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Borbás A, Herczeg M, Demeter F, Bényei A. Synthesis of the Three Most Expensive l-Hexose Thioglycosides from d-Glucose. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe biologically important l-hexoses, which are less widespread than d-hexoses, cannot be obtained from natural sources or can only be extracted very costly. Due to the complexity of their synthesis, their commercially available derivatives (which are sold mostly in free form) are also very expensive, which is further exacerbated by the current rapid rise in prices. In the present work, starting from the cheapest d-hexose, d-glucose, using inexpensive and readily available chemicals, a reaction pathway was developed in which the three most expensive l-hexoses (l-idose, l-altrose, and l-talose) were successfully prepared in orthogonally protected thioglycoside form, ready for glycosylation. The l-ido and l-talo derivatives were synthesized by C-5 epimerization of the corresponding 5,6-unsaturated thioglycosides. From the l-ido derivatives, the orthogonally protected thioglycosides of l-altrose were then prepared by C-4 epimerization. Different approaches to the preparation of the key intermediates, 5,6-unsaturated thioglycoside derivatives, were systematically investigated in the presence of various protecting groups (ether and ester) and using commercially available reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen
| | - Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen
- Research Group for Oligosaccharide Chemistry of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELKH
| | - Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen
| | - Attila Bényei
- Laboratory for X-ray Diffraction, Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen
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Herczeg M, Demeter F, Lisztes E, Racskó M, Tóth BI, Timári I, Bereczky Z, Kövér KE, Borbás A. Synthesis of a Heparinoid Pentasaccharide Containing l-Guluronic Acid Instead of l-Iduronic Acid with Preserved Anticoagulant Activity. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15830-15836. [PMID: 36411253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
l-Iduronic acid is a key constituent of heparin and heparan sulfate polysaccharides due to its unique conformational plasticity, which facilitates the binding of polysaccharides to proteins. At the same time, this is the synthetically most challenging unit of heparinoid oligosaccharides; therefore, there is a high demand for its replacement with a more easily accessible sugar unit. In the case of idraparinux, an excellent anticoagulant heparinoid pentasaccharide, we demonstrated that l-iduronic acid can be replaced by an easier-to-produce l-sugar while maintaining its essential biological activity. From the inexpensive d-mannose, through a highly functionalized phenylthio mannoside, the l-gulose donor was prepared by C-5 epimerization in 10 steps with excellent yield. This unit was incorporated into the pentasaccharide by α-selective glycosylation and oxidized to l-guluronic acid. The complete synthesis required only 36 steps, with 21 steps for the longest linear route. The guluronate containing pentasaccharide inhibited coagulation factor Xa by 50% relative to the parent compound, representing an excellent anticoagulant activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first biologically active heparinoid anticoagulant which contains a different sugar unit instead of l-iduronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.,Research Group for Oligosaccharide Chemistry of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELKH Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Erika Lisztes
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 22, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - Márk Racskó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 22, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 22, Debrecen H-4012, Hungary
| | - István Timári
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bereczky
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Katalin E Kövér
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary.,MTA-DE Molecular Recognition and Interaction Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
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Del Vigo EA, Stortz CA, Marino C. D-Allose, a rare sugar. Synthesis of D-allopyranosyl acceptors from glucose, and their regioselectivity in glycosidation reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4589-4598. [PMID: 35593891 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00590e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although D-allose (D-All) is a sugar with low natural abundance, it has great pharmacological and alimentary potential due to its biological properties. However, its chemistry, regarding the regioselectivity in protective reactions and glycosidations, has been scarcely explored. Glycobiological studies require appreciable quantities of carbohydrates with defined structures and high purity. Thus, the development of efficient strategies for their synthesis is crucial. In this frame, the knowledge of the regioselectivity between different hydroxyl groups of glycosyl acceptors is valuable because it allows minimizing the use of protecting groups. We have long been interested in the relative reactivity of OH-3 and OH-4 of glycosyl acceptors in glycosidation reactions. In this paper we synthesized D-allose glycopyranosyl acceptors with free OH-3 and OH-4 from D-Glc precursors. We assessed glycosidations with galactose trichloroacetimidates as donors and the experimental results were compared with those obtained by molecular modeling. Axial O-3 was the preferred site of glycosylation for α-anomers, whereas equatorial O-4 was the preferred site for a β-anomer. A good correlation between the experimental and modeling results was observed using atomic charges and cationic intermediates, although Fukui indices did not predict adequately the experimental results. The achieved regioselectivities are useful for the efficient design of oligosaccharide synthesis containing D-All moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique A Del Vigo
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos A Stortz
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carla Marino
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Demeter F, Bereczki I, Borbás A, Herczeg M. Synthesis of Four Orthogonally Protected Rare l-Hexose Thioglycosides from d-Mannose by C-5 and C-4 Epimerization. Molecules 2022; 27:3422. [PMID: 35684360 PMCID: PMC9182441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
l-Hexoses are important components of biologically relevant compounds and precursors of some therapeuticals. However, they typically cannot be obtained from natural sources and due to the complexity of their synthesis, their commercially available derivatives are also very expensive. Starting from one of the cheapest d-hexoses, d-mannose, using inexpensive and readily available chemicals, we developed a reaction pathway to obtain two orthogonally protected l-hexose thioglycoside derivatives, l-gulose and l-galactose, through the corresponding 5,6-unsaturated thioglycosides by C-5 epimerization. From these derivatives, the orthogonally protected thioglycosides of further two l-hexoses (l-allose and l-glucose) were synthesized by C-4 epimerization. The preparation of the key intermediates, the 5,6-unsaturated derivatives, was systematically studied using various protecting groups. By the method developed, we are able to produce highly functionalized l-gulose derivatives in 9 steps (total yields: 21-23%) and l-galactose derivatives in 12 steps (total yields: 6-8%) starting from d-mannose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilona Bereczki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Group for Oligosaccharide Chemistry of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, ELKH, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Demeter F, Gyöngyösi T, Bereczky Z, Kövér KE, Herczeg M, Borbás A. Replacement of the L-iduronic acid unit of the anticoagulant pentasaccharide idraparinux by a 6-deoxy-L-talopyranose - Synthesis and conformational analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13736. [PMID: 30213971 PMCID: PMC6137110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
One critical part of the synthesis of heparinoid anticoagulants is the creation of the L-iduronic acid building block featured with unique conformational plasticity which is crucial for the anticoagulant activity. Herein, we studied whether a much more easily synthesizable sugar, the 6-deoxy-L-talose, built in a heparinoid oligosaccharide, could show a similar conformational plasticity, thereby can be a potential substituent of the L-idose. Three pentasaccharides related to the synthetic anticoagulant pentasaccharide idraparinux were prepared, in which the L-iduronate was replaced by a 6-deoxy-L-talopyranoside unit. The talo-configured building block was formed by C4 epimerisation of the commercially available L-rhamnose with high efficacy at both the monosaccharide and the disaccharide level. The detailed conformational analysis of these new derivatives, differing only in their methylation pattern, was performed and the conformationally relevant NMR parameters, such as proton-proton coupling constants and interproton distances were compared to the corresponding ones measured in idraparinux. The lack of anticoagulant activity of these novel heparin analogues could be explained by the biologically not favorable 1C4 chair conformation of their 6-deoxy-L-talopyranoside residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gyöngyösi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Debrecen, 4002, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bereczky
- Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt., Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Katalin E Kövér
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, Debrecen, 4002, Hungary.
| | - Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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Herczeg M, Demeter F, Balogh T, Kelemen V, Borbás A. Rapid Synthesis of l
-Idosyl Glycosyl Donors from α-Thioglucosides for the Preparation of Heparin Disaccharides. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Herczeg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Demeter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Tímea Balogh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Viktor Kelemen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary
| | - Anikó Borbás
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Debrecen; Egyetem tér 1 H-4032 Debrecen Hungary
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Stereocontrolled synthesis of oleanolic saponin ladyginoside A isolated from Ladyginia bucharica. Carbohydr Res 2018; 458-459:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Traboni S, Bedini E, Iadonisi A. Solvent-Free Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Iodides and One-Pot Elaborations Thereof. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Traboni
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Via Cinthia 4, I - 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Emiliano Bedini
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Via Cinthia 4, I - 80126 Naples Italy
| | - Alfonso Iadonisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Naples Federico II; Via Cinthia 4, I - 80126 Naples Italy
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9
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Łopatkiewicz G, Buda S, Mlynarski J. Application of the EF and GH Fragments to the Synthesis of Idraparinux. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12701-12714. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Łopatkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szymon Buda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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