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Nikishkin N, Cějka J, Eigner V, Šimková L, Ludvík J, Cuřínová P, Dvořáková H, Lhoták P. Synthesis of Thiapillar[6]arenes Bearing Redox-Active (Hydro)quinone Groups. Electrochemical and XRD Study. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12357-12366. [PMID: 37593959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Pillar[n]arenes are among the newest members of the macrocyclic family. Nevertheless, their conformational behavior and binding properties as well as redox properties of dealkylated pillar[n]arenes are well-studied. At the same time, introducing a heteroatom into a cyclophane macrocycle is already known to alter all the above properties drastically. This study presents a simple synthetic approach based on thia-Michael addition cyclization that readily resulted into hexathiapillar[6]arene with four phenylene units alternated by two redox-active hydroquinone moieties. The straightforward synthesis of the macrocycle enabled a systematic study of its conformation and redox behavior. The modification of hexathiapillar[6]arene afforded five functionalized derivatives, which were studied structurally in detail. The findings revealed interesting redox and structural properties of the macrocycle and its derivatives including the formation of crystal lattices with continuous channels and empty voids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Nikishkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCTP), 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Cějka
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCTP), 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Eigner
- Department of Solid State Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCTP), 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Šimková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, AS CR, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Ludvík
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, AS CR, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cuřínová
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, AS CR, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Dvořáková
- Laboratory of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCTP), 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Lhoták
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCTP), 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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Kato K, Kaneda T, Ohtani S, Ogoshi T. Per-Arylation of Pillar[ n]arenes: An Effective Tool to Modify the Properties of Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6905-6913. [PMID: 36929722 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Installation of various substituents is a reliable and versatile way to alter the properties of macrocyclic molecules, but high-yield and controlled methods are not always available especially for multifold reactions. Herein, we report 10- and 12-fold introduction of aryl substituents onto both rims of cylinder-shaped pillar[n]arenes, which usually have alkoxy substituents slanting to the cylinder axes. Although alkoxy pillar[5]arenes exist as D5-symmetric enantiomeric pairs, arylated pillar[5]arenes provide crushed single-crystal structures and stereoisomerism including C2-symmetric conformations depending on the aryl groups. Pillar[n]arenes with 2-benzofuranyl groups display bright fluorescence with quantum yields of 88-90% and no host-guest complexation with electron-deficient molecules in solution due to large deviation from alkoxy compounds. A benzofuran-appended pillar[6]arene instead captures small gaseous molecules in the solid state, probably owing to outside spaces surrounded by aromatic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kaneda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ohtani
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ogoshi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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3
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A Theoretical Analysis of the Reduction and Lithiation of Pillar[6]quinone. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Pananusorn P, Ruengsuk A, Docker A, Khamphaijun K, Sirivibulkovit K, Sukwattanasinitt M, Tantirungrotechai J, Saetear P, Limpanuparb T, Bunchuay T. Selective Extraction, Recovery, and Sensing of Hydroquinone Mediated by a Supramolecular Pillar[5]quinone Quinhydrone Charge-Transfer Complex. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6810-6817. [PMID: 35094511 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions between an electron-rich aromatic hydroquinone (HQ) with its electron deficient counterpart, benzoquinone (BQ), result in the formation of a quinhydrone charge-transfer complex. Herein, we report a novel quinhydrone-type complex between pillar[5]quinone (P[5]Q) and HQ. Characterized by a suite of spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, UV-visible, and FTIR together with PXRD, SEM, BET, CV, and DFT modeling studies, the stability of the complex is determined to be due to an electron-proton transfer reaction coupled with a complementary donor-acceptor interaction. The selectivity of P[5]Q toward HQ over other dihydroxybenzene isomers allows for not only the naked-eye detection of HQ but also its selective liquid-liquid extraction and recovery from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puttipong Pananusorn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Araya Ruengsuk
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Andrew Docker
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Korawit Khamphaijun
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kitima Sirivibulkovit
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Jonggol Tantirungrotechai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Phoonthawee Saetear
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Taweetham Limpanuparb
- Science Division, Mahidol University International College, Mahidol University, Salaya 73170, Thailand
| | - Thanthapatra Bunchuay
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Cao S, Zhou L, Liu C, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Zhao Y. Pillararene-based self-assemblies for electrochemical biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 181:113164. [PMID: 33744670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ingenious design and synthesis of novel macrocycles bring out renewed vigor of supramolecular chemistry in the past decade. As an intriguing class of macrocycles, pillararene and pillararene-based functional materials that are constructed through the noncovalent bond self-assembly approach have been undergoing a rapid growth, benefiting from their unique structures and physiochemical properties. This review elaborates recent significant advances of electrochemical studies based on pillararene systems. Fundamental electrochemical behavior of pillar[n]arene[m]quinone and pillararene-based self-assemblies as well as their applications in electrochemical biosensors are highlighted. In addition, the advantages and functions of pillararene self-assembly systems resulted from the unique molecular architectures are analyzed. Finally, current challenges and future development tendency in this burgeoning field are discussed from the viewpoint of both fundamental research and applications. Overall, this review not only manifests the main development vein of pillararene-based electrochemical systems, but also conquers a solid foundation for their further bioelectrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Le Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Huacheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
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Rashvand Avei M, Etezadi S, Captain B, Kaifer AE. Visualization and quantitation of electronic communication pathways in a series of redox-active pillar[6]arene-based macrocycles. Commun Chem 2020; 3:117. [PMID: 36703347 PMCID: PMC9814560 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While oxidized pillar[5]arenes with 1-5 benzoquinone units are known, very few examples of oxidized pillar[6]arenes have been reported. We describe here the synthesis, characterization and electrochemical behavior of a series of macrocyclic hosts prepared by the stepwise oxidation of 1,4-diethoxypillar[6]arene, resulting in high-yield and high-purity isolation of two constitutional isomers for each macrocycle, in which two, three or four 1,4-diethoxybenzene units are replaced by benzoquinone residues. A careful structural comparison with their counterparts in the pillar[5]arene framework indicates that the geometries of the macrocycles are better described as non-Euclidean hyperbolic hexagons and elliptic pentagons, respectively. A comprehensive computational study to determine anisotropic induced current density (ACID) allows us to visualize and quantify through-space and through-bond communication pathways along the macrocyclic belt. Experimental and simulated voltammetric data, as well as UV-vis spectra, of the new macrocycles afford insights into the various electronic communication pathways in these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rashvand Avei
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA
| | - Sedigheh Etezadi
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA
| | - Burjor Captain
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA
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Avei MR, Leap M, Kaifer AE. Self-Assembly of Partially Oxidized Pillar[5]arene into Fibrous Structures. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:10562-10568. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rashvand Avei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
| | - Madison Leap
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
| | - Angel E. Kaifer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124, United States
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