin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisansala Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Matthew J Guberman-Pfeffer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - José A Gascón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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4
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Mohan EC, Atoyebi AO, Bruckner C. Studies on the mechanochemically induced chromene-annulation of meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroxychlorin: Non-innocence of the grinding aids. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424622500122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Thuita D, Guberman‐Pfeffer MJ, Brückner C. S
N
Ar Reaction Toward the Synthesis of Fluorinated Quinolino[2,3,4‐at]porphyrins. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Thuita
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut, Unit 3060 Storrs CT 06268-3060 U.S.A
| | - Matthew J. Guberman‐Pfeffer
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut, Unit 3060 Storrs CT 06268-3060 U.S.A
- Current address: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and the Microbial Science Institute Yale University New Haven CT 06520 U.S.A
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut, Unit 3060 Storrs CT 06268-3060 U.S.A
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6
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Banerjee S, Phadte AA. β‐
meso
‐Annulated
meso
‐Tetraarylchlorins: A Study of the Effect of Ring Fusion on Chlorin Conformation and Optical Spectra. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar Goa 403726 India
| | - Apeksha Ashok Phadte
- Department of Chemistry BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar Goa 403726 India
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7
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Brückner C, Atoyebi AO, Girouard D, Lau KSF, Akhigbe J, Samankumara L, Damunupola D, Khalil GE, Gouterman M, Krause JA, Zeller M. Stepwise Preparation of
meso
‐Tetraphenyl‐ and
meso
‐Tetrakis(4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)bacteriodilactones and their Zinc(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Adewole O. Atoyebi
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Derek Girouard
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Kimberly S. F. Lau
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 98195 Seattle WA USA
| | - Joshua Akhigbe
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Lalith Samankumara
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Dinusha Damunupola
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Gamal E. Khalil
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 98195 Seattle WA USA
| | - Martin Gouterman
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 98195 Seattle WA USA
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati 45221‐0172 Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 47907‐2084 West Lafayette IN USA
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8
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Kuncewicz J, Dąbrowski JM, Kyzioł A, Brindell M, Łabuz P, Mazuryk O, Macyk W, Stochel G. Perspectives of molecular and nanostructured systems with d- and f-block metals in photogeneration of reactive oxygen species for medical strategies. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Hewage N, Daddario P, Lau KSF, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Gascón JA, Zeller M, Lee CO, Khalil GE, Gouterman M, Brückner C. Bacterio- and Isobacteriodilactones by Stepwise or Direct Oxidations of meso-Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin. J Org Chem 2019; 84:239-256. [PMID: 30484650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porpholactones are porphyrinoids in which one or more β,β'-bonds of the parent chromophore were replaced by lactone moieties. Accessible to varying degrees by direct and nonselective oxidations of porphyrins, the rational syntheses of all five dilactone isomers along stepwise, controlled, and high-yielding routes via porphyrin → tetrahydroxyisobacteriochlorin metal complexes → isobacteriochlorindilactone metal complexes or porphyrin → tetrahydroxybacteriochlorin → bacteriochlorindilactone (and related) pathways, respectively, are described. A major benefit of these complementary routes over established methods is the simplicity of the isolation of the dilactones because of the reduced number of side products formed. In an alternative approach we report the direct and selective conversion of free base meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin to all isomers of free base isobacteriodilactones using the oxidant cetyltrimethylN+MnO4-. The solid-state structures of some of the isomers and their precursors are reported, providing data on the conformational modulation induced by the derivatizations. We also rationalize computationally their differing thermodynamic stability and electronic properties. In making new efficient routes toward these dilactone isomers available, we enable the further study of this diverse class of porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisansala Hewage
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Unit 3060, Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
| | - Pedro Daddario
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Unit 3060, Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
| | - Kimberly S F Lau
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Unit 3060, Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Matthew J Guberman-Pfeffer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Unit 3060, Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
| | - José A Gascón
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Unit 3060, Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 101 Wetherill Hall, 560 Oval Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907-2084 , United States
| | - Christal O Lee
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Gamal E Khalil
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Martin Gouterman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Connecticut , Unit 3060, Storrs , Connecticut 06269-3060 , United States
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10
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Luciano MP, Akhigbe J, Ding J, Thuita D, Hamchand R, Zeller M, Brückner C. An Alternate Route of Transforming meso-Tetraarylporphyrins to Porpholactams, and Their Conversion to Amine-Functionalized Imidazoloporphyrins. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9619-9630. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Luciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Joshua Akhigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Jiaming Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Damaris Thuita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Randy Hamchand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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11
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Yang B, Hewage N, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Wax T, Gascón JA, Zhao J, Agrios AG, Brückner C. The limited extent of the electronic modulation of chlorins and bacteriochlorins through chromene-annulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18233-18240. [PMID: 29942972 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical data (UV-vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra, including fluorescence yields and lifetimes) and electrochemical measurements are used to quantify the modulation of the electronic properties of meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-chlorin diol and -bacteriochlorin tetraols upon intramolecular chromene-annulation, including the investigation of regio- and stereoisomers. The small modulations of the frontier orbitals of the porphyrinoids are rationalized using DFT computations and can be traced to small electronic effects due to the co-planarized meso-aryl groups in combination with conformational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3037, USA.
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12
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Sharma M, Ticho AL, Samankumara L, Zeller M, Brückner C. Conformational Landscapes of Metal(II) Porphyrinato, Chlorinato, and Morpholinochlorinato Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Alexander L. Ticho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Lalith Samankumara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, One University
Plaza, Youngstown, Ohio 44555-3663, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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13
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Li R, Meehan E, Zeller M, Brückner C. Surprising Outcomes of Classic Ring‐Expansion Conditions Applied to Octaethyloxochlorin, 2. Beckmann‐Rearrangement Conditions. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06368‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Eileen Meehan
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06368‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Mathias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry Youngstown State University 44555‐3663 Youngstown OH USA
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06368‐3060 Storrs CT USA
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14
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Almeida J, Aguiar A, Leite A, Silva AMN, Cunha-Silva L, de Castro B, Rangel M, Barone G, Tomé AC, Silva AMG. 1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions with meso-tetraarylchlorins – site selectivity and mixed bisadducts. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qo00771f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mixed bisadducts resulting from the sequential addition of a nitrone and an azomethine ylide to the porphyrin macrocycle were efficiently obtained, in a site selective approach.
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15
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Dąbrowski JM. Reactive Oxygen Species in Photodynamic Therapy: Mechanisms of Their Generation and Potentiation. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Abstract
A number of oxidants convert chromene-annulated porphyrins into porpholactones, monomeric or dimeric β-modified chromene-annulated chlorins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry
- Youngstown State University
- One University Plaza
- Youngstown
- USA
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17
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Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Greco JA, Samankumara LP, Zeller M, Birge RR, Gascón JA, Brückner C. Bacteriochlorins with a Twist: Discovery of a Unique Mechanism to Red-Shift the Optical Spectra of Bacteriochlorins. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:548-560. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan A. Greco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Lalith P. Samankumara
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department
of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, One University Plaza, Youngstown, Ohio 44555-3663, United States
| | - Robert R. Birge
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3125, United States
| | - José A. Gascón
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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