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Franke M, Klingsiek MJ, Buth J, Mix A, Lamm JH, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Tridentate Lewis Acids Based on Tribenzotriquinacene Chalices. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401072. [PMID: 38742716 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Chalice-shaped tridentate poly-Lewis acids (PLA) based on the tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) scaffold have been synthesised. Stannylation of the alkyne units, attached via phenyl-spacers to the benzhydrylic positions to the TBTQ scaffold, with Me2NSnMe3 afforded the trimethyltin substituted TBTQ derivative. Replacement of these tin functions with other elements resulted in rigid boron- and aluminium-functionalised PLAs. More flexible PLAs were obtained by hydrometallation reactions of the terminal alkyne groups of 4b,8b,12b-tris((ethynyl)phenyl)tribenzotriquinacene. The resulting poly-Lewis acids were tested for their acceptor abilities in host-guest experiments with suitable bases. Preliminary tests with pyridine led to the synthesis of a large tridentate base with three pyridyl groups attached to a TBTQ backbone. Complexation of this Lewis base with the PLAs resulted in the formation of aggregates, which were studied in solution in more detail by 1H DOSY NMR experiments regarding their size. Further experiments were performed with the tridentate bases 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane and tris((dimethylphosphino)methyl)phenylsilane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Franke
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Maximilian J Klingsiek
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Julian Buth
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Andreas Mix
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld
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Sisodiya DS, Ali SM, Chattopadhyay A. Exploring the reaction pathway involved in the dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 synthesis from catechol and bis(2‐chloroethyl) ether in presence of base. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilawar Singh Sisodiya
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani –K.K. Birla Goa Campus Goa India
| | - Sk. Musharaf Ali
- Chemical Engineering Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay Mumbai India
| | - Anjan Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani –K.K. Birla Goa Campus Goa India
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Tarpeh WA, Chen X. Making wastewater obsolete: Selective separations to enable circular water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 5:100078. [PMID: 36158609 PMCID: PMC9488079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2021.100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
By 2050, the societal needs and innovation drivers of the 21st century will be in full swing: mitigating climate change, minimizing anthropogenic effects on natural ecosystems, navigating scarcity of natural resources, and ensuring equitable access to quality of life will have matured from future needs to exigent realities. Water is one such natural resource, and will need to be treated and transported to maximize resource efficiency. In particular, wastewater will be mined for the valuable product precursors it contains, which will require highly selective separation processes capable of capturing specific target compounds from complex solutions. As a case study, we focus on the nitrogen cycle because it plays a central role in both natural and engineered systems. Nitrogen occurs as several species, including ammonia, a fertilizer and precursor to many nitrogen products, and nitrate, a fertilizer and component of explosives. We describe two applications of selective separations: selective materials and electrochemical processes. Ultimately, this perspective outlines the next thirty years of modular, selective, resource-efficient separations that will play a major role in enabling element-specific circular economies and redefining wastewater as a resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Tarpeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Corresponding author. 443 Via Ortega, Room 387, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Oeser T, Mastalerz M. Solvent-Controlled Racemic Resolution of C3-Symmetric Trihydroxytribenzotriquinacenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3981-3989. [PMID: 31990546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A racemic C3-symmetric trihydroxytribenzotriquinacene was resolved on a large scale by fractional crystallization of the corresponding (1S)-camphanic esters, achieving both enantiopure enantiomers (>99% ee) in 35% and 32% yields. The method relies on a distinct solvent-controlled discrimination process between the diastereomers. The enantiopure trihydroxytribenzotriquinacenes were converted into four other enantiopure building blocks, which are valuable precursors for supramolecular and materials chemistry to illustrate the utility of the synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wagner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Switching the Statistical C
3
/C
1
Ratio in the Threefold Aromatic Substitution of Tribenzotriquinacenes towards the C
3
Isomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wagner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Wagner P, Rominger F, Mastalerz M. Switching the Statistical C 3 /C 1 Ratio in the Threefold Aromatic Substitution of Tribenzotriquinacenes towards the C 3 Isomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11321-11324. [PMID: 29938890 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ) is a bowl-shaped molecule that has been widely used as a molecular building block in supramolecular and materials chemistry. Especially C3 -symmetric threefold-substituted TBTQs are interesting for these purposes. Until now a general and selective synthetic approach to those C3 -symmetric products was lacking, mainly because the typically used electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions of the parent TBTQ hydrocarbons produce predominantly the C1 isomer over the C3 isomer (3:1 statistical ratio). Herein we introduce a threefold borylation of TBTQ with the C3 isomer as the main product (2.6:1 C3 /C1 ratio). The borylated TBTQ can be converted in good yields into other C3 -symmetric TBTQs, thus allowing straightforward synthetic access to new building blocks for supramolecular and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Wagner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Rommelmann P, Greschner W, Ihrig S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Gröger H, Kuck D. Combining Stereoselective Enzyme Catalysis with Chirality-Assisted Synthesis in Tribenzotriquinacene Chemistry. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rommelmann
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Wilko Greschner
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Sarah Ihrig
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
- Center for Molecular Materials (CM₂); Bielefeld University; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
- Center for Molecular Materials (CM₂); Bielefeld University; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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Rommelmann P, Nachtigall B, Guntelmann T, Gröger H, Kuck D. Stereoselective synthesis of enantiomerically pure bowl-shaped hydroxytribenzotriquinacenes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5635-5642. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01425f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bowl-shaped (M)-2-hydroxytribenzotriquinacene was obtained in enantiomerically pure form by stereoselective enzyme-catalysed ester hydrolysis of the racemic TBTQ-based aryl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beate Nachtigall
- Department of Chemistry
- Bielefeld University
- 33615 Bielefeld
- Germany
| | - Tim Guntelmann
- Department of Chemistry
- Bielefeld University
- 33615 Bielefeld
- Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Department of Chemistry
- Bielefeld University
- 33615 Bielefeld
- Germany
- Center for Molecular Materials (CM2)
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry
- Bielefeld University
- 33615 Bielefeld
- Germany
- Center for Molecular Materials (CM2)
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Harig M, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Kuck D. An Elusive Nonaromatic Goal behind the Centropolyindanes:Aufbauof Veratrolo-Annelated Centropolyquinanes and OzonolyticAbbau. Chempluschem 2017; 82:1078-1095. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Harig
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuck
- Department of Chemistry; Bielefeld University; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
- Center of Molecular Materials (CM 2 ); Bielefeld University; Universitätsstrasse 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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