1
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Seo EJ, Jung H, Jeong JE, Lee SH, Kim JC, Kim DY, Kim S, Lee KC, Park YI. Development of radical initiator based on o-imino-isourea capable of photo/thermal polymerization. RSC Adv 2023; 13:36364-36372. [PMID: 38099255 PMCID: PMC10719897 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Using o-imino isourea, three photo- and thermal dual-responsive radical initiators dicyheDCC, CyheDCC, and BnDCC were systematically developed and synthesized. By adding an aromatic ring to the free radical initiators, the ultraviolet-visible absorption was redshifted, and the absorption coefficient was increased. Compared with other initiators, BnphDCC exhibited an exceptional photoinitiation rate under photo-differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a high absorption coefficient (ε = 15 420 M-1 cm-1). Therefore, it is an appropriate potential photoinitiator. DicyheDCC, which was composed of a cyclic hydrocarbon, exhibited rapid thermal initiation (Tpeak = 82 °C) during thermal DSC, making it a valuable thermal radical initiator. Because of the low stiffness of the N-O link in radical initiators, density functional theory predicts that the aliphatic ring has a significantly lower enthalpy than the aromatic ring. Moreover, in this study, CyhephDCC and BnphDCC, as dual-responsive radical initiators, indicated the potential for a photo- and heat dual-curing system through the universal free-radical polymerization of acrylates. These significant discoveries may be useful for developing efficient and diversified polymer network systems that require synergistic photo- and thermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Seo
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry·Food Science Technology, Dong-Eui University 176 Eomgwangro Busan 47340 South Korea
| | - Hyocheol Jung
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Jeong
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungju Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry·Food Science Technology, Dong-Eui University 176 Eomgwangro Busan 47340 South Korea
| | - Kyu Cheol Lee
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry·Food Science Technology, Dong-Eui University 176 Eomgwangro Busan 47340 South Korea
| | - Young Il Park
- Research Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Ulsan 44412 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
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2
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Pal A, Das KM, Sau S, Thakur A. Co(II) Acetate-Assisted Direct Synthesis of Acyl Hydrazones from Acyl Hydrazides under Mild Conditions. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300755. [PMID: 37814533 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Acyl hydrazones are a class of synthetically important organic compounds that are recurrently in high demand for synthesis and use in various fields of chemistry and biology. We report the first Co(II) catalyzed one-component one-pot sustainable synthesis of acyl hydrazones only from acyl hydrazides under mild reaction conditions. Traditional and contemporary methodologies use two components (usually acyl hydrazides and aldehydes/ketones/alcohols/styrene) as the coupling partners. Our protocol, on the other hand, involves the in situ generation of aldehyde intermediate (detected by gas chromatography) from the acyl hydrazide, which then undergoes condensation with another molecule of the same acyl hydrazide in the same pot to yield acyl hydrazones in presence of mild base K2 CO3 and low-cost Co(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2 O as catalyst. This method shows good functional group tolerance with good to excellent yield of products. Furthermore, some of the resulting acyl hydrazones have been used as synthetic precursors and explored in various post-synthetic modifications to afford N-heterocyclic compounds. Furthermore, photoswitchable properties of few synthesized acyl hydrazones are also explored using their E/Z isomerization around the C=N bond, as realized by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV-vis spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwitiya Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subham Sau
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunabha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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3
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Bauer TA, Schramm J, Fenaroli F, Siemer S, Seidl CI, Rosenauer C, Bleul R, Stauber RH, Koynov K, Maskos M, Barz M. Complex Structures Made Simple - Continuous Flow Production of Core Cross-Linked Polymeric Micelles for Paclitaxel Pro-Drug-Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210704. [PMID: 36934295 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Translating innovative nanomaterials to medical products requires efficient manufacturing techniques that enable large-scale high-throughput synthesis with high reproducibility. Drug carriers in medicine embrace a complex subset of tasks calling for multifunctionality. Here, the synthesisof pro-drug-loaded core cross-linked polymeric micelles (CCPMs) in a continuous flow processis reported, which combines the commonly separated steps of micelle formation, core cross-linking, functionalization, and purification into a single process. Redox-responsive CCPMs are formed from thiol-reactive polypept(o)ides of polysarcosine-block-poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-cysteine) and functional cross-linkers based on dihydrolipoic acid hydrazide for pH-dependent release of paclitaxel. The precisely controlled microfluidic process allows the production of spherical micelles (Dh = 35 nm) with low polydispersity values (PDI < 0.1) while avoiding toxic organic solvents and additives with unfavorable safety profiles. Self-assembly and cross-linking via slit interdigital micromixers produces 350-700 mg of CCPMs/h per single system, while purification by online tangential flow filtration successfully removes impurities (unimer ≤ 0.5%). The formed paclitaxel-loaded CCPMs possess the desired pH-responsive release profile, display stable drug encapsulation, an improved toxicity profile compared to Abraxane (a trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb), and therapeutic efficiency in the B16F1-xenotransplanted zebrafish model. The combination of reactive polymers, functional cross-linkers, and microfluidics enables the continuous-flow synthesis of therapeutically active CCPMs in a single process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A Bauer
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Schramm
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55129, Mainz, Germany
| | - Federico Fenaroli
- Department for Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svenja Siemer
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/Nanobiomedicine, ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christine I Seidl
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Rosenauer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Regina Bleul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55129, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/Nanobiomedicine, ENT Department, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Maskos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, 55129, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333CC, The Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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4
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Yavari I, Shaabanzadeh S. Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Bonds Play the Dual Role of Starting Material and Oxidation Inhibitor for Hydrazides in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrazones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15077-15085. [PMID: 36347012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The electrooxidation of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds to produce hydrazones as an alternate for conventional pathways has an enormous dignity. Under the aegis of electricity, instead of hazardous metal catalysts and external oxidants, we unveil an electrochemical process for electrooxidation of various benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds in aqueous media in all pH ranges that subsequently produce hydrazones with further reactions. This electrooxidative reaction strategy provides an acceptable condition for synthesizing hydrazones with various functional groups in good efficiency and amenable to gram-scale synthesis. The electrochemical oxidation condition proves an excellent level of compatibility with super cheap electrolyte NaCl for the oxidation of benzylic C(sp3)-H position despite the highly oxidizable hydrazide group remaining intact in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Yavari
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 1463694571, Iran
| | - Sina Shaabanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 1463694571, Iran
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5
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Caillaud K, Ladavière C. Water‐soluble (poly)acylhydrazones: Syntheses and Applications. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Caillaud
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Villeurbanne Cédex F‐69622 France
| | - Catherine Ladavière
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Université Jean Monnet Villeurbanne Cédex F‐69622 France
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6
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Mondal R, Guin AK, Chakraborty S, Paul ND. Iron-Catalyzed Metal–Ligand Cooperative Approach toward Sustainable Synthesis of Azines and N-Acylhydrazones in Air. J Org Chem 2022; 87:2921-2934. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Amit Kumar Guin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
| | - Nanda D. Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, India
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7
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Zhang X, Rovis T. Photocatalyzed Triplet Sensitization of Oximes Using Visible Light Provides a Route to Nonclassical Beckmann Rearrangement Products. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21211-21217. [PMID: 34905347 PMCID: PMC8862120 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oximes are valuable synthetic intermediates for the preparation of a variety of functional groups. To date, the stereoselective synthesis of oximes remains a major challenge, as most current synthetic methods either provide mixtures of E and Z isomers or furnish the thermodynamically preferred E isomer. Herein we report a mild and general method to achieve Z isomers of aryl oximes by photoisomerization of oximes via visible-light-mediated energy transfer (EnT) catalysis. Facile access to (Z)-oximes provides opportunities to achieve regio- and chemoselectivity complementary to those of widely used transformations employing oxime starting materials. We show an enhanced one-pot protocol for photocatalyzed oxime isomerization and subsequent Beckmann rearrangement that enables novel reactivity with alkyl groups migrating preferentially over aryl groups, reversing the regioselectivity of the traditional Beckmann reaction. Chemodivergent N- or O- cyclizations of alkenyl oximes are also demonstrated, leading to nitrones or cyclic oxime ethers, respectively.
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8
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Wu J, Hu H, Ao M, Cui Z, Zhou X, Qin J, Guo Y, Chen J, Xue Y, Fang M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 5-((4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1 H-Indole-2-Carbohydrazide derivatives: the methuosis inducer 12A as a Novel and selective anticancer agent. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1436-1453. [PMID: 34229558 PMCID: PMC8266240 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1940992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis and vacuole-inducing activity of 5-((4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazide derivatives, including five potent derivatives 12c, 12 g, 12i, 12n, and 12A that exhibit excellent vacuole-inducing activity. Remarkably, 12A effectively induces methuosis in tested cancer cells but not human normal cells. In addition, 12A exhibits high pan-cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines but is hardly toxic to normal cells. It is found that the 12A-induced vacuoles are derived from macropinosomes but not autophagosomes. The 12A-induced cytoplasmic vacuoles may originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and be accompanied by ER stress. The MAPK/JNK signalling pathway is involved in the 12A-induced methuotic cell death. Moreover, 12A exhibits significant inhibition of tumour growth in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model. The excellent potency and selectivity of 12A prompt us to select it as a good lead compound for further development of methuosis inducers and investigation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying methuosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hongyu Hu
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi, China
| | - Mingtao Ao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenzhen Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingbo Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jingwei Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuhua Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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9
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Thiosemicarbazones exhibit inhibitory efficacy against New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1). J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:574-579. [PMID: 34234284 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-021-00440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The superbug infection caused by metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs) carrying drug-resistant bacteria, specifically, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) has become an emerging threat. In an effort to develop novel inhibitors of NDM-1, thirteen thiosemicarbazones (1a-1m) were synthesized and assayed. The obtained molecules specifically inhibited NDM-1, with an IC50 in the range of 0.88-20.2 µM, and 1a and 1f were found to be the potent inhibitors (IC50 = 1.79 and 0.88 μM) using cefazolin as substrate. ITC and kinetic assays indicated that 1a irreversibly and non-competitively inhibited NDM-1 in vitro. Importantly, MIC assays revealed that these molecules by themselves can sterilize NDM-producing clinical isolates EC01 and EC08, exhibited 78-312-fold stronger activities than the cefazolin. MIC assays suggest that 1a (16 μg ml-1) has synergistic antimicrobial effect with ampicillin, cefazolin and meropenem on E. coli producing NDM-1, resulting in MICs of 4-32-, 4-32-, and 4-8-fold decrease, respectively. These studies indicate that the thiosemicarbazide is a valuable scaffold for the development of inhibitors of NDM-1 and NDM-1 carrying drug-resistant bacteria.
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10
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Danahy KE, Styduhar ED, Fodness AM, Heckman LM, Jamison TF. On-Demand Generation and Use in Continuous Synthesis of the Ambiphilic Nitrogen Source Chloramine. Org Lett 2020; 22:8392-8395. [PMID: 33086788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate the on-demand synthesis of chloramine from aqueous ammonia and sodium hypochlorite solutions, and its subsequent utilization as an ambiphilic nitrogen source in continuous-flow synthesis. Despite its advantages in cost and atom economy, chloramine has not seen widespread use in batch synthesis due to its unstable and hazardous nature. Continuous-flow chemistry, however, provides an excellent platform for generating and handling chloramine in a safe, reliable, and inexpensive manner. Unsaturated aldehydes are converted to valuable aziridines and nitriles, and thioethers are converted to sulfoxides, in moderate to good yields and exceedingly short reaction times. In this telescoped process, chloramine is generated in situ and immediately used, providing safe and efficient conditions for reaction scale-up while mitigating the issue of its decomposition over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley E Danahy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
| | - Evan D Styduhar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
| | - Aria M Fodness
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
| | - Laurel M Heckman
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
| | - Timothy F Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 01239, United States
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11
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Peraksine derivatives with potential anti-inflammatory activities from the stems of Rauvolfia vomitoria. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104704. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Capocasa G, Di Berto Mancini M, Frateloreto F, Lanzalunga O, Olivo G, Di Stefano S. Easy Synthesis of a Self-Assembled Imine-Based Iron(II) Complex Endowed with Crown-Ether Receptors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Capocasa
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; and Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Marika Di Berto Mancini
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; and Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Federico Frateloreto
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; and Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; and Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Giorgio Olivo
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; Campus de Montilivi 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; and Istituto CNR per i Sistemi Biologici (ISB-CNR), Sezione Meccanismi di Reazione; P.le A. Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
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13
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Vargas EL, Velázquez JA, Rodrigo E, Reinecke H, Rodríguez-Hernández J, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Gallardo A, Cid MB. p Ka Modulation of Pyrrolidine-Based Catalytic Polymers Used for the Preparation of Glycosyl Hydrazides at Physiological pH and Temperature. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:1955-1967. [PMID: 35025318 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the ability of enzymes to use the surrounding hydrophobic and/or polarizable groups to modulate the pKa of a given amino acid, we designed a series of soluble polymers able to decrease the basicity of pyrrolidine (from 11.2 to 8.6 pKa units), which clearly increases its aminocatalytic activity at physiological pH in C═N bond formation reactions via ion iminium activation. Other parameters such as charge density, hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, and aggregation state have been studied as important factors in the catalytic activity of the polymers for a given substrate. To demonstrate the utility of our approach, an optimal pyrrolidine-based catalytic polymer has been used for the formation of C-N bonds between hydrazides and free sugars as the model system for the preparation of glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Vargas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Antonio Velázquez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Rodrigo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Helmut Reinecke
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a de Polı́meros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a de Polı́meros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Gallardo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologı́a de Polı́meros (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Belén Cid
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Hossain F, Nishat S, Ghosh S, Boga S, Hymel GT, Andreana PR. Synthesis of glycoimmunogen Tn-Thr-PS A1 via hydrazone bond and stability optimization of PS A1 monosaccharide mimics under vaccine development conditions. J Carbohydr Chem 2020; 39:107-129. [PMID: 33994657 PMCID: PMC8118568 DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2019.1709975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previously, our group constructed several immunogens utilizing oxime linkage to conjugate a T-cell stimulatory zwitterionic polysaccharide PS A1 and tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) in acetate buffer. Here, a semi-synthetic immunogen was synthesized using hydrazone conjugation between PS A1 and a glycopeptide hydrazide (α-d-GalNAc-l-Thr-NH-NH2) with an excellent loading in PBS buffer. To get robust immune response, the retention of zwitterionic character of PS A1 under vaccine construction conditions is essential. In this regard, the stability of embedded pyruvate acetal moiety in tetrasaccharide repeating unit of PS A1 can validate the retention of the dual charges. Therefore, rather than utilizing this highly immunogenic PS A1 fully, stability studies were performed with synthetic 1-thiophenyl-4,6-O-pyruvate acetal-d-galactopyranose in varying acetate buffer pHs and time intervals. Furthermore, 1-propyl-d-galactofuranose was synthesized to mimick the d-Galf of PS A1 to examine regioselective hydrazone and oxime formation with α-d-GalNAc-l-Thr-NH-NH2 and α-d-GalNAc-ONH2 moieties respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - S. Nishat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - S. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - S. Boga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - G. T. Hymel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - P. R. Andreana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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15
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Blomkvist B, Dinér P. Mild and Rapid Aniline/HBF
4
•DEE‐Catalysed Formation of Sulfinyl Imines. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Blomkvist
- Division of Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biology and Health, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 30 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peter Dinér
- Division of Organic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biology and Health, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 30 10044 Stockholm Sweden
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16
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Abstract
The formation of oximes and hydrazones is employed in numerous scientific fields as a simple and versatile conjugation strategy. This imine-forming reaction is applied in fields as diverse as polymer chemistry, biomaterials and hydrogels, dynamic combinatorial chemistry, organic synthesis, and chemical biology. Here we outline chemical developments in this field, with special focus on the past ∼10 years of developments. Recent strategies for installing reactive carbonyl groups and α-nucleophiles into biomolecules are described. The basic chemical properties of reactants and products in this reaction are then reviewed, with an eye to understanding the reaction's mechanism and how reactant structure controls rates and equilibria in the process. Recent work that has uncovered structural features and new mechanisms for speeding the reaction, sometimes by orders of magnitude, is discussed. We describe recent studies that have identified especially fast reacting aldehyde/ketone substrates and structural effects that lead to rapid-reacting α-nucleophiles as well. Among the most effective new strategies has been the development of substituents near the reactive aldehyde group that either transfer protons at the transition state or trap the initially formed tetrahedral intermediates. In addition, the recent development of efficient nucleophilic catalysts for the reaction is outlined, improving greatly upon aniline, the classical catalyst for imine formation. A number of uses of such second- and third-generation catalysts in bioconjugation and in cellular applications are highlighted. While formation of hydrazone and oxime has been traditionally regarded as being limited by slow rates, developments in the past 5 years have resulted in completely overturning this limitation; indeed, the reaction is now one of the fastest and most versatile reactions available for conjugations of biomolecules and biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik K Kölmel
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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17
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Hofmann D, Gans E, Krüll J, Heinrich MR. Sustainable Synthesis of Balsalazide and Sulfasalazine Based on Diazotization with Low Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide in Air. Chemistry 2017; 23:4042-4045. [PMID: 28054726 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, which arises as a side product from a range of industrial processes, can effectively be recycled through the diazotization of anilines. The studies reported herein now demonstrate that the removal of nitrogen dioxide from gas streams is even more effective when hydrophilic anilines are used as starting materials. The diazonium salts, which are obtained in this way in up to quantitative yields, can directly be employed in azo coupling reactions, thus opening up an attractive route to the industrially important group of azo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Gans
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Krüll
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
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