1
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Zeng Z, Chen C, Xu X, Liu Y, Huang W, Tang Y. Diazotization of o-Aminoamidoximes for the Preparation of Energetic 6,5,6-Fused 1,2,3-Triazine-3-oxides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9516-9520. [PMID: 38872301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Two 6,5,6-fused 1,2,3-triazine-3-oxides (4 and 6) were designed and synthesized via the reaction of o-aminoamidoximes with sodium nitrite. In addition, the ring-opening products (5, 7, and 8) derived from 1,2,3-triazine-3-oxides were isolated and characterized. A comprehensive exploration of the reaction mechanism governing the ring-opening process was performed through a combination of theoretical and experimental studies. Notably, compound 4 exhibited commendable detonation properties and low sensitivity, demonstrating its promising potential as an energetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xuran Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuji Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yongxing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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2
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García-Lacuna J, Baumann M. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Benzotriazin-4(3 H)-ones via Visible Light Mediated Nitrogen-Centered Norrish Reaction. Org Lett 2024; 26:2371-2375. [PMID: 38466090 PMCID: PMC10985655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
We report a new protocol for the synthesis of substituted benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones which are underrepresented heterocyclic scaffolds with important pharmacological properties. Our method exploits acyclic aryl triazine precursors that undergo a photocyclization reaction upon exposure to violet light (420 nm). Continuous flow reactor technology is exploited to afford excellent yields in only 10 min residence time with no additives or photocatalysts needed. The underlying reaction mechanism appears to be based on an unprecedented variation of the classical Norrish type II reaction with concomitant fragmentation and formation of N-N bonds. Scalability, process robustness, and green credentials of this intriguing transformation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Lacuna
- University College Dublin, School of Chemistry, Science Centre South, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marcus Baumann
- University College Dublin, School of Chemistry, Science Centre South, Dublin 4, Ireland
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3
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Maqueda-Zelaya F, Aceña JL, Merino E, Vaquero JJ, Sucunza D. 1,2,3-Benzotriazine Synthesis by Heterocyclization of p-Tosylmethyl Isocyanide Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14131-14139. [PMID: 37721789 PMCID: PMC10563127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
An efficient methodology to form 4-alkoxy- and 4-aryloxybenzo[d][1,2,3]triazines via an intramolecular heterocyclization of 1-azido-2-[isocyano(p-tosyl)methyl]benzenes under basic conditions has been developed. DFT calculations have been performed to further understand the mechanism of this heterocyclization, which occurs in good to excellent yields with a broad scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Maqueda-Zelaya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación
Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, 28805, Alcalá
deHenares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Aceña
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación
Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, 28805, Alcalá
deHenares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Merino
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación
Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, 28805, Alcalá
deHenares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación
Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, 28805, Alcalá
deHenares, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación
Química “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, 28805, Alcalá
deHenares, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Jain S, Kumawat J, Jain P, Shruti, Malik P, Dwivedi J, Kishore D. Metal-catalyzed synthesis of triazine derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Synthesis of functionized N-arylbenzotriazoles via palladium catalyzed intramolecular amination. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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McGrory R, Faggyas RJ, Sutherland A. One-pot synthesis of N-substituted benzannulated triazoles via stable arene diazonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6127-6140. [PMID: 34179913 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00968k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A mild and effective one-pot synthesis of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones and benzothiatriazine-1,1(2H)-dioxide analogues has been developed. The method involves the diazotisation and subsequent cyclisation of 2-aminobenzamides and 2-aminobenzenesulfonamides via stable diazonium salts, prepared using a polymer-supported nitrite reagent and p-tosic acid. The transformation was compatible with a wide range of aryl functional groups and amide/sulfonamide-substituents and was used for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important targets. The synthetic utility of the one-pot diazotisaton-cyclisation process was further demonstrated with the preparation of an α-amino acid containing 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle McGrory
- School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Réka J Faggyas
- School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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7
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Bugaenko DI, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. The versatility of DABCO: synthetic applications of its basic, nucleophilic, and catalytic properties. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Lai Z, Wang C, Li J, Cui S. Redox Cyclization of Amides and Sulfonamides with Nitrous Oxide for Direct Synthesis of Heterocycles. Org Lett 2020; 22:2017-2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhencheng Lai
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaorong Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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9
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Landman IR, Suleymanov AA, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Chadwick FM, Severin K. Brønsted and Lewis acid adducts of triazenes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:2317-2322. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopy and crystallographic data show that triazenes are protonated at N1 position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris R. Landman
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Abdusalom A. Suleymanov
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - F. Mark Chadwick
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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10
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Chandrasekhar A, Sankararaman S. Synthesis of indolo- and pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalinones through a palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of the C2 position of indole. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1612-1622. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02703c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A methodology that involves the Pd-catalyzed direct C(sp2)–H bond carbonylation of the C2 position of indole has been introduced for the synthesis of indolo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-6(5H)-ones.
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11
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Barak DS, Mukhopadhyay S, Dahatonde DJ, Batra S. NaNO2/I2 as an alternative reagent for the synthesis of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-ones from 2-aminobenzamides. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Cai YM, Zhang X, An C, Yang YF, Liu W, Gao WX, Huang XB, Zhou YB, Liu MC, Wu HY. Catalyst-free oxidative N–N coupling for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole compounds with tBuONO. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00071b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free oxidative N–N coupling with tBuONO has been developed for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. of China
| | - Cui An
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. of China
| | - Ye-Fei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. of China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. of China
| | - Wen-Xia Gao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. of China
| | - Yun-Bing Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. of China
| | - Miao-Chang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. of China
| | - Hua-Yue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Wenzhou University
- Wenzhou
- P. R. of China
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13
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Chandrasekhar A, Ramkumar V, Sankararaman S. Palladium catalyzed carbonylative annulation of the C(sp 2)-H bond of N,1-diaryl-1H-tetrazol-5-amines and N,4-diaryl-4H-triazol-3-amines to quinazolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:8629-8638. [PMID: 30383058 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pd(ii) catalyzed direct C-H carbonylative annulation of N,1-diaryl-1H-tetrazol-5-amines and N,4-diaryl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amines gave the corresponding triazole and tetrazole fused quinazolinones in good yields. This methodology offers a convenient method for the synthesis of these important heterocyclic scaffolds in a highly atom economical process. On the mechanistic aspect weakly nucleophilic triazole and tetrazole moieties function as both directing as well as intramolecular nucleophiles. The catalytically active C-H activated intermediate dimeric Pd complex was isolated and characterized which on exposure to CO gas gave the corresponding tetrazole fused quinazolinone derivative. On the basis of isolation of the intermediate and observed kinetic isotope effects, a mechanism has been proposed for the C-H activated direct carbonylative annulation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attoor Chandrasekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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14
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Lou Y, Song Q. Oxidative Rearrangement of 3-Aminoindazoles for the Construction of 1,2,3-Benzotriazine-4(3H)-ones at Ambient Temperature. Org Lett 2018; 20:6494-6497. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P.R. China
| | - Ya Wang
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P.R. China
| | - Yixian Lou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering, College of Material Sciences Engineering, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Boulevard, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P.R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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15
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Qiu S, Zhai S, Wang H, Tao C, Zhao H, Zhai H. Efficient Synthesis of Phthalimides via Cobalt-Catalyzed C(sp
2
)−H Carbonylation of Benzoyl Hydrazides with Carbon Monoxide. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and the Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxian Zhai
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and the Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Huifei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and the Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and the Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and the Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics and the Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics; Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University; Shenzhen 518055 People's Republic of China
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin) China
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