1
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Tsien J, Hu C, Merchant RR, Qin T. Three-dimensional saturated C(sp 3)-rich bioisosteres for benzene. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:605-627. [PMID: 38982260 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Benzenes, the most ubiquitous structural moiety in marketed small-molecule drugs, are frequently associated with poor 'drug-like' properties, including metabolic instability, and poor aqueous solubility. In an effort to overcome these limitations, recent developments in medicinal chemistry have demonstrated the improved physicochemical profiles of C(sp3)-rich bioisosteric scaffolds relative to arenes. In the past two decades, we have witnessed an exponential increase in synthetic methods for accessing saturated bioisosteres of monosubstituted and para-substituted benzenes. However, until recent discoveries, analogous three-dimensional ortho-substituted and meta-substituted biososteres have remained underexplored, owing to their ring strain and increased s-character hybridization. This Review summarizes the emerging synthetic methodologies to access such saturated motifs and their impact on the application of bioisosteres for ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and multi-substituted benzene rings. It concludes with a perspective on the development of next-generation bioisosteres, including those within novel chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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2
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Kubyshkin V, Rubini M. Proline Analogues. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8130-8232. [PMID: 38941181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Within the canonical repertoire of the amino acid involved in protein biogenesis, proline plays a unique role as an amino acid presenting a modified backbone rather than a side-chain. Chemical structures that mimic proline but introduce changes into its specific molecular features are defined as proline analogues. This review article summarizes the existing chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical knowledge about this peculiar family of structures. We group proline analogues from the following compounds: substituted prolines, unsaturated and fused structures, ring size homologues, heterocyclic, e.g., pseudoproline, and bridged proline-resembling structures. We overview (1) the occurrence of proline analogues in nature and their chemical synthesis, (2) physicochemical properties including ring conformation and cis/trans amide isomerization, (3) use in commercial drugs such as nirmatrelvir recently approved against COVID-19, (4) peptide and protein synthesis involving proline analogues, (5) specific opportunities created in peptide engineering, and (6) cases of protein engineering with the analogues. The review aims to provide a summary to anyone interested in using proline analogues in systems ranging from specific biochemical setups to complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Rubini
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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3
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Miles SA, Nillama JA, Hunter L. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy: The Diverse Roles That Fluorine Can Play within Amino Acid Side Chains. Molecules 2023; 28:6192. [PMID: 37687021 PMCID: PMC10489206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Side chain-fluorinated amino acids are useful tools in medicinal chemistry and protein science. In this review, we outline some general strategies for incorporating fluorine atom(s) into amino acid side chains and for elaborating such building blocks into more complex fluorinated peptides and proteins. We then describe the diverse benefits that fluorine can offer when located within amino acid side chains, including enabling 19F NMR and 18F PET imaging applications, enhancing pharmacokinetic properties, controlling molecular conformation, and optimizing target-binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luke Hunter
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
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4
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Bychek R, Mykhailiuk PK. A Practical and Scalable Approach to Fluoro-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205103. [PMID: 35638404 PMCID: PMC9401599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
After more than 20 years of trials, a practical scalable approach to fluoro‐substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (F‐BCPs) has been developed. The physicochemical properties of the F‐BCPs have been studied, and the core was incorporated into the structure of the anti‐inflammatory drug Flurbiprofen in place of the fluorophenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bychek
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 60, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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5
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Bychek R, Mykhailiuk PK. A Practical and Scalable Approach to Fluoro‐Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bychek
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 60 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
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6
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Mykhailiuk PK. Fluorine-Containing Prolines: Synthetic Strategies, Applications, and Opportunities. J Org Chem 2022; 87:6961-7005. [PMID: 35175772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated prolines play an important role in peptide studies, protein engineering, medicinal chemistry, drug discovery, and agrochemistry. Since the first synthesis of 4-fluoroprolines by Gottlieb and Witkop in 1965, their popularity started to grow exponentially. For example, during the past two decades, all isomeric trifluoromethyl-substituted prolines have been synthesized. In this Perspective, chemical properties and applications of fluorinated prolines are discussed. Synthetic approaches to all known fluorine-containing prolines are also discussed and analyzed. This analysis unexpectedly revealed an unsolved problem: in strict contrast to fluoro- and trifluoromethyl-substituted prolines, the corresponding analogues with fluoromethyl and difluoromethyl groups are mostly unknown. At the end of the paper, structures of several interesting, yet unknown, fluorinated prolines are disclosed─a good opportunity for chemists to make them.
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7
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Homon AA, Hryshchuk OV, Mykhailenko OV, Vashchenko BV, Melnykov KP, Michurin OM, Daniliuc CG, Gerus II, Kovtunenko VO, Kondratov IS, Grygorenko OO. 4‐(Di‐/Trifluoromethyl)‐2‐heterabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes: Advanced Fluorinated Phenyl Isosteres and Proline analogues. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. Homon
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine Murmanska Street 1 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V. Hryshchuk
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Olha V. Mykhailenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P. Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Oleg M. Michurin
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstr. 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Igor I. Gerus
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine Murmanska Street 1 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | | | - Ivan S. Kondratov
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry & Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine Murmanska Street 1 Kyiv 02660 Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net) Chervonotkatska Street 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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8
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Abstract
In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive overview of acyclic twisted amides, covering the literature since 1993 (the year of the first recognized report on acyclic twisted amides) through June 2020. The review focuses on classes of acyclic twisted amides and their key structural properties, such as amide bond twist and nitrogen pyramidalization, which are primarily responsible for disrupting nN to π*C═O conjugation. Through discussing acyclic twisted amides in comparison with the classic bridged lactams and conformationally restricted cyclic fused amides, the reader is provided with an overview of amidic distortion that results in novel conformational features of acyclic amides that can be exploited in various fields of chemistry ranging from organic synthesis and polymers to biochemistry and structural chemistry and the current position of acyclic twisted amides in modern chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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9
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Ripenko V, Vysochyn D, Klymov I, Zhersh S, Mykhailiuk PK. Large-Scale Synthesis and Modifications of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylic Acid (BCP). J Org Chem 2021; 86:14061-14068. [PMID: 34166594 PMCID: PMC8524415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
In flow photochemical addition of propellane to
diacetyl allowed construction of the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) core
in a 1 kg scale within 1 day. Haloform reaction of the formed diketone
in batch afforded bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid in a
multigram amount. Representative gram scale transformations of the
diacid were also performed to obtain various BCP-containing building
blocks—alcohols, acids, amines, trifluoroborates, amino acids, etc.—for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Ripenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Ivan Klymov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Zhersh
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
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10
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Sanchez CA, Gadais C, Diarra S, Bordessa A, Lensen N, Chelain E, Brigaud T. Synthesis of enantiopure α-Tfm-proline and α-Tfm-pipecolic acid from oxazolo-pyrrolidines and -piperidines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6771-6775. [PMID: 34292288 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01173a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enantiopure α-Tfm-proline and α-Tfm-pipecolic acid were synthesized starting from commercially available diesters and ethyl trifluoroacetate. A Strecker type reaction on intermediate chiral Tfm-oxazolo-pyrrolidine and -piperidine provided the corresponding nitrile precursor of enantiopure (R) and (S) α-Tfm-proline and α-Tfm-pipecolic acid. The C-terminal peptide coupling reaction of α-Tfm-pipecolic acid has been successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément A Sanchez
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France.
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11
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Shcherbakova V, Dibchak D, Snisarenko M, Skalenko Y, Denisenko AV, Kuznetsova AS, Mykhailiuk PK. Bicyclic Piperidines via [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2200-2209. [PMID: 33211487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic strategy to fused bicyclic piperidines-building blocks for medicinal chemistry-is developed. The key step was an intramolecular [2 + 2]-photocyclization. The photochemical step was performed on a gram scale. Crystallographic analysis of the obtained compounds revealed that they occupy a novel chemical space and can be considered as elongated analogues of 3-substituted piperidines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yevhen Skalenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.,V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, Murmanska 1, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
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12
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Sanchez CA, Gadais C, Chaume G, Girard S, Chelain E, Brigaud T. Enantiopure 5-CF 3-Proline: Synthesis, Incorporation in Peptides, and Tuning of the Peptide Bond Geometry. Org Lett 2021; 23:382-387. [PMID: 33369434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of enantiopure 5-(R)-and 5-(S)-trifluoromethylproline is reported. The key steps are a Ruppert-Prakash reagent addition on l-pyroglutamic esters followed by an elimination reaction and a selective reduction. The solution-phase and solid-phase incorporation of this unprotected enantiopure fluorinated amino acid in a short peptide chain was demonstrated. Compared to proline, the CF3 group provides a decrease of the trans to cis amide bond isomerization energy and an increase of the cis conformer population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément A Sanchez
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Charlène Gadais
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Grégory Chaume
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sylvaine Girard
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Evelyne Chelain
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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13
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Denisenko A, Garbuz P, Shishkina SV, Voloshchuk NM, Mykhailiuk PK. Saturated Bioisosteres of
ortho
‐Substituted Benzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Garbuz
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Svetlana V. Shishkina
- “Institute for Single Crystals” National Academy of Science of Ukraine Lenina Ave. 60 61001 Kharkiv Ukraine
| | - Nataliya M. Voloshchuk
- National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine Heroiv Oborony 15 03041 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Chemistry Department Volodymyrska 64 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
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14
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Denisenko A, Garbuz P, Shishkina SV, Voloshchuk NM, Mykhailiuk PK. Saturated Bioisosteres of ortho-Substituted Benzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20515-20521. [PMID: 32662201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Saturated bioisosteres of ortho-disubstituted benzenes (bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes) were synthesized, characterized and validated. These cores were incorporated into the bioactive compounds Valsartan, Boskalid and Fluxapyroxad instead of the benzene ring. The saturated analogues showed a similar level of antifungal activity compared to that of Boskalid and Fluxapyroxad.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Garbuz
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana V Shishkina
- "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Lenina Ave. 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya M Voloshchuk
- National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony 15, 03041, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
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15
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Kubyshkin V. Polarity effects in 4-fluoro- and 4-(trifluoromethyl)prolines. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1837-1852. [PMID: 32765799 PMCID: PMC7385359 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorine-containing analogues of proline are valuable tools in engineering and NMR spectroscopic studies of peptides and proteins. Their use relies on the fundamental understanding of the interplay between the substituents and the main chain groups of the amino acid residue. This study aims to showcase the polarity-related effects that arise from the interaction between the functional groups in molecular models. Properties such as conformation, acid-base transition, and amide-bond isomerism were examined for diastereomeric 4-fluoroprolines, 4-(trifluoromethyl)prolines, and 1,1-difluoro-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-6-carboxylates. The preferred conformation on the proline ring originated from a preferential axial positioning for a single fluorine atom, and an equatorial positioning for a trifluoromethyl- or a difluoromethylene group. This orientation of the substituents explains the observed trends in the pK a values, lipophilicity, and the kinetics of the amide bond rotation. The study also provides a set of evidences that the transition state of the amide-bond rotation in peptidyl-prolyl favors C4-exo conformation of the pyrrolidine ring.
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16
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Cox B, Zdorichenko V, Cox PB, Booker-Milburn KI, Paumier R, Elliott LD, Robertson-Ralph M, Bloomfield G. Escaping from Flatland: Substituted Bridged Pyrrolidine Fragments with Inherent Three-Dimensional Character. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1185-1190. [PMID: 32550999 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pressure to deliver new medicines to the patient continues to grow along with increases in compound failure rate, thus putting the current R&D model at risk. Analysis has shown that increasing the three-dimensionality of potential drug candidates decreases the risk of failure and improves binding selectivity and frequency. For this reason many workers have taken a new look at the power of photochemistry as a means to generate novel sp3 rich scaffolds for use in drug discovery programs. Here we report the design, synthesis, and computational structural analysis of a series of 2,4-methanoprolines having inherent 3D character (PMI and PBF scores) significantly higher than that of the broader AbbVie Rule of 3 (Ro3) collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cox
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
- Photodiversity Ltd, c/o School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Victor Zdorichenko
- Photodiversity Ltd, c/o School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Philip B. Cox
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-6217, United States
| | - Kevin I. Booker-Milburn
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
- Photodiversity Ltd, c/o School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Romain Paumier
- Photodiversity Ltd, c/o School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Luke D. Elliott
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Michael Robertson-Ralph
- Photodiversity Ltd, c/o School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Graham Bloomfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, U.K
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17
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Cheng L, Zhao K, Zhang Q, Li Y, Zhai Q, Chen J, Lou Y. Chiral Proline-Decorated Bifunctional Pd@NH2-UiO-66 Catalysts for Efficient Sequential Suzuki Coupling/Asymmetric Aldol Reactions. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:7991-8001. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qingchao Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jinxi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yongbing Lou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
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18
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Levterov VV, Panasyuk Y, Pivnytska VO, Mykhailiuk PK. Water‐Soluble Non‐Classical Benzene Mimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Chemistry Department Volodymyrska 64 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
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19
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Levterov VV, Panasyuk Y, Pivnytska VO, Mykhailiuk PK. Water-Soluble Non-Classical Benzene Mimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7161-7167. [PMID: 32060990 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A new generation of saturated benzene mimetics, 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes, was developed. These compounds were designed as analogues of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane with an improved water solubility. Crystallographic analysis of 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes revealed that they occupy a novel chemical space, but, at the same time, resemble the motif of meta-disubstituted benzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
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20
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Ganguly HK, Basu G. Conformational landscape of substituted prolines. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:25-39. [PMID: 31953795 PMCID: PMC7040156 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclic side chain of the amino acid proline confers unique conformational restraints on its backbone and side chain dihedral angles. This affects two equilibria-one at the backbone (cis/trans) and the other at the side chain (endo/exo). Substitutions on the proline ring impose additional steric and stereoelectronic effects that can further modulate both these equilibria, which in turn can also affect the backbone dihedral angle (ϕ, ψ) preferences. In this review, we have explored the conformational landscape of several termini capped mono-(2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-) substituted proline derivatives in the Cambridge Structural Database, correlating observed conformations with the nature of substituents and deciphering the underlying interactions for the observed structural biases. The impact of incorporating these derivatives within model peptides and proteins are also discussed for selected cases. Several of these substituents have been used to introduce bioorthogonal functionality and modulate structure-specific ligand recognition or used as spectroscopic probes. The incorporation of these diversely applicable functional groups, coupled with their ability to define an amino acid conformation via stereoelectronic effects, have a broad appeal among chemical biologists, molecular biophysicists, and medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himal Kanti Ganguly
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
| | - Gautam Basu
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT scheme VII M, Kolkata, 700054, India.
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21
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Maguire OR, Taylor B, Higgins EM, Rees M, Cobb SL, Simpkins NS, Hayes CJ, O'Donoghue AC. Unusually high α-proton acidity of prolyl residues in cyclic peptides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7722-7729. [PMID: 34094148 PMCID: PMC8159430 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidity of the α-proton in peptides has an essential role in numerous biochemical reactions and underpins their stereochemical integrity, which is critical to their biological function. We report a detailed kinetic and computational study of the acidity of the α-proton in two cyclic peptide systems: diketopiperazine (DKP) and triketopiperazine (TKP). The kinetic acidity (protofugality) of the α-protons were determined though hydrogen deuterium exchange studies in aqueous solutions. The acidities of the α-proton in prolyl residues were increased by 3–89 fold relative to other amino acid residues (prolyl > glycyl ≫ alanyl > tyrosyl). Experimental and computational evidence for the stereoelectronic origins of this enhanced prolyl reactivity is presented. TKPs were 106-fold more reactive than their DKP analogues towards deprotonation, which we attribute to the advanced development of aromaticity in the earlier transition state for proton transfer in these cases. A Brønsted linear free energy analysis of the reaction data was conducted to provide estimates of α-proton pKas. Kinetic and computational studies reveal that prolyl residues in cyclic peptides are substantially more acidic than other residues due to a stereoelectronic effect.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethany Taylor
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham DH1 3LE
- UK
| | | | - Matthew Rees
- School of Chemistry
- University of Birmingham
- Birmingham
- UK
| | - Steven L. Cobb
- Department of Chemistry
- Durham University
- Durham DH1 3LE
- UK
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22
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Cox B, Booker-Milburn KI, Elliott LD, Robertson-Ralph M, Zdorichenko V. Escaping from Flatland: [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition; Conformationally Constrained sp 3-rich Scaffolds for Lead Generation. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1512-1517. [PMID: 31749903 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure on researchers to deliver new medicines to the patient continues to grow. Attrition rates in the research and development process present a significant challenge to the viability of the current model of drug discovery. Analysis shows that increasing the three-dimensionality of potential drug candidates decreases the risk of attrition, and it is for this reason many workers have taken a new look at the power of photochemistry, in particular photocycloadditions, as a means to generate novel sp3-rich scaffolds for use in drug discovery programs. The viability of carrying out photochemical reactions on scale is also being addressed by the introduction of new technical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cox
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
- Photodiversity Ltd., c/o School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
| | - Kevin I. Booker-Milburn
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
- Photodiversity Ltd., c/o School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Luke D. Elliott
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Michael Robertson-Ralph
- Photodiversity Ltd., c/o School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Victor Zdorichenko
- Photodiversity Ltd., c/o School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
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23
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Dibchak D, Shcherbacova V, Denisenko AV, Mykhailiuk PK. Convenient Access to Conformationally Rigid Sultams. Org Lett 2019; 21:8909-8914. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Dibchak
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemical Technology, Prosp. Peremohy 37, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valeriya Shcherbacova
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemical Technology, Prosp. Peremohy 37, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
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24
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Fominova K, Diachuk T, Sadkova IV, Mykhailiuk PK. Synthesis of 2,2-Disubstituted Spirocyclic Pyrrolidines by Intramolecular Dieckmann Condensation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78 01103 Kyiv Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Chemistry Department; Volodymyrska 64 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
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25
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Liu Y, Lu L, Zhou H, Xu F, Ma C, Huang Z, Xu J, Xu S. Chemodivergent synthesis of N-(pyridin-2-yl)amides and 3-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines from α-bromoketones and 2-aminopyridines. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34671-34676. [PMID: 35529989 PMCID: PMC9073897 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N-(Pyridin-2-yl)amides and 3-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were synthesized respectively from α-bromoketones and 2-aminopyridine under different reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Lixue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Haipin Zhou
- College of Materials & Chemical Engineering
- Chuzhou University
- Chuzhou 239000
- China
| | - Feijie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Kowloon
- P. R. China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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26
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Hutskalova V, Mykhailiuk PK. Pd-Catalyzed directedCH-(hetero)arylation of cyclic α-amino acids: effects of substituents and the ring size. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4342-4349. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00393b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A systematic study on the directed Pd-catalyzed (hetero)arylation of 26 substituted cyclic α-amino acids at the C(3)-atom was performed. For the first time, the 7- and 8-membered cyclic amino acids were introduced to C–H activation. 8–Aminoquinoline was used as a directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia Hutskalova
- Enamine Ltd
- Kyiv 02094
- Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd
- Kyiv 02094
- Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv
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27
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Levterov VV, Michurin O, Borysko PO, Zozulya S, Sadkova IV, Tolmachev AA, Mykhailiuk PK. Photochemical In-Flow Synthesis of 2,4-Methanopyrrolidines: Pyrrolidine Analogues with Improved Water Solubility and Reduced Lipophilicity. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14350-14361. [PMID: 30358395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A practical synthesis of 2,4-methanopyrrolidines was elaborated. The key synthetic step was an intramolecular photochemical [2 + 2]-cycloaddition of an acrylic acid derivative in flow. In spite of a higher molecular weight, 2,4-methanopyrrolidines were shown to have higher solubility in water and lower lipophilicity than pyrrolidines, important characteristics of bioactive molecules in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadym V Levterov
- Enamine, Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine (www.enamine.net)
| | - Oleg Michurin
- Enamine, Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine (www.enamine.net)
| | - Petro O Borysko
- Bienta, Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine (www.bienta.net)
| | - Sergey Zozulya
- Bienta, Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine (www.bienta.net)
| | - Iryna V Sadkova
- Enamine, Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine (www.enamine.net)
| | - Andrey A Tolmachev
- Enamine, Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine (www.enamine.net).,Department of Chemistry , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska 64 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine (www.mykhailiukchem.org)
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine, Ltd. , Chervonotkatska 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine (www.enamine.net).,Department of Chemistry , Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska 64 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine (www.mykhailiukchem.org)
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28
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Verhoork SJM, Killoran PM, Coxon CR. Fluorinated Prolines as Conformational Tools and Reporters for Peptide and Protein Chemistry. Biochemistry 2018; 57:6132-6143. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J. M. Verhoork
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - Patrick M. Killoran
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
| | - Christopher R. Coxon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street Campus, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
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29
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Hou L, Wang Y, Tong X. Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular vinylarylation of alkene: Access to spirocyclic scaffold. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Bychek RM, Levterov VV, Sadkova IV, Tolmachev AA, Mykhailiuk PK. Synthesis of Functionalized Difluorocyclopropanes: Unique Building Blocks for Drug Discovery. Chemistry 2018; 24:12291-12297. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrey A. Tolmachev
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska 64 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd.; Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Department of Chemistry; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; Volodymyrska 64 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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31
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Skalenko YA, Druzhenko TV, Denisenko AV, Samoilenko MV, Dacenko OP, Trofymchuk SA, Grygorenko OO, Tolmachev AA, Mykhailiuk PK. [2+2]-Photocycloaddition of N-Benzylmaleimide to Alkenes As an Approach to Functional 3-Azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes. J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yevhen A. Skalenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine (www.enamine.net, www.mykhailiukchem.org)
- Institute of High Technologies, Academician Glushkov av. 4G, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana V. Druzhenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine (www.enamine.net, www.mykhailiukchem.org)
- Institute of High Technologies, Academician Glushkov av. 4G, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr V. Denisenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine (www.enamine.net, www.mykhailiukchem.org)
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Maryna V. Samoilenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine (www.enamine.net, www.mykhailiukchem.org)
| | - Oleksandr P. Dacenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine (www.enamine.net, www.mykhailiukchem.org)
| | - Serhii A. Trofymchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine (www.enamine.net, www.mykhailiukchem.org)
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine (www.enamine.net, www.mykhailiukchem.org)
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Andrey A. Tolmachev
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine (www.enamine.net, www.mykhailiukchem.org)
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine (www.enamine.net, www.mykhailiukchem.org)
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
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32
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Kirichok AA, Shton IO, Pishel IM, Zozulya SA, Borysko PO, Kubyshkin V, Zaporozhets OA, Tolmachev AA, Mykhailiuk PK. Synthesis of Multifunctional Spirocyclic Azetidines and Their Application in Drug Discovery. Chemistry 2018; 24:5444-5449. [PMID: 29338097 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of multifunctional spirocycles was achieved from common cyclic carboxylic acids (cyclobutane carboxylate, cyclopentane carboxylate, l-proline, etc.). The whole sequence included only two chemical steps-synthesis of azetidinones, and reduction into azetidines. The obtained spirocyclic amino acids were incorporated into a structure of the known anesthetic drug Bupivacaine. The obtained analogues were more active and less toxic than the original drug. We believe that this discovery will lead to a wide use of spirocyclic building blocks in drug discovery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina O Shton
- Enamine Ltd./Bienta, Chervonotkatska 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Irina M Pishel
- Enamine Ltd./Bienta, Chervonotkatska 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey A Zozulya
- Enamine Ltd./Bienta, Chervonotkatska 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National, University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Petro O Borysko
- Enamine Ltd./Bienta, Chervonotkatska 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olha A Zaporozhets
- Taras Shevchenko National, University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd./Bienta, Chervonotkatska 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National, University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
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33
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Druzhenko T, Skalenko Y, Samoilenko M, Denisenko A, Zozulya S, Borysko PO, Sokolenko MI, Tarasov A, Mykhailiuk PK. Photochemical Synthesis of 2-Azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes: Advanced Building Blocks for Drug Discovery. Synthesis of 2,3-Ethanoproline. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1394-1401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Druzhenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
- Institute
of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Glushkov Avenue 4g, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Yevhen Skalenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
- Institute
of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Glushkov Avenue 4g, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Samoilenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
| | | | - Sergey Zozulya
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
| | - Petro O. Borysko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
| | | | - Alexandr Tarasov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine, www.enamine.net
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska
64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
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34
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Kubyshkin V, Pridma S, Budisa N. Comparative effects of trifluoromethyl- and methyl-group substitutions in proline. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
What is the outcome of trifluoromethyl-/methyl-substitution in each position of the proline ring? Look inside to find out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technical University of Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
| | | | - Nediljko Budisa
- Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technical University of Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
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35
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Chalyk BA, Butko MV, Yanshyna OO, Gavrilenko KS, Druzhenko TV, Mykhailiuk PK. Synthesis of Spirocyclic Pyrrolidines: Advanced Building Blocks for Drug Discovery. Chemistry 2017; 23:16782-16786. [PMID: 28800185 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the context of drug discovery, novel spirocyclic pyrrolidines have been synthesized in two steps from common three- to seven-membered-ring (hetero)alicyclic ketones. The key transformation is a reaction between an electron-deficient exocyclic alkene and an in situ generated N-benzyl azomethine ylide. The developed method has been used to synthesize the central diamine core of the known antibacterial agents Sitafloxacin and Olamufloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryna V Butko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Department of Chemical Technology, National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Prosp. Peremohy 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Oksana O Yanshyna
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Konstantin S Gavrilenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,ChemBioCenter, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana V Druzhenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
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36
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Denisenko AV, Druzhenko T, Skalenko Y, Samoilenko M, Grygorenko OO, Zozulya S, Mykhailiuk PK. Photochemical Synthesis of 3-Azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes: Advanced Building Blocks for Drug Discovery. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9627-9636. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V. Denisenko
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Druzhenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute of High Technologies, Academician Glushkov av. 4G, Kyiv 03022, Ukraine
| | - Yevhen Skalenko
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Samoilenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| | - Sergey Zozulya
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- ChemBioCenter, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Department
of Chemistry, National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
| |
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