1
|
Shafie SA, Nozawa R, Takano H, Shinokubo H. Radical reactivity of antiaromatic Ni(II) norcorroles with azo radical initiators. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1967-1972. [PMID: 39161706 PMCID: PMC11331536 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Norcorrole is a stable 16π-antiaromatic porphyrinoid that exhibits characteristic reactivities and physical properties. Here, we disclose the reaction of Ni(II) norcorroles with alkyl radicals derived from azo radical initiators. The radical selectively attacked the distal α-position relative to the meso-position to construct a nonaromatic bowl-shaped structure. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the obtained radical adducts were compared to those of the parent Ni(II) norcorrole. The radical reactivity of Ni(II) norcorroles was investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siham Asyiqin Shafie
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ryo Nozawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takano
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu SY, Li S, Ukai S, Nozawa R, Fukui N, Sugimori R, Kishi R, Shinokubo H. Homochiral and Heterochiral Self-Sorting Assemblies of Antiaromatic Ni(II) Norcorrole Dimers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400292. [PMID: 38769938 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Recently, π-π stacked antiaromatic π-systems have received considerable attention because they can exhibit stacked-ring aromaticity due to substantial intermolecular orbital interactions. Here, we report three antiaromatic norcorrole dimers that self-assemble to form supramolecular architectures through chiral self-sorting. A 2,2'-linked norcorrole dimer with 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl groups forms a π-stacked dimer both in solid and solution states via homochiral self-sorting. Its association constant in solution is (3.6±1.7)×105 M-1 at 20 °C. In the solid state, 3,3'-linked norcorrole dimers with 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl and phenyl groups afford macrocyclic and helical supramolecular assemblies via heterochiral and homochiral self-sorting, respectively. Notably, the subtle modification in the substituent resulted in a complete change in the structure of the aggregates and the chiral self-sorting mode. The present findings demonstrate that structural manipulation in antiaromatic monomer units leads to the formation of various supramolecular assemblies on the basis of the attractive interactions between antiaromatic π-systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Liu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shusaku Ukai
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryo Nozawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryota Sugimori
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, 560-8531, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Sun Y, Meng Y, Li X, Zhang S. Progress in the Synthesis and Derivatization of Norcorrole. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202202039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
4
|
Jun‐i Y, Mizuhata Y, Tokitoh N. Template Synthesis of Novel Norcorrole Complexes with a Phenyl‐substituted Phosphorus Center. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Jun‐i
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho 611-0011 Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizuhata
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho 611-0011 Uji Kyoto Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences Gokasho 611-0011 Uji Kyoto Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho 611-0011 Uji Kyoto Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences Gokasho 611-0011 Uji Kyoto Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ren D, Smaga O, Fu X, Li X, Pawlicki M, Koniarz S, Chmielewski PJ. From Antiaromatic Norcorrolatonickel(II) to Aromatic and Nonaromatic Zwitterions: Innocent Ligands with Unbalanced Charge of the Core. Org Lett 2021; 23:1032-1037. [PMID: 33475380 PMCID: PMC7875510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A three-component
reaction of antiaromatic meso-mesityl-3-nitronorcorrolatonickel(II) 1-NO2 with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate and PBu3 yields aromatic
zwitterionic corrole nickel(II) complexes 3-R with one
of the meso-substituents comprising a positively
charged tributyl phosphonium group and negatively charged coordination
core. Reaction of 1-NO2 with PBu3 alone resulted in a nonaromatic chiral adduct 5 of
a zwitterionic phlorine character with a −PBu3+ group at a pyrrole β-position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Oskar Smaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Xinliang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30 387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Koniarz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li S, Smaga O, Sun Y, Li X, Pawlicki M, Sukniewicz M, Chmielewski PJ. Friedel–Crafts acylation of antiaromatic norcorroles: electronic and steric modulation of the paratropic current. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00621e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The first ever Friedel–Crafts acylation of an antiaromatic macrocycle was performed for norcorrolatonickel(ii) reacting with aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acid chlorides in the presence of AlCl3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Oskar Smaga
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50 383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Yahan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50 383 Wrocław
- Poland
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu SY, Kawashima H, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. A 2-to-2' 18-to-18' doubly linked Ni(ii) norcorrole dimer: an effectively conjugated antiaromatic dyad. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:6846-6849. [PMID: 32432636 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02543g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of a 2-to-2' 18-to-18' doubly linked Ni(ii) norcorrole dimer are described. It adopts a highly planar structure, resulting in effective electronic interactions between the constituent norcorrole units. Nevertheless, each norcorrole unit exhibits substantial antiaromaticity, which stands in sharp contrast to stacked norcorrole dimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Liu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu SY, Fukuoka T, Fukui N, Shin JY, Shinokubo H. Reactions of Antiaromatic Norcorrole Ni(II) Complex with Carbenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:4400-4403. [PMID: 32392417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Norcorrole is a ring-contracted porphyrinoid, exhibiting distinct antiaromaticity. Herein, we report the reactions of meso-dimesitylnorcorrole Ni(II) complex with two types of carbenes: dichlorocarbene and an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The reaction with in-situ-generated dichlorocarbene resulted in the double insertion of two chloromethine units to provide a mixture of 5,15-dichloroporphyrin and chlorinated isopyricorroles. The nucleophilic NHC attacked the 3-position of the norcorrole core and the subsequent proton transfer furnished a nonconjugated macrocycle incorporating a diazafulvene segment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Liu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takaki Fukuoka
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ji-Young Shin
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Over the past few decades, several molecular cages, hosts and nanoporous materials enclosing nanometre-sized cavities have been reported1-5, including coordination-driven nanocages6. Such nanocages have found widespread use in molecular recognition, separation, stabilization and the promotion of unusual chemical reactions, among other applications3-10. Most of the reported nanospaces within molecular hosts are confined by aromatic walls, the properties of which help to determine the host-guest behaviour. However, cages with nanospaces surrounded by antiaromatic walls have not yet been developed, owing to the instability of antiaromatic compounds; as such, the effect of antiaromatic walls on the properties of nanospaces remains unknown. Here we demonstrate the construction of an antiaromatic-walled nanospace within a self-assembled cage composed of four metal ions with six identical antiaromatic walls. Calculations indicate that the magnetic effects of the antiaromatic moieties surrounding this nanospace reinforce each other. This prediction is confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals of bound guest molecules, which are observed at chemical shift values of up to 24 parts per million (ppm), owing to the combined antiaromatic deshielding effect of the surrounding rings. This value, shifted 15 ppm from that of the free guest, is the largest 1H NMR chemical shift displacement resulting from an antiaromatic environment observed so far. This cage may thus be considered as a type of NMR shift reagent, moving guest signals well beyond the usual NMR frequency range and opening the way to further probing the effects of an antiaromatic environment on a nanospace.
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu S, Tanaka H, Nozawa R, Fukui N, Shinokubo H. Synthesis of
meso
‐Alkyl‐Substituted Norcorrole–Ni
II
Complexes and Conversion to 5‐Oxaporphyrins(2.0.1.0). Chemistry 2019; 25:7618-7622. [PMID: 31001885 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Yu Liu
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Ryo Nozawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shafie SA, Kawashima H, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Regioselective Oxidative Ring Cleavage of Antiaromatic Nickel(II) Norcorrole to Dialkoxybis(dipyrrin)s. Chempluschem 2019; 84:623-626. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siham A. Shafie
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringNagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Nickel norcorrole provides an unusual example of a molecule that is strongly antiaromatic according to the magnetic criterion, but which exhibits, according to high-quality DFT calculations, a symmetric, delocalized structure with no difference in bond length between adjacent Cmeso-Cα bonds. A fragment molecular orbital analysis suggests that these discordant observations are a manifestation of the high stability of the dipyrrin fragments, which retain their electronic and structural integrity even as part of the norcorrole ring system.
Collapse
|
13
|
Horino Y, Murakami M, Aimono A, Lee JH, Abe H. Trialkylborane-Mediated Multicomponent Reaction for the Diastereoselective Synthesis of Anti-δ,δ-Disubstituted Homoallylic Alcohols. Org Lett 2019; 21:476-480. [PMID: 30596237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The trialkylborane/O2-mediated reaction of propargyl acetates having a tributylstannyl group at an alkyne terminus with aldehydes in a THF-H2O solvent system gave anti-δ,δ-disubstituted homoallylic alcohols with good to high diastereoselectivity. Intriguingly, two alkyl groups derived from trialkylborane were embedded into the reaction product. The trialkylborane plays a key role not only as a radical initiator but also as a source of alkyl radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Horino
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Miki Murakami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Ataru Aimono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry , Dongguk University , Gyeongju 780-714 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hitoshi Abe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , University of Toyama , 3190 Gofuku , Toyama 930-8555 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ren D, Fu X, Li X, Koniarz S, Chmielewski PJ. Reaction of antiaromatic porphyrinoid with active methylene compounds. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00679f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antiaromatic norcorrolatonickel(ii) reacts regioselectively under basic conditions with active methylene compounds, yielding mono-substituted derivatives in which spectroscopic and redox properties of the starting macrocycle are retained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xinliang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fu X, Meng Y, Li X, Stępień M, Chmielewski PJ. Extension of antiaromatic norcorrole by cycloaddition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2510-2513. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00447a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cycloaddition of iminonitrile to norcorrolatonickel(ii) yields the first chiral antiaromatic tetrapyrrole and pyrazole-fused system of enhanced paratropicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Yankui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan
- Hunan 411201
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- Wrocław 50 383
- Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|