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Manikandan P, Agneswaran R, Pavunkumar V, Mohanakrishnan AK. A Formal (4 + 2) Cycloaddition of Phosphorus Ylides: Synthesis of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic 1,2-Diesters and Diones. Org Lett 2022; 24:4502-4506. [PMID: 35708208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heteroarylmethylenephosphorus ylides underwent Michael addition with alkynediones and alkynediesters, followed by intramolecular cyclization and elimination of triphenylphosphine oxide to afford 1,2-diaroylbenzenes and 1,2-alkoxycarbonylcarbo- and heterocycles. The analogous (4 + 2) cycloaddition led to the formation of 2,3-diaroylquinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palani Manikandan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rudrasenan Agneswaran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinayagam Pavunkumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Petruncio G, Shellnutt Z, Elahi-Mohassel S, Alishetty S, Paige M. Skipped dienes in natural product synthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:2187-2213. [PMID: 34913051 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00012h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000-2020The 1,4-diene motif, also known as a skipped diene, is widespread across various classes of natural products including alkaloids, fatty acids, terpenoids, and polyketides as part of either the finalized structure or a biosynthetic intermediate. The prevalence of this nonconjugated diene system in nature has resulted in numerous encounters in the total synthesis literature. However, skipped dienes have not been extensively reviewed, which could be attributed to overshadowing by the more recognized 1,3-diene system. In this review, we aim to highlight the relevance of skipped dienes in natural products through the lens of total synthesis. Subjects that will be covered include nomenclature, structural properties, prevalence in natural products, synthetic strategies and the future direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Petruncio
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Zachary Shellnutt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Synah Elahi-Mohassel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
| | - Suman Alishetty
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA
| | - Mikell Paige
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA.
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Baviera GS, Donate PM. Recent advances in the syntheses of anthracene derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2028-2050. [PMID: 34457075 PMCID: PMC8372310 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracene and anthracene derivatives have been extensively studied over the years because of their interesting photophysical, photochemical, and biological properties. They are currently the subject of research in several areas, which investigate their use in the biological field and their application in OLEDs, OFETs, polymeric materials, solar cells, and many other organic materials. Their synthesis remains challenging, but some important preparative methods have been reported, especially in the last decade. This review presents an update of the recent strategies that have been employed to prepare anthracene derivatives. It encompasses papers published over the last twelve years (2008–2020) and focuses on direct and indirect methods to construct anthracene and anthraquinone frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S Baviera
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-091, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Donate
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-091, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Inhibitory activities of anthraquinone and xanthone derivatives against transthyretin amyloidogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 44:116292. [PMID: 34225167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin is a tetrameric protein which functions as a transporter of thyroxine and retinol-binding protein. Misfolding and amyloid aggregation of transthyretin are known to cause wild-type and hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Stabilization of the transthyretin tetramer by low molecular weight compounds is an efficacious strategy to inhibit the aggregation pathway in the amyloidosis. Here, we investigated the inhibitory activities of anthraquinone and xanthone derivatives against amyloid aggregation, and found that xanthone-2-carboxylic acid with one chlorine or methyl group has strong inhibitory activity comparable with that of diflunisal, which is one of the best known stabilizers of transthyretin. X-ray crystallographic structures of transthyretin in complex with the compounds revealed that the introduction of chlorine, which is buried in a hydrophobic region, is important for the strong inhibitory effect of the stabilizer against amyloidogenesis. An in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) study and in vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that the compounds have drug-like features, suggesting that they have potential as therapeutic agents to stabilize transthyretin.
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Satham L, Suresh A, Namboothiri INN. Synthesis of Sulfonyloxindoles via Functional Group Exchange Between 3‐Sulfonylphthalide and Isatylidenemalononitrile. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alati Suresh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai 400 076 India
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Beck J, Fuhr O, Nieger M, Bräse S. A versatile Diels-Alder approach to functionalized hydroanthraquinones. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200626. [PMID: 33391783 PMCID: PMC7735338 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of highly substituted hydroanthraquinone derivatives with up to three stereogenic centres via a Diels-Alder reaction, starting from easily accessible 2-substituted naphthoquinones, is described. The [4+2]-cycloaddition is applicable for a broad range of substrates, runs under mild conditions and results in high yields. The highly regioselective outcome of the reactions is enabled by a benzoyl substituent at C2 of the dienophiles. The obtained hydroanthraquinones can be further modified and represent ideal substrates for follow-up intramolecular coupling reactions to create unique bicyclo[3.3.1] or -[3.2.2]nonane ring systems which are important natural product skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Beck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Fuhr
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe Nano-Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Asahara H, Kikuchi S, Unno Y, Yokoyama S, Yoshioka K, Tani S, Umezu K, Nishiwaki N. A Facile Synthesis of Oxiranes Possessing Three or Four Carbonyl Groups. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190112103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tri-carbonylated oxiranes were efficiently synthesized by condensing a vicinal
tricarbonyl compound with α-bromoketones in the presence of a base. This protocol was
applicable to α–bromo-β-keto esters to create tetra-carbonylated oxiranes, from which trifunctionalized
bromoalkene was competitively formed. The ratio of these compounds was
influenced by the solvent and reaction temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruyasu Asahara
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kikuchi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Yuto Unno
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Soichi Yokoyama
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshioka
- Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Fujikawa-cho, Ihara-gun, Shizuoka 421-3306, Japan
| | - Shinki Tani
- Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Fujikawa-cho, Ihara-gun, Shizuoka 421-3306, Japan
| | - Kazuto Umezu
- Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Fujikawa-cho, Ihara-gun, Shizuoka 421-3306, Japan
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
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Xu WL, Zhang H, Hu YL, Yang H, Chen J, Zhou L. Metal-Free Dehydrogenative Diels-Alder Reactions of Prenyl Derivatives with Dienophiles via a Thermal Reversible Process. Org Lett 2018; 20:5774-5778. [PMID: 30182721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An efficient dehydrogenative Diels-Alder reaction of prenyl derivatives with dienophiles has been developed. The reaction exhibits broad substrate scope and provides efficient access to cyclohexene derivatives with good to excellent yields. A reasonable mechanism involving a metal-free thermal reversible process is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Yu-Long Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an 710127 , P.R. China
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